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Biggin AJ, Bono RK, Meduri DG, Sprain CJ, Davies CJ, Holme R, Doubrovine PV. Quantitative estimates of average geomagnetic axial dipole dominance in deep geological time. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6100. [PMID: 33257692 PMCID: PMC7704635 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A defining characteristic of the recent geomagnetic field is its dominant axial dipole which provides its navigational utility and dictates the shape of the magnetosphere. Going back through time, much less is known about the degree of axial dipole dominance. Here we use a substantial and diverse set of 3D numerical dynamo simulations and recent observation-based field models to derive a power law relationship between the angular dispersion of virtual geomagnetic poles at the equator and the median axial dipole dominance measured at Earth's surface. Applying this relation to published estimates of equatorial angular dispersion implies that geomagnetic axial dipole dominance averaged over 107-109 years has remained moderately high and stable through large parts of geological time. This provides an observational constraint to future studies of the geodynamo and palaeomagnetosphere. It also provides some reassurance as to the reliability of palaeogeographical reconstructions provided by palaeomagnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Biggin
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK.
| | - Richard K Bono
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK
| | - Domenico G Meduri
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK
| | - Courtney J Sprain
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK.,Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 112120, Gainesville, FL, 32611-2120, USA
| | | | - Richard Holme
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK
| | - Pavel V Doubrovine
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, Sem Saelands vei 2A, 0315, Oslo, Norway
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Franco DR, de Oliveira WP, Freitas FBVD, Takahashi D, da Ponte Neto CF, Peixoto IMC. Paleomagnetic Evidence for Inverse Correspondence between the Relative Contribution of the Axial Dipole Field and CMB Heat Flux for the Past 270 Myr. Sci Rep 2019; 9:282. [PMID: 30670714 PMCID: PMC6342988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide an evaluation of the paleolatitudinal dependence of the paleosecular variation throughout the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition - linked to the high geomagnetic reversal frequency interval Illawarra Hyperzone of Mixed Polarity (IHMP; ~266.7-228.7 Myr). Our findings were compared with those for intervals of distinctive geomagnetic reversal frequencies within the Phanerozoic. Our results for the IHMP were conducted through estimates of angular dispersion (SB) of virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) data groups, taken from a high quality paleomagnetic database. Model G was fitted to these data, providing its shape parameters a and b (respectively related to the antisymmetric and symmetric harmonic terms for the time-average geomagnetic field). Results for the IHMP exhibited compatible patterns with two well-known intervals of higher reversal frequency - Jurassic and the last 5 Myr. A comparison of b/a ratio results - considered as an efficient indicator for the relative contribution of the axial dipole field - for the last 270 Myr, indicated an inverse correspondence with the relative core-mantle boundary (CMB) heat flux, according to recent discussions, clarifying the physical meaning of the Model G shape parameters a and b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ribeiro Franco
- Coordenação de Geofísica, Observatório Nacional, R. Gal. José Cristino, 77, 20921-400, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Wellington Paulo de Oliveira
- Coordenação de Geofísica, Observatório Nacional, R. Gal. José Cristino, 77, 20921-400, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Takahashi
- Coordenação de Geofísica, Observatório Nacional, R. Gal. José Cristino, 77, 20921-400, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cosme Ferreira da Ponte Neto
- Coordenação de Geofísica, Observatório Nacional, R. Gal. José Cristino, 77, 20921-400, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ian Muzy Camarão Peixoto
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Milton Tavares de Souza, S/N, 24210-346, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Tauxe L, Kent DV. A Simplified Statistical Model for the Geomagnetic Field and the Detection of Shallow Bias in Paleomagnetic Inclinations: was the Ancient Magnetic Field Dipolar? TIMESCALES OF THE PALEOMAGNETIC FIELD 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/145gm08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hagstrum JT, Champion DE. Late Quaternary geomagnetic secular variation from historical and14C-dated lava flows on Hawaii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/95jb02913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McFadden PL, Merrill RT, McElhinny MW, Lee S. Reversals of the Earth's magnetic field and temporal variations of the dynamo families. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/90jb02275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hagstrum JT, Champion DE. A Holocene paleosecular variation record from14C-dated volcanic rocks in western North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Channell JET. Geomagnetic excursions and paleointensities in the Matuyama Chron at Ocean Drilling Program Sites 983 and 984 (Iceland Basin). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bogue SW. Geomagnetic field behavior before and after the Kauai reverse-normal polarity transition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Channell JET. Geomagnetic paleointensity and directional secular variation at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 984 (Bjorn Drift) since 500 ka: Comparisons with ODP Site 983 (Gardar Drift). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kidane T, Carlut J, Courtillot V, Gallet Y, Quidelleur X, Gillot PY, Haile T. Paleomagnetic and geochronological identification of the Réunion subchron in Ethiopian Afar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Interpreting the paleomagnetic field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/gd028p0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Camps P, Prevot M. A Statistical Model of the Fluctuations in the Geomagnetic Field from Paleosecular Variation to Reversal. Science 1996; 273:776-9. [PMID: 8670413 DOI: 10.1126/science.273.5276.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The statistical characteristics of the local magnetic field of Earth during paleosecular variation, excursions, and reversals are described on the basis of a database that gathers the cleaned mean direction and average remanent intensity of 2741 lava flows that have erupted over the last 20 million years. A model consisting of a normally distributed axial dipole component plus an independent isotropic set of vectors with a Maxwellian distribution that simulates secular variation fits the range of geomagnetic fluctuations, in terms of both direction and intensity. This result suggests that the magnitude of secular variation vectors is independent of the magnitude of Earth's axial dipole moment and that the amplitude of secular variation is unchanged during reversals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Camps
- Laboratoire de Tectonique et Geophysique, Unite Associee au CNRS case 060, Universite de Montpellier 2, Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Peng L, King JW. A Late Quaternary geomagnetic secular variation record from Lake Waiau, Hawaii, and the question of the Pacific nondipole low. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jb03074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hoffman KA. Long-lived transitional states of the geomagnetic field and the two dynamo families. Nature 1991. [DOI: 10.1038/354273a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chauvin A, Gillot PY, Bonhommet N. Paleointensity of the Earth's magnetic field recorded by two Late Quaternary volcanic sequences at the Island of La Réunion (Indian Ocean). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/90jb02223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gunderson JA, Sheriff SD. A new Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic pole from the Adel Mountains, west central Montana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/90jb01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Diehl JF. The Elkhorn Mountains revisited: New data for the Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic field of North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jb00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Records of direct observations of the earth's magnetic field cover less than a ten-millionth ofthe known lifetime of the field. Thus our knowledge of several geomagnetic phenomena, critical to our understanding of the geodynamo, must come firom the paleomagnetic record. A combination of substantial advances during the past decade or so both in dynamo theory (previously the domain of the mathematician) and in paleomagnetism (previously the domain of the geologist) has led to provocative models of the earth's magnetic field and a better understanding of the geodynamo.
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Chauvin A, Roperch P, Duncan RA. Records of geomagnetic reversals from volcanic islands of French Polynesia: 2. Paleomagnetic study of a flow sequence (1.2–0.6 Ma) from the Island of Tahiti and discussion of reversal models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jb095ib03p02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tauxe L, Wu G. Normalized remanence in sediments of the western equatorial Pacific: Relative paleointensity of the geomagnetic field? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jb095ib08p12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Merrill RT, McFadden PL. Secular variation and the origin of geomagnetic field reversals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1029/jb093ib10p11589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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