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Bondar D, Fei H, Withers AC, Ishii T, Chanyshev A, Katsura T. A simplified rapid-quench multi-anvil technique. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:113902. [PMID: 34852545 DOI: 10.1063/5.0062525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a new rapid-quench technique for the Kawai-type multi-anvil press: several important improvements were made to our previous design. As a result, we are able to routinely quench melts with low glass-forming ability and form glasses. Owing to the use of 3D-printed parts to supply the coolant, the new design is easier to assemble and demonstrates better temperature stability and cooling rate. It was also found that the cooling rate is both pressure- and temperature-dependent. The cooling rate increases with increasing pressure from 6700 °C/s at 1 GPa to 8200 °C/s at 5.5 GPa and decreases with increasing temperature at a rate of 550 °C s-1/100 °C. Taking these dependencies into account, the new rapid-quench design produces more than 15% higher cooling rate compared to the previous design. Moreover, enhancing coolant circulation, which was achieved by using tapered inner anvils with holes, additionally increases the cooling rate by about 4%. As the structure of the rapid-quench assembly differs dramatically from other existing designs, pressure calibration and temperature distribution in the experimental cell and sample capsule were determined for the first time. It was found that the first 0.6 MN of press load is not used to generate pressure due to the hard tungsten components in the assembly. At the current state-of-the-art, it is possible to routinely reach a pressure of 9 GPa and a temperature of 2200 K with the temperature variation not exceeding 70 K within the sample capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Bondar
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hongzhan Fei
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anthony C Withers
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Takayuki Ishii
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Artem Chanyshev
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tomoo Katsura
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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Bondar D, Fei H, Withers AC, Katsura T. A rapid-quench technique for multi-anvil high-pressure-temperature experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:065105. [PMID: 32611017 DOI: 10.1063/5.0005936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to extend the pressure and compositional range where silicate melts can be quenched to form glass in a multi-anvil high-pressure and high-temperature apparatus, a rapid-quench technique, which includes an external cooling system and a low thermal-inertia assembly, was developed. This technique allows much higher cooling rates (6000-7000 °C/s) than regular piston-cylinder (130 °C/s) apparatus and multi-anvil (650 °C/s) apparatus, which are widely used in solid Earth science. Such high cooling rates are critical to avoid unwanted changes in a sample, such as melt crystallization and volatile loss, during quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Bondar
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hongzhan Fei
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anthony C Withers
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tomoo Katsura
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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Petrology of Chromitites in the Higashi-Akaishi Ultrahigh-Pressure (UHP) Peridotite Complex, Japan: Toward Understanding of General Features of the UHP Chromitites. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min8110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) chromitites containing UHP minerals such as coesite and diamond have been reported from some ophiolites in Tibet and the Polar Urals. Their nature, i.e., origin, P-T path and abundance, however, are still controversial and left unclear. Here we describe chromitites in the Higashi-akaishi (HA) ultramafic complex in the Cretaceous Sanbagawa metamorphic belt, Japan, which experienced UHP condition (up to 3.8 GPa) at the peak metamorphism via subduction, in order to understand the nature of UHP chromitites. The HA peridotites typically contain garnets and are associated with eclogites, and their associated chromitites are expected to have experienced the UHP metamorphism. The Higashi-akaishi (HA) chromitites show banded to massive structures and are concordant to foliation of the surrounding peridotite. Chromian spinels in the chromitite and surrounding peridotites were sometimes fractured by deformation, and contain various inclusions, i.e., blade- and needle-like diopside lamellae, and minute inclusions of pyroxenes, olivine, and pargasite. The peculiar UHP minerals, such as coesite and diamond, have not been found under the microscope and the Raman spectrometer. Spinels in the HA chromitites show high Cr#s (0.7 to 0.85), and low Ti contents (<0.1 wt %), suggesting a genetic linkage to an arc magma. The HA chromitites share the basic petrographic and chemical features (i.e., diopside lamellae and arc-related spinel chemistry) with the UHP chromitites from Tibet and the Polar Urals. This suggests that some of the characteristics of the UHP chromitite can be obtained by compression, possibly via deep subduction, of low-P chromitite.
