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Kim YH, Yi YS, Kim HI, Chow P, Xiao Y, Shen G, Lee SK. Pressure-Driven Changes in the Electronic Bonding Environment of GeO 2 Glass above Megabar Pressures. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10025-10033. [PMID: 35616519 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Noncrystalline oxides under pressure undergo gradual structural modifications, highlighted by the formation of a dense noncrystalline network topology. The nature of the densified networks and their electronic structures at high pressures may account for the mechanical hardening and the anomalous changes in electromagnetic properties. Despite its importance, direct probing of the electronic structures in amorphous oxides under compression above the Mbar pressure (>100 GPa) is currently lacking. Here, we report the observation of pressure-driven changes in electronic configurations and their delocalization around oxygen in glasses using inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy (IXS). In particular, the first O K-edge IXS spectra for compressed GeO2 glass up to 148 GPa, the highest pressure ever reached in an experimental study of GeO2 glass, reveal that the glass densification results from a progressive increase of oxygen proximity. While the triply coordinated oxygen [3]O is dominant below ∼50 GPa, the IXS spectra resolve multiple edge features that are unique to topologically disordered [4]O upon densification above 55 GPa. Topological compaction in GeO2 glass above 100 GPa results in pronounced electronic delocalization, revealing the contribution from Ge d-orbitals to oxide densification. Strong correlations between the glass density and the electronic configurations beyond the Mbar conditions highlight the electronic origins of densification of heavy-metal-bearing oxide glasses. Current experimental breakthroughs shed light on the direct probing of the electronic density of states in high-Z oxides above 1 Mbar, offering prospects for studies on the pressure-driven changes in magnetism, superconductivity, and electronic transport properties in heavy-metal-bearing oxides under compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hyun Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yoo Soo Yi
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyo-Im Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Paul Chow
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yuming Xiao
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Guoyin Shen
- HPCAT, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sung Keun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Partitioning of Elements Between Mantle and Core Materials and Early Differentiation of the Earth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm067p0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Solomatov VS, Stevenson DJ. Nonfractional crystallization of a terrestrial magma ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92je02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fei Y, Mao HK. Static compression of Mg(OH)2to 78 GPa at high temperature and constraints on the equation of state of fluid H2O. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jb00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sherman DM. Equation of state and high-pressure phase transitions of stishovite (SiO2): Ab initio (periodic Hartree-Fock) results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jb00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Baumann C, Gerya TV, Connolly JAD. Numerical modelling of spontaneous slab breakoff dynamics during continental collision. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1144/sp332.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSlab detachment or breakoff is directly associated with phenomena like morphological orogenesis, occurrence of earthquakes and magmatism. At depth the detachment process is slow and characterized by viscous rheolgy, whereas closer to the surface the process is relatively fast and plastic. Using a 2D mantle model 1500 km deep and 4000 km wide we investigated, with finite-difference and marker-in-cell numerical techniques, the impact of slab age, convergence rate and phase transitions on the viscous mode of slab detachment. In contrast to previous studies exploring simplified breakoff models in which the blockage responsible for inducing breakoff is kinematically prescribed, we constructed a fully dynamic coupled petrological–thermomechanical model of viscous slab breakoff. In this model, forced subduction of a 700 km-long oceanic plate was followed by collision of two continental plates and spontaneous slab blocking resulting from the buoyancy of the continental crust once it had been subducted to a depth of 100–124 km. Typically, five phases of model development can be distinguished: (a) oceanic slab subduction and bending; (b) continental collision initiation followed by the spontaneous slab blocking, thermal relaxation and unbending – in experiments with old oceanic plates in this phase slab roll-back occurs; (c) slab stretching and necking; (d) slab breakoff and accelerated sinking; and (e) post-breakoff relaxation.Our experiments confirm a correlation between slab age and the time of spontaneous viscous breakoff as previously identified in simplified breakoff models. The results also demonstrate a non-linear dependence of the duration of the breakoff event on slab age: a positive correlation being characteristic of young (<50 Ma) slabs while for older slabs the correlation is negative. The increasing duration of the breakoff with slab age in young slabs is attributed to the slab thermal thickness, which increases both the slab thermal relaxation time and duration of the necking process. In older slabs this tendency is counteracted by negative slab buoyancy, which generate higher stresses that facilitate slab necking and breakoff. A prediction from our breakoff models is that the olivine–wadsleyite transition plays an important role in localizing viscous slab breakoff at depths of 410–510 km due to the buoyancy effects of the transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrill Baumann
- Department of Geosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH-Zurich), CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Taras V. Gerya
- Department of Geosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH-Zurich), CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Geology Department, Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - James A. D. Connolly
