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Pitari G, Visconti G. Two-dimensional tracer transport: Derivation of residual mean circulation and eddy transport tensor from a 3-D model data set. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jd090id05p08019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jackman CH, Frederick JE, Stolarski RS. Production of odd nitrogen in the stratosphere and mesosphere: An intercomparison of source strengths. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jc085ic12p07495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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3
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Schauffler SM. Chlorine budget and partitioning during the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd002040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Moore FL. Balloonborne in situ gas chromatograph for measurements in the troposphere and stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jost H, Loewenstein M, Greenblatt JB, Podolske JR, Bui TP, Hurst DF, Elkins JW, Herman RL, Webster CR, Schauffler SM, Atlas EL, Newman PA, Lait LR, Wofsy SC. Mixing events revealed by anomalous tracer relationships in the Arctic vortex during winter 1999/2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Jürg Jost
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute Sonoma California USA
- NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field California USA
| | | | - Jeffery B. Greenblatt
- NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field California USA
- Now at Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - T. Paul Bui
- NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field California USA
| | - Dale F. Hurst
- NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA
| | - James W. Elkins
- NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Robert L. Herman
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA
| | | | | | - Elliot L. Atlas
- National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA
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Morgenstern O, Lee AM, Pyle JA. Cumulative mixing inferred from stratospheric tracer relationships. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Morgenstern
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Chemistry Department; Cambridge University; Cambridge UK
| | - Adrian M. Lee
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Chemistry Department; Cambridge University; Cambridge UK
| | - John A. Pyle
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Chemistry Department; Cambridge University; Cambridge UK
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Andrews AE, Boering KA, Wofsy SC, Daube BC, Jones DB, Alex S, Loewenstein M, Podolske JR, Strahan SE. Empirical age spectra for the midlatitude lower stratosphere from in situ observations of CO2: Quantitative evidence for a subtropical “barrier” to horizontal transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Flocke F, Herman RL, Salawitch RJ, Atlas E, Webster CR, Schauffler SM, Lueb RA, May RD, Moyer EJ, Rosenlof KH, Scott DC, Blake DR, Bui TP. An examination of chemistry and transport processes in the tropical lower stratosphere using observations of long-lived and short-lived compounds obtained during STRAT and POLARIS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Avallone LM, Prather MJ. Tracer-tracer correlations: Three-dimensional model simulations and comparisons to observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Bingham GE, Zhou DK, Bartschi BY, Anderson GP, Smith DR, Chetwynd JH, Nadile RM. Cryogenic Infrared Radiance Instrumentation for Shuttle (CIRRIS 1A) Earth limb spectral measurements, calibration, and atmospheric O3, HNO3, CFC-12, and CFC-11 profile retrieval. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Summers ME, Siskind DE, Bacmeister JT, Conway RR, Zasadil SE, Strobel DF. Seasonal variation of middle atmospheric CH4and H2O with a new chemical-dynamical model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zhou DK, Bingham GE, Rezai BK, Anderson GP, Smith DR, Nadile RM. Stratospheric CH4, N2O, H2O, NO2, N2O5, and ClONO2profiles retrieved from Cryogenic Infrared Radiance Instrumentation for Shuttle (CIRRIS 1A)/STS 39 measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Volk CM, Elkins JW, Fahey DW, Salawitch RJ, Dutton GS, Gilligan JM, Proffitt MH, Loewenstein M, Podolske JR, Minschwaner K, Margitan JJ, Chan KR. Quantifying Transport Between the Tropical and Mid-Latitude Lower Stratosphere. Science 1996; 272:1763-8. [PMID: 8662478 DOI: 10.1126/science.272.5269.1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Airborne in situ observations of molecules with a wide range of lifetimes (methane, nitrous oxide, reactive nitrogen, ozone, chlorinated halocarbons, and halon-1211), used in a tropical tracer model, show that mid-latitude air is entrained into the tropical lower stratosphere within about 13.5 months; transport is faster in the reverse direction. Because exchange with the tropics is slower than global photochemical models generally assume, ozone at mid-latitudes appears to be more sensitive to elevated levels of industrial chlorine than is currently predicted. Nevertheless, about 45 percent of air in the tropical ascent region at 21 kilometers is of mid-latitude origin, implying that emissions from supersonic aircraft could reach the middle stratosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- CM Volk