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Knibbe JS, Luginbühl SM, Stoevelaar R, van der Plas W, van Harlingen DM, Rai N, Steenstra ES, van de Geer R, van Westrenen W. Calibration of a multi-anvil high-pressure apparatus to simulate planetary interior conditions. EPJ TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2018; 5:5. [PMID: 30997319 PMCID: PMC6434927 DOI: 10.1140/epjti/s40485-018-0047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the setup and pressure calibration of an 800-ton multi-anvil apparatus installed at the Vrije Universiteit (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) to simulate pressure-temperature conditions in planetary interiors. This high-pressure device can expose cubic millimeter sized samples to near-hydrostatic pressures up to ~ 10 GPa and temperatures exceeding 2100 °C. The apparatus is part of the Distributed Planetary Simulation Facility (DPSF) of the EU Europlanet 2020 Research Infrastructure, and significantly extends the pressure-temperature range that is available through international access to this facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Knibbe
- Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S. M. Luginbühl
- Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R. Stoevelaar
- Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W. van der Plas
- Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D. M. van Harlingen
- Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N. Rai
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - E. S. Steenstra
- Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R. van de Geer
- Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W. van Westrenen
- Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Tracing ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism at the catchment scale. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2931. [PMID: 29440691 PMCID: PMC5811555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding traces of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism in the geological record has huge implications for unravelling Earth’s geodynamic evolution, such as the onset of deep subduction. Usually, UHP rocks are identified by specific mineral inclusions like coesite and characteristic petrographic features resulting from its (partial) transformation to the lower-pressure polymorph quartz in thin sections of crystalline rocks. This approach relies on very small sample size and is thus limited to a few points within large regions. Here we present the first findings of coesite inclusions in detrital mineral grains. The intact monomineralic inclusions were detected in garnets from a modern sand sample from the Western Gneiss Region, SW Norway. They represent the first known intact monomineralic coesite inclusions in the Western Gneiss Region, and their presence is suggested to indicate the erosion of UHP rocks in the sampled catchment area. The novel approach introduced here allows for tracing UHP metamorphic rocks and their erosional products at the catchment scale instead of being limited to outcrops of crystalline rocks. It opens new avenues for the prospective exploration of UHP metamorphism in Earth’s geological record.
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Akaogi M, Yusa H, Shiraishi K, Suzuki T. Thermodynamic properties of α-quartz, coesite, and stishovite and equilibrium phase relations at high pressures and high temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/95jb02395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhang J, Herzberg C. Melting experiments on anhydrous peridotite KLB-1 from 5.0 to 22.5 GPa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bohlen SR, Boettcher AL. The quartz ⇆ coesite transformation: A precise determination and the effects of other components. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb087ib08p07073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yasuda A, Fujii T, Kurita K. Melting phase relations of an anhydrous mid-ocean ridge basalt from 3 to 20 GPa: Implications for the behavior of subducted oceanic crust in the mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jb03205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Swamy V, Saxena SK, Sundman B, Zhang J. A thermodynamic assessment of silica phase diagram. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jb02968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Korsakov AV, Vandenabeele P, Perraki M, Moens L. First findings of monocrystalline aragonite inclusions in garnet from diamond-grade UHPM rocks (Kokchetav Massif, Northern Kazakhstan). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 80:21-26. [PMID: 21247793 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The presence of aragonite inclusions in garnet from diamond-grade metamorphic rocks from the Kokchetav Massif, Northern Kazakhstan was identified for the first time by means of Raman analyses and mapping. Aragonite appears within the inclusions up to 50 μm in size as a single crystal. These inclusions have rounded shape. The grain boundary between the host-garnet is smooth. No cracks occur around the aragonite inclusions. No significant shift in the main aragonite Raman band was measured. These observations indicate that residual pressure within the inclusion is minor. These findings imply either non-UHPM origin of the host garnet or significant plastic deformation of host minerals during retrograde stage. These features should be taken into account for recovery peak metamorphic conditions and modeling of exhumation processes of UHPM complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Korsakov
- Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Kinetic and microstructural studies of the crystallisation of coesite from quartz at high pressure. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1997.212.10.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The kinetics of the α-quartz to coesite transition have been studied in the pressure range of 3.2 GPa to 5.2 GPa and in the temperature range 950 K–1175 K by in situ X-ray diffraction using a MAX80 cubic anvil high-pressure apparatus at the Hamburger Synchrotronstrah-lungslabor (HASYLAB). During the phase transition, X-ray diffraction patterns were collected at intervals of 60 s. The transformed volume fraction has been calculated from the diffracted intensities of the respective phases as a function of time. By fitting a fundamental rate equation for grain boundary nucleation and interface-controlled growth to the transformation-time data, rates of nucleation and growth have been calculated. A discrepancy between the experimental determined and theoretical calculated phase boundary is discussed.
After quenching the samples, the reaction products could be investigated by TEM images. A specific feature of the synthesised coesite crystals was a concentrated microtwinning. Its influence on the crystal structure and thus on the thermodynamic behaviour of the α-quartz-coesite phase transition is illustrated.