- Department of Geosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH-Zurich), CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Khan A, Connolly JAD. Constraining the composition and thermal state of Mars from inversion of geophysical data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Khan A, Connolly JAD, Olsen N. Constraining the composition and thermal state of the mantle beneath Europe from inversion of long-period electromagnetic sounding data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jb004270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stixrude L. Mineralogy and elasticity of the oceanic upper mantle: Origin of the low-velocity zone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jb002965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Karki BB, Wentzcovitch RM. First-principles lattice dynamics and thermoelasticity of MgSiO3ilmenite at high pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijaya B. Karki
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Renata M. Wentzcovitch
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
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Shim SH, Duffy TS, Shen G. The stability and P-V-T equation of state of CaSiO3perovskite in the Earth's lower mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sidorin I, Gurnis M, Helmberger DV. Dynamics of a phase change at the base of the mantle consistent with seismological observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Karason H. Compositional heterogeneity in the bottom 1000 kilometers of Earth's mantle: toward a hybrid convection model. Science 1999; 283:1885-8. [PMID: 10082455 DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5409.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Tomographic imaging indicates that slabs of subducted lithosphere can sink deep into Earth's lower mantle. The view that convective flow is stratified at 660-kilometer depth and preserves a relatively pristine lower mantle is therefore not tenable. However, a range of geophysical evidence indicates that compositionally distinct, hence convectively isolated, mantle domains may exist in the bottom 1000 kilometers of the mantle. Survival of these domains, which are perhaps related to local iron enrichment and silicate-to-oxide transformations, implies that mantle convection is more complex than envisaged by conventional end-member flow models.
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The stability of almandine at high pressures and temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/gm101p0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Geodynamically consistent seismic velocity predictions at the base of the mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/gd028p0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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18
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Illuminating the base of the mantle with diffracted waves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/gd028p0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Tackley PJ. Three-dimensional simulations of mantle convection with a thermo-chemical basal boundary layer: D″? THE CORE‐MANTLE BOUNDARY REGION 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/gd028p0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ita J, King SD. Sensitivity of convection with an endothermic phase change to the form of governing equations, initial conditions, boundary conditions, and equation of state. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zerr A, Boehier R. Melting of (Mg, Fe)SiO
3
-Perovskite to 625 Kilobars: Indication of a High Melting Temperature in the Lower Mantle. Science 1993; 262:553-5. [PMID: 17733237 DOI: 10.1126/science.262.5133.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The melting curves of two compositions of (Mg,Fe) SiO3-perovskite, the likely dominant mineral phase in the lower mantle, have been measured in a C02 laser-heated diamond cell with direct temperature measurements and in situ detection of melting. At 625 kilobars, the melting temperature is 5000 +/- 200 kelvin, independent of composition. Extrapolation to the core-mantle boundary pressure of 1.35 megabar with three different melting relations yields melting temperatures between 7000 and 8500 kelvin. Thus, the temperature at the base of the lower mantle, accepted to lie between 2550 and 2750 kelvin, is only at about one-third of the melting temperature. The large difference between mantle temperature and corresponding melting temperature has several important implications; particularly the temperature sensitivity of the viscosity is reduced thus allowing large lateral temperature variations inferred from seismic tomographic velocity anomalies and systematics found in measured velocity-density functions. Extensive melting of the lower mantle can be ruled out throughout the history of the Earth.
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Stixrude L, Hemley RJ, Fei Y, Mao HK. Thermoelasticity of Silicate Perovskite and Magnesiowüstite and Stratification of the Earth's Mantle. Science 1992; 257:1099-101. [PMID: 17840278 DOI: 10.1126/science.257.5073.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Analyses of x-ray-diffraction measurements on (Mg,Fe)SiO(3) perovskite and (Mg,Fe)O magnesiowüstite at simultaneous high temperature and pressure are used to determine pressure-volume-temperature equations of state and thermoelastic properties of these lower mantle minerals. Detailed comparison with the seismically observed density and bulk sound velocity profiles of the lower mantle does not support models of this region that assume compositions identical to that of the upper mantle. The data are consistent with lower mantle compositions consisting of nearly pure perovskite (>85 percent), which would indicate that the Earth's mantle is compositionally, and by implication, dynamically stratified.
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Ita J, Stixrude L. Petrology, elasticity, and composition of the mantle transition zone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jb00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Matsui M, Price GD. Simulation of the pre-melting behaviour of MgSiO3 perovskite at high pressures and temperatures. Nature 1991. [DOI: 10.1038/351735a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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