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Schiff HI, Karecki DR, Harris GW, Hastie DR, Mackay GI. A tunable diode laser system for aircraft measurements of trace gases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id07p10147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schiff HI. Ground Based Measurements of Atmospheric Gases by Spectroscopic Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19920960315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Moreau G, Robert C, Catoire V, Chartier M, Camy-Peyret C, Huret N, Pirre M, Pomathiod L, Chalumeau G. SPIRALE: a multispecies in situ balloonborne instrument with six tunable diode laser spectrometers. APPLIED OPTICS 2005; 44:5972-89. [PMID: 16231805 DOI: 10.1364/ao.44.005972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The balloonborne SPIRALE (a French acronym for infrared absorption spectroscopy by tunable diode lasers) instrument has been developed for in situ measurements of several tracer and chemically active species in the stratosphere. Laser absorption takes place in an open Herriott multipass cell located under the balloon gondola, with six lead salt diode lasers as light sources. One mirror is located at the extremity of a deployable mast 3.5 m below the gondola, enabling the measurement of very low abundance species throughout a very long absorption path (up to 544 m). Three successful flights have produced concentration measurements of O3, CO, CO2, CH4, N2O, NO2, NO, HNO3, HCl, HOCl, COF2, and H2O2. Fast measurements (every 1.1 s) allow one to obtain a vertical resolution of 5 m for the profiles. A detection limit of a few tens of parts per trillion in volume has been demonstrated. Uncertainties of 3%-5% are estimated for the most abundant species rising to about 30% for the less abundant ones, mainly depending on the laser linewidth and the signal-to-noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Moreau
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte Recherche 6115, CNRS-Université d'Orléans, 3A Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orleans, France
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May RD, Forouhar S, Crisp D, Woodward WS, Paige DA, Pathare A, Boynton WV. The MVACS tunable diode laser spectrometers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Durry G, Megie G. Atmospheric CH4 and H2O monitoring with near-infrared InGaAs laser diodes by the SDLA, a balloonborne spectrometer for tropospheric and stratospheric in situ measurements. APPLIED OPTICS 1999; 38:7342-7354. [PMID: 18324282 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.007342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Spectromètre à Diodes Laser Accordables (SDLA), a balloonborne spectrometer devoted to the in situ measurement of CH(4) and H(2)O in the atmosphere that uses commercial distributed-feedback InGaAs laser diodes in combination with differential absorption spectroscopy, is described. Absorption spectra of CH(4) (in the 1.653-microm region) and H(2)O (in the 1.393-microm region) are simultaneously sampled at 1-s intervals by coupling with optical fibers of two near-infrared laser diodes to a Herriott multipass cell open to the atmosphere. Spectra of methane and water vapor in an altitude range of approximately 1 to approximately 31 km recorded during the recent balloon flights of the SDLA are presented. Mixing ratios with a precision error ranging from 5% to 10% are retrieved from the atmospheric spectra by a nonlinear least-squares fit to the spectral line shape in conjunction with in situ simultaneous pressure and temperature measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Durry
- Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace, Service d'Aéronomie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP 3, 91371 Verrières-le-Buisson Cedex, France.