- C. M. Volk, G. S. Dutton, and J. M. Gilligan are with the Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO 80303, and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. J. W. Elkins is with NOAA/CMDL, Boulder, CO 80303, USA. D. W. Fahey is with the NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80303, USA. R. J. Salawitch and J. J. Margitan are with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. M. H. Proffitt is with the NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80303, and CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. M. Loewenstein, J. R. Podolske, and K. R. Chan are with the NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. K. Minschwaner is with the Department of Physics, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
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Minschwaner K, Dessler AE, Elkins JW, Volk CM, Fahey DW, Loewenstein M, Podolske JR, Roche AE, Chan KR. Bulk properties of isentropic mixing into the tropics in the lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Avallone LM, Prather MJ. Photochemical evolution of ozone in the lower tropical stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Rasch PJ, Boville BA, Brasseur GP. A three-dimensional general circulation model with coupled chemistry for the middle atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Strahan SE, Mahlman JD. Evaluation of the SKYHI general circulation model using aircraft N2O measurements: 2. Tracer variability and diabatic meridional circulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Minschwaner K, Salawitch RJ, McElroy MB. Absorption of solar radiation by O2: Implications for O3and lifetimes of N2O, CFCl3, and CF2Cl2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Khalil MAK, Rasmussen RA. The environmental history and probable future of fluorocarbon 11. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd02228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Solomon S, Mills M, Heidt LE, Pollock WH, Tuck AF. On the evaluation of ozone depletion potentials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Garcia RR, Stordal F, Solomon S, Kiehl JT. A new numerical model of the middle atmosphere: 1. Dynamics and transport of tropospheric source gases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Boughner RE, Callis LB, Natarajan M. Sensitivity of calculated odd nitrogen distributions to the diabatic wind fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Henderson GS, Evans WFJ, McConnell JC. Effects of initial active chlorine concentrations on the Antarctic ozone spring depletion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id02p01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Rinsland CP, Goldman A, Murcray FJ, Blatherwick RD, Kosters JJ, Murcray DG, Sze ND, Massie ST. Long-term trends in the concentrations of SF6, CHClF2, and COF2in the lower stratosphere from analysis of high-resolution infrared solar occultation spectra. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id10p16477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Podolske JR, Loewenstein M, Strahan SE, Chan KR. Stratospheric nitrous oxide distribution in the southern hemisphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id14p16767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Toon GC, Farmer CB, Schaper PW, Blavier JF, Lowes LL. Ground-based infrared measurements of tropospheric source gases over Antarctica during the 1986 Austral Spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id09p11613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Loewenstein M, Podolske JR, Chan KR, Strahan SE. Nitrous oxide as a dynamical tracer in the 1987 Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id09p11589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Parrish A, de Zafra RL, Jaramillo M, Connor B, Solomon PM, Barrett JW. Extremely low N2O concentrations in the springtime stratosphere at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Nature 1988. [DOI: 10.1038/332053a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Makide Y, Yokohata A, Tominaga T, Honda H, Kubo H, Itoh T. Vertical Profiles of CCl3F, CCl2F2, and CH4in the Stratosphere and Troposphere over Japan as Observed by Balloon Grab-Sampling and by Gas-Chromatographic Analysis. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1987. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.60.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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33