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Mirwald PW. Experimental study of the dehydration reactions gypsum-bassanite and bassanite-anhydrite at high pressure: Indication of anomalous behavior of H2O at high pressure in the temperature range of 50–300°C. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:074502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2826321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Korsakov AV, Hutsebaut D, Theunissen K, Vandenabeele P, Stepanov AS. Raman mapping of coesite inclusions in garnet from the Kokchetav Massif (Northern Kazakhstan). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 68:1046-52. [PMID: 17553735 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 03/31/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Coesite inclusions occur in a wide range of lithologies and coesite is therefore a powerful ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) indicator. The transformation of coesite to quartz is evidenced by three optically well identifiable characteristics (e.g. palisade textures, radial crack patterns, polycrystalline quartz pseudomorphs). Under overpressure monomineralic coesite (on an optical basis), lacking the above transformation characteristics may survive. Raman micro-spectroscopy was applied on monomineralic coesite inclusions in garnet porphyroblasts from diamond-bearing garnet-clinozoisite-biotite gneisses of the Barchi-Kol area (Kokchetav Massif, Northern Kazakhstan). These coesite inclusions are euhedral and display a characteristic anisotropic hallo. However, Raman maps and separate spectra of these inclusions display shifted bands for coesite and quartz. Microscopically undetectable, quartz shows on the Raman map as a thin shell around coesite inclusion. Shift of the main coesite band allows to estimate their overpressure: coesite inclusions record 0-2.4 GPa in garnet and zircon. The quartz shell remains under lower pressure 0-1.6 GPa. The possible application of coesite and quartz Raman geobarometers for UHP metamorphic rocks is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Korsakov
- Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Koptyug Pr. 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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Mirwald PW. Evidence of PVT anomaly boundaries of water at high pressure from compression and NaCl∙2H2O dehydration experiments. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:124715. [PMID: 16392519 DOI: 10.1063/1.2042455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothermal compression experiments on water have been performed between 0 to 80 degrees C and up to 1.3 GPa pressure. The compressibilities derived from the water compression experiments reveal a nonsmooth PVT behavior forming two anomaly boundaries. These boundaries originate at the melting line of ice III at about 0.25 GPa/-20 degrees C, and of ice VI at about 0.8 GPa/13 degrees C. Both boundaries have a positive sloped course separating three areas of different PVT properties of water. However, this P-T topology is obscured by an unresolved complication in the temperature range of 40-60 degrees C, which allows different topological interpretations of the data. As a cross-check for the compression experiment the dehydration boundary of sodium chloride-dihydrate (NaCl.2H2O) has been determined up to 1.5 GPa. The dehydration curve of NaCl.2H2O which traverses the two anomaly boundaries shows two inflections at the intersection, at 0.27 GPa/12 degrees C and at 0.77 GPa/22 degrees C, respectively. While the isothermal compressibility curves as well as the dP/dT course of the two anomaly boundaries give evidence of two densifications of water, the slope analysis of the inflections of the NaCl-2H2O dehydration curve suggests that the entropy change plays an important role. A recent model of water at high pressure conditions proposes a gradual structural transition from a low density water (LDW) at low pressures to a high density water (HDW) at high pressures. The compression data as well as the inflections of the dehydration boundary indicate, however, two discrete structural changes of water. Data comparison with that model suggests that the anomaly boundary at lower pressure corresponds to a volume fraction [V(HDW)/(V(LDW)+V(HDW))] of 0.8, while the upper one approaches a volume fraction of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Mirwald
- Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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An experiment study of quartz-coesite transition at differential stress. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02897461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mueller H, Massonne HJ. Experimental high pressure investigation of partial melting in natural rocks and their influence on Vp and Vs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1464-1895(01)00062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rheology of Crustal Rocks at Ultrahigh Pressure. WHEN CONTINENTS COLLIDE: GEODYNAMICS AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF ULTRAHIGH-PRESSURE ROCKS 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9050-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lee VW, Mackwell SJ, Brantley SL. The effect of fluid chemistry on wetting textures in novaculite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jb00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wei K, Trønnes RG, Scarfe CM. Phase relations of aluminum-undepleted and aluminum-depleted komatiites at pressures of 4–12 GPa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jb095ib10p15817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rovetta MR, Blacic JD, Hervig RL, Holloway JR. An experimental study of hydroxyl in quartz using infrared spectroscopy and ion microprobe techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jb094ib05p05840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Treiman AH, Essene EJ. Mantle eclogite and carbonate as sources of sodic carbonatites and alkalic magmas. Nature 1983. [DOI: 10.1038/302700a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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