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Davis SM, Rosenlof KH, Hassler B, Hurst DF, Read WG, Vömel H, Selkirk H, Fujiwara M, Damadeo R. The Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database: a long-term database for climate studies. EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA 2016; 8:461-490. [PMID: 28966693 PMCID: PMC5619261 DOI: 10.5194/essd-8-461-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the construction of the Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database, which includes vertically resolved ozone and water vapor data from a subset of the limb profiling satellite instruments operating since the 1980s. The primary SWOOSH products are zonal-mean monthly-mean time series of water vapor and ozone mixing ratio on pressure levels (12 levels per decade from 316 to 1 hPa). The SWOOSH pressure level products are provided on several independent zonal-mean grids (2.5, 5, and 10°), and additional products include two coarse 3-D griddings (30° long × 10° lat, 20° × 5°) as well as a zonal-mean isentropic product. SWOOSH includes both individual satellite source data as well as a merged data product. A key aspect of the merged product is that the source records are homogenized to account for inter-satellite biases and to minimize artificial jumps in the record. We describe the SWOOSH homogenization process, which involves adjusting the satellite data records to a "reference" satellite using coincident observations during time periods of instrument overlap. The reference satellite is chosen based on the best agreement with independent balloon-based sounding measurements, with the goal of producing a long-term data record that is both homogeneous (i.e., with minimal artificial jumps in time) and accurate (i.e., unbiased). This paper details the choice of reference measurements, homogenization, and gridding process involved in the construction of the combined SWOOSH product and also presents the ancillary information stored in SWOOSH that can be used in future studies of water vapor and ozone variability. Furthermore, a discussion of uncertainties in the combined SWOOSH record is presented, and examples of the SWOOSH record are provided to illustrate its use for studies of ozone and water vapor variability on interannual to decadal timescales. The version 2.5 SWOOSH data are publicly available at doi:10.7289/V5TD9VBX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Davis
- NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Birgit Hassler
- NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dale F. Hurst
- NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - William G. Read
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Holger Vömel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Henry Selkirk
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA
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Jackman CH, Kaye JA, Guthrie PD. LIMS HNO3data above 5 mbar: Corrections based on simultaneous observations of other species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jd090id05p07923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gille JC, Russell JM. The Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere: Experiment Description, Performance, and Results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jd089id04p05125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Girard A, Louisnard N. Stratospheric water vapor, nitrogen dioxide, nitric acid and ozone measurements deduced from spectroscopic observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jd089id04p05109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lacis AA, Wuebbles DJ, Logan JA. Radiative forcing of climate by changes in the vertical distribution of ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id07p09971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Eluszkiewicz J, Allen M. A global analysis of the ozone deficit in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Drayson SR, Bailey PL, Fischer H, Gille JC, Girard A, Gordley LL, Harries JE, Planet WG, Remsberg EE, Russell JM. Spectroscopy and transmittances for the LIMS Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jd089id04p05141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Barnes RA, Bandy AR, Torres AL. Electrochemical concentration cell ozonesonde accuracy and precision. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jd090id05p07881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gille JC, Russell JM, Bailey PL, Gordley LL, Remsberg EE, Lienesch JH, Planet WG, House FB, Lyjak LV, Beck SA. Validation of temperature retrievals obtained by the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) Experiment on NIMBUS 7. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jd089id04p05147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Mlynczak MG, Mertens CJ, Garcia RR, Portmann RW. A detailed evaluation of the stratospheric heat budget: 2. Global radiation balance and diabatic circulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Deniel C, Dalaudier F, Chassefiére E, Bevilacqua RM, Shettle EP, Hoppel KW, Hornstein JS, Lumpe JD, Rusch DW, Randall CE. A comparative study of POAMII and electrochemical concentration cell ozonesonde measurements obtained over northern Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Shibata T, Iwasaka Y, Fujiwara M, Hayashi M, Nagatani M, Shiraishi KI, Adachi H, Sakai T, Susumu K, Nakura Y. Polar stratospheric clouds observed by lidar over Spitsbergen in the winter of 1994/1995: Liquid particles and vertical “sandwich” structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Connor BJ, Scheuer CJ, Chu DA, Remedios JJ, Grainger RG, Rodgers CD, Taylor FW. Ozone in the middle atmosphere as measured by the improved stratospheric and mesospheric sounder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bailey PL, Edwards DP, Gille JC, Lyjak LV, Massie ST, Roche AE, Kumer JB, Mergenthaler JL, Connor BJ, Gunson MR, Margitan JJ, McDermid IS, McGee TJ. Comparison of cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer (CLAES) ozone observations with correlative measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Crutzen PJ, Grooß JU, Brühl C, Müller R, Russell JM. A Reevaluation of the Ozone Budget with HALOE UARS Data: No Evidence for the Ozone Deficit. Science 1995; 268:705-8. [PMID: 17832384 DOI: 10.1126/science.268.5211.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recently, additional ozone production mechanisms have been proposed to resolve the ozone deficit problem, which arises from greater ozone destruction than production in several photochemical models of the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. A detailed ozone model budget analysis was performed with simultaneous observations of O(3), HCl, H(2)O, CH(4), NO, and NO(2) from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) under conditions with the strongest photochemical control of ozone. The results indicate that an ozone deficit may not exist. On the contrary, the use of currently recommended photochemical parameters leads to insufficient ozone destruction in the model.