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Ehhalt DH. Equivalent displacement height and vertical eddy diffusion in the stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1029/jd092id11p13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Golombek A, Prinn RG. A global three-dimensional model of the circulation and chemistry of CFCl3, CF2Cl2, CH3CCl3, CCl4, and N2O. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/jd091id03p03985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Mahlman JD, Levy H, Moxim WJ. Three-dimensional simulations of stratospheric N2O: Predictions for other trace constituents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/jd091id02p02687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Cofer WR, Connors VS, Levine JS, Edahl RA. Day and night profiles of tropospheric nitrous oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/jd091id11p11911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Froidevaux L, Allen M, Yung YL. A critical analysis of CLO and O3in the mid-latitude stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1029/jd090id07p12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bamber D, Healey P, Jones B, Penkett S, Tuck A, Vaughan G. Vertical profiles of tropospheric gases: Chemical consequences of stratospheric intrusions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(84)90351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Ridley BA, Luu SH, Hastie DR, Schiff HI, McConnell JC, Evans WFJ, McElroy CT, Kerr JB, Fast H, O'Brien RS. Stratospheric odd nitrogen: Measurements of HNO3, NO, NO2, and O3near 54°N in winter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1029/jd089id03p04797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gidel LT, Crutzen PJ, Fishman J. A two-dimensional photochemical model of the atmosphere: 1. Chlorocarbon emissions and their effect on stratospheric ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1029/jc088ic11p06622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Cunnold DM, Prinn RG, Rasmussen RA, Simmonds PG, Alyea FN, Cardelino CA, Crawford AJ, Fraser PJ, Rosen RD. The Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment: 3. Lifetime methodology and application to three years of CFCl3data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1029/jc088ic13p08379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Harvath JJ, Frederick JE, Orsini N, Douglass AR. Nitric oxide in the upper stratosphere: Measurements and geophysical interpretation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1029/jc088ic15p10809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Garcia RR, Solomon S. A numerical model of the zonally averaged dynamical and chemical structure of the middle atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1029/jc088ic02p01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Cunnold DM, Prinn RG, Rasmussen RA, Simmonds PG, Alyea FN, Cardelino CA, Crawford AJ. The Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment: 4. Results for CF2Cl2based on three years data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1029/jc088ic13p08401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Gallagher CC, Forsberg CA, Fieri RV. Stratospheric N2O, CF2Cl2, and CFCl3composition studies utilizing in situ cryogenic, whole air sampling methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1029/jc088ic06p03798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Rinsland CP, Goldman A, Murcray FJ, Murcray DG, Smith MA, Seals RK, Larsen JC, Rinsland PL. Stratospheric N(2)O mixing ratio profile from high-resolution balloon-borne solar absorption spectra and laboratory spectra near 1880 cm(-1). APPLIED OPTICS 1982; 21:4351-4355. [PMID: 20401069 DOI: 10.1364/ao.21.004351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A nonlinear least-squares fitting procedure has been used to derive the stratospheric N(2)O mixing ratio profile from balloon-borne solar absorption spectra and laboratory spectra near 1880 cm(-1). The atmospheric spectra were recorded during sunset from a float altitude of 33 km with the University of Denver 0.02-cm(-1) resolution interferometer near Alamogordo, N.M. (33 degrees N), on 10 Oct. 1979. The laboratory data were used to determine the N(2)O line intensities. The measurements indicate an N(2)O mixing ratio of 264 ppbv near 15 km decreasing to 155 ppbv near 28 km.
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Cassidy DT, Reid J. Atmospheric pressure monitoring of trace gases using tunable diode lasers. APPLIED OPTICS 1982; 21:1185-1190. [PMID: 20389829 DOI: 10.1364/ao.21.001185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
High-sensitivity measurements of infrared absorptions due to isolated lines broadened by air at atmospheric pressure are reported. Tunable diode lasers and harmonic techniques were employed to detect absorptions as small as 0.01% over path lengths up to 250 m through the open air. The limiting noise source is caused by a base line signal which varies with the optical alignment. The reported sensitivity is not a fundamental limit. Techniques for further increasing sensitivity are discussed.
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