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Yokelson RJ, Goode JG, Ward DE, Susott RA, Babbitt RE, Wade DD, Bertschi I, Griffith DWT, Hao WM. Emissions of formaldehyde, acetic acid, methanol, and other trace gases from biomass fires in North Carolina measured by airborne Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Scott DC, Herman RL, Webster CR, May RD, Flesch GJ, Moyer EJ. Airborne laser infrared absorption spectrometer (ALIAS-II) for in situ atmospheric measurements of N2O, CH4, CO, HCl, and NO2 from balloon or remotely piloted aircraft platforms. APPLIED OPTICS 1999; 38:4609-4622. [PMID: 18323948 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.004609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Airborne Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer II (ALIAS-II) is a lightweight, high-resolution (0.0003-cm(-1)), scanning, mid-infrared absorption spectrometer based on cooled (80 K) lead-salt tunable diode laser sources. It is designed to make in situ measurements in the lower and middle stratosphere on either a balloon platform or high-altitude remotely piloted aircraft. Chemical species that can be measured precisely include long-lived tracers N(2)O and CH(4), the shorter-lived tracer CO, and chemically active species HCl and NO(2). Advances in electronic instrumentation developed for ALIAS-I, with the experience of more than 250 flights on board NASA's ER-2 aircraft, have been implemented in ALIAS-II. The two-channel spectrometer features an open cradle, multipass absorption cell to ensure minimal contamination from inlet and surfaces. Time resolution of the instrument is <or=3 s, allowing rapid in situ measurements with excellent spatial resolution. ALIAS-II has completed successful balloon flights from New Mexico, Alaska, and Brazil providing CH(4) and N(2)O vertical profiles in the tropics, mid-latitudes, and high northern latitudes up to altitudes of 32 km.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Scott
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
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Sauke TB, Becker JF. Stable isotope laser spectrometer for exploration of Mars. PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE 1998; 46:805-812. [PMID: 11541820 DOI: 10.1016/s0032-0633(98)00014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
On Earth, measurements of the ratios of stable carbon isotopes have provided much information about geological and biological processes. For example, fractionation of carbon occurs in biotic processes and the retention of a distinctive 2-4% contrast in 13C/12C between organic carbon and carbonates in rocks as old as 3.8 billion years constitutes some of the firmest evidence for the antiquity of life on the Earth. We have developed a prototype tunable diode Laser spectrometer which demonstrates the feasibility of making accurate in situ isotopic ratio measurements on Mars. This miniaturized instrument, with an optical path length of 10 cm, should be capable of making accurate 13C/12C and 15N/14N measurements. Gas samples for measurement are to be produced by pyrolysis using soil samples as small as 50 mg. Measurements of 13C/12C, 18O/16O and 15N/14N have been made to a precision of better than 0.1% and various other isotopes are feasible. This laser technique, which relies on the extremely narrow emission linewidth of tunable diode lasers (<0.001 cm(-1)) has favorable features in comparison to mass spectrometry, the standard method of accurate isotopic ratio measurement. The miniature instrument could be ready to deploy on the 2003 or other Mars lander missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Sauke
- SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA
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Huang FT, Reber CA, Austin J. Ozone diurnal variations observed by UARS and their model simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kumer JB, Kawa SR, Roche AE, Mergenthaler JL, Smith SE, Taylor FW, Connell PS, Douglass AR. UARS first global N2O5data sets: Application to a stratospheric warming event in January 1992. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Roths J, Zenker T, Parchatka U, Wienhold FG, Harris GW. Four-laser airborne infrared spectrometer for atmospheric trace gas measurements. APPLIED OPTICS 1996; 35:7075-7084. [PMID: 21151311 DOI: 10.1364/ao.35.007075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe the four-laser airborne infrared (FLAIR) instrument, a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer designed for simultaneous high-sensitivity in situ measurements of four atmospheric trace gases in the troposphere. The FLAIR spectrometer was employed during the large-scale airborne research campaign on tropospheric ozone (TROPOZ II) in 1991 and was used to measure CO, H(2) O(2), HCHO, and NO(2) in the free troposphere where detection limits below 100 parts in 10(12) by volume were achieved.