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Siskind DE, Connor BJ, Eckman RS, Remsberg EE, Tsou JJ, Parrish A. An intercomparison of model ozone deficits in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere from two data sets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Manney GL, Froidevaux L, Waters JW, Zurek RW, Read WG, Elson LS, Kumer JB, Mergenthaler JL, Roche AE, O'Neill A, Harwood RS, Mackenzie I, Swinbank R. Chemical depletion of ozone in the Arctic lower stratosphere during winter 1992–93. Nature 1994. [DOI: 10.1038/370429a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Connor BJ, Siskind DE, Tsou JJ, Parrish A, Remsberg EE. Ground-based microwave observations of ozone in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Ménard J, Doyennette L, Ménard‐Bourcin F. Vibrational relaxation of ozone in O3–O2 and O3–N2 gas mixtures from infrared double‐resonance measurements in the 200–300 K temperature range. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.462675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Austin J. Toward the four dimensional assimilation of stratospheric chemical constituents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd02603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Remsberg EE, Bhatt PP, Miles T. A comparison of Nimbus 7 limb infrared monitor of the stratosphere and radiosonde temperatures in the lower stratosphere poleward of 60N. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Proffitt MH, Solomon S, Loewenstein M. Comparison of 2-D model simulations of ozone and nitrous oxide at high latitudes with stratospheric measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd02756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Abbas MM, Kunde VG, Brasunas JC, Herman JR, Massie ST. Nighttime reactive nitrogen measurements from stratospheric infrared thermal emission observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Flaud JM, Camy-Peyret C, Rinsland CP, Devi VM, Smith MA, Goldman A. Improved line parameters for ozone bands in the 10-microm spectral region. APPLIED OPTICS 1990; 29:3667-3671. [PMID: 20567467 DOI: 10.1364/ao.29.003667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A complete update of spectroscopic line parameters for the 10-microm bands of ozone is reported. The listing contains calculated positions, intensities, lower state energies, and air- and self-broadened halfwidths of more than 53,000 lines. The results have been generated using improved spectroscopic parameters obtained in a number of recent high resolution laboratory studies. A total of eighteen bands of (16)O(3) (sixteen hot bands plus the nu(1) and nu(3) fundamentals) are included along with the nu(1) and nu(3) fundamentals of both (16)O(16)O(18)O and (16)O(18)O(16)O. As shown by comparisons of line-by-line simulations with 0.003-cm(-1) resolution balloon-borne stratospheric solar spectra, the new parameters greatly improve the accuracy of atmospheric calculations in the 10-microm region, especially for the isotopic (16)O(16)O(18)O and (16)O(18)O(16)O lines.
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25
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Remsberg EE, Wu CY. Comparisons of satellite ozone data in the lower stratosphere for 1978/1979. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id05p06419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Froidevaux L, Allen M, Berman S, Daughton A. The mean ozone profile and its temperature sensitivity in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere: An analysis of LIMS observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id05p06389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Kaye JA, Rood RB. Chemistry and transport in a three-dimensional stratospheric model: Chlorine species during a simulated stratospheric warming. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id01p01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Shaffer WA, Kunde VG, Conrath BJ. Retrieval of constituent mixing ratios from limb thermal emission spectra. APPLIED OPTICS 1988; 27:3482-3491. [PMID: 20539403 DOI: 10.1364/ao.27.003482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An onion-peeling iterative, least-squares relaxation method to retrieve mixing ratio profiles from limb thermal emission spectra is presented. The method has been tested on synthetic data, containing various amounts of added random noise for O(3), HNO(3), and N(2)O. The retrieval method is used to obtain O(3) and HNO(3) mixing ratio profiles from high-resolution thermal emission spectra. Results of the retrievals compare favorably with those obtained by others.
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29
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Keating GM, Pitts MC, Brasseur G, De Rudder A. Response of middle atmosphere to short-term solar ultraviolet variations: 1. Observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1029/jd092id01p00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Abbas MM, Glenn MJ, Kunde VG, Brasunas J, Conrath BJ, Maguire WC, Herman JR. Simultaneous measurement of stratospheric O3, H2O, CH4, and N2O profiles from infrared limb thermal emissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1029/jd092id07p08343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Callis LB, Boughner RE, Lambeth JD. The stratosphere: Climatologies of the radiative heating and cooling rates and the diabatically diagnosed net circulation fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1029/jd092id05p05585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Wu MF, Geller MA, Olson JG, Larson EM. A study of global ozone transport and the role of planetary waves using satellite data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1029/jd092id03p03081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Matthews W, Keys J, Johnston P. Transport and photochemical effects seen in stratospheric NO2 amounts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(86)90029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Park JH, Carli B. Analysis of far-infrared emission Fourier transform spectra. APPLIED OPTICS 1986; 25:3490. [PMID: 18235652 DOI: 10.1364/ao.25.003490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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35
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Jackman CH, Stolarski RS, Kaye JA. Two-dimensional monthly average ozone balance from limb infrared monitor of the stratosphere and stratospheric and mesospheric sounder data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/jd091id01p01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Kaye JA, Jackman CH. Concentrations and uncertainties of stratospheric trace species inferred from limb infrared monitor of the stratosphere data: 1. Methodology and application to OH and HO2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/jd091id01p01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Natarajan M, Callis LB, Boughner RE, Russell JM, Lambeth JD. Stratospheric photochemical studies using Nimbus 7 data: 1. Ozone photochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/jd091id01p01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Solomon S, Kiehl JT, Kerridge BJ, Remsberg EE, Russell JM. Evidence for nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium in the ν3mode of mesospheric ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/jd091id09p09865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Kaye JA, Jackman CH. Concentrations and uncertainties of stratospheric trace species inferred from limb infrared monitor of the stratosphere data: 2. Monthly averaged OH, HO2, H2O2, and HO2NO2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/jd091id01p01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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Hilsenrath E, Attmannspacher W, Bass A, Evans W, Hagemeyer R, Barnes RA, Komhyr W, Mauersberger K, Mentall J, Proffitt M, Robbins D, Taylor S, Torres A, Weinstock E. Results from the balloon ozone intercomparison campaign (BOIC). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/jd091id12p13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Callis LB, Natarajan M, Boughner RE, Russell JM, Lambeth JD. Stratospheric photochemical studies using Nimbus 7 data: 2. Development of inferred trace specie distributions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/jd091id01p01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Stordal F, Isaksen ISA, Horntveth K. A diabatic circulation two-dimensional model with photochemistry: Simulations of ozone and long-lived tracers with surface sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1029/jd090id03p05757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Froidevaux L, Allen M, Yung YL. A critical analysis of CLO and O3in the mid-latitude stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1029/jd090id07p12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Gille JC, Smythe CM, Heath DF. Observed Ozone Response to Variations in Solar Ultraviolet Radiation. Science 1984; 225:315-7. [PMID: 17749562 DOI: 10.1126/science.225.4659.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During the winter of 1979, the solar ultraviolet irradiance varied with a period of 13.5 days and an amplitude of 1 percent. The zonal mean ozone values in the tropics varied with the solar irradiance, with an amplitude of 0.25 to 0.60 percent. This observation agrees with earlier calculations, although the response may be overestimated. These results imply changes in ozone at an altitude of 48 kilometers of up to 12 percent over an 11-year solar cycle. Interpretation of ozone changes in the upper stratosphere will require measurements of solar ultraviolet radiation at wavelengths near 200 nanometers.
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