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Roche AE, Kumer JB, Nightingale RW, Mergenthaler JL, Ely GA, Bailey PL, Massie ST, Gille JC, Edwards DP, Gunson MR, Abrams MC, Toon GC, Webster CR, Traub WA, Jucks KW, Johnson DG, Murcray DG, Murcray FH, Goldman A, Zipf EC. Validation of CH4and N2O measurements by the cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer instrument on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kumer JB, Mergenthaler JL, Roche AE, Nightingale RW, Ely GA, Uplinger WG, Gille JC, Massie ST, Bailey PL, Gunson MR, Abrams MC, Toon GC, Sen B, Blavier JF, Stachnik RA, Webster CR, May RD, Murcray DG, Murcray FJ, Goldman A, Traub WA, Jucks KW, Johnson DG. Comparison of correlative data with HNO3version 7 from the CLAES instrument deployed on the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schiff HI, Mackay GI, Bechara J. The use of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy for atmospheric measurements. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 1994. [DOI: 10.1163/156856794x00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Goldstein N, Adler-Golden SM. Long-atmospheric-path measurements of near-visible absorption lines of O(2) isotopes and H(2)O with a prototype AlGaAs laser transceiver system. APPLIED OPTICS 1993; 32:5849-5855. [PMID: 20856406 DOI: 10.1364/ao.32.005849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Near-visible absorption lines of ambient H(2)O vapor and normal and heavy isotopes of O(2) have been measured over atmospheric paths of up to 0.46 km by using two wavelength-modulated, line-locked AlGaAs laser sources with a retroreflector-telescope system. The absolute signal levels agree with theoretical calculations for the O(2) isotopes to within 2%, which is similar to the accuracy with which the column densities were known. Measurements of (16)O(2) linewidths and line strengths were made, and they agree with literature values to within experimental error. The detection sensitivity for (16)O(18)O was found to be 0.1 part in 10(6) atm. km, correspondingto an absorbance sensitivity of 1 × 10(-5). It is concluded that atmospheric trace-gas sensing will be feasible with this apparatus over distances of several kilometers and at levels under 1 part in 10(6).
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Podolske J, Loewenstein M. Airborne tunable diode laser spectrometer for trace-gas measurement in the lower stratosphere. APPLIED OPTICS 1993; 32:5324-5333. [PMID: 20856342 DOI: 10.1364/ao.32.005324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the airborne tunable laser absorption spectrometer, a tunable diode laser instrument designed for in situ trace-gas measurement in the lower stratosphere from an ER-2 high-altitude research aircraft. Laser-wavelength modulation and second-harmonic detection are employed to achieve the required constituent detection sensitivity. The airborne tunable laser absorption spectrometer was used in two polar ozone campaigns, the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment and the Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition, and measured nitrous oxide with a response time of Is and an accuracy ≤ 10%.
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Fried A, Henry B, Drummond JR. Tunable diode laser ratio measurements of atmospheric constituents by employing dual fitting analysis and jump scanning. APPLIED OPTICS 1993; 32:821-827. [PMID: 20802756 DOI: 10.1364/ao.32.000821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present two new approaches in tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) for measuring the ratio of two components with high precision. These techniques, dual line fitting analysis and jump scanning, greatly extend the versatility and applicability of TDLAS. Three important applications for these approaches are discussed. In addition, we demonstrate the capability to quantify features that are different in amplitude by a factor of 22.4 with a precision of 0.3%. Such a precision is also achieved for features that are different in amplitude by a factor of 12.9 and separated by 0.2363 cm(-1). Both jump scanning and dual line fitting analysis are being used on a routine basis in a laboratory kinetics study to measure simultaneously the concentrations of H(2)O and NO, whose features are separated by 0.4866 cm(-1).
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Bomse DS, Stanton AC, Silver JA. Frequency modulation and wavelength modulation spectroscopies: comparison of experimental methods using a lead-salt diode laser. APPLIED OPTICS 1992; 31:718-731. [PMID: 20720675 DOI: 10.1364/ao.31.000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) and one-tone and two-tone frequency modulation spectroscopy (FMS) are compared by measuring the minimum detectable absorbances achieved using a mid-IR lead-salt diode laser. The range of modulation and detection frequencies spans over 5 orders of magnitude. The best results, absorbances in the low-to-mid 10(-7) range in a 1-Hz bandwidth, are obtained by using high-frequency WMS (10-MHz detection frequency) and are limited by detector thermal noise. This sensitivity can provide species detection limits well below 1 part per billion for molecules with moderate line strengths if multiple-pass cells are used. High-frequency WMS is also tested by measuring the absorbance due to tropospheric N(2)O at 1243.795 cm(-1). WMS at frequencies < 100 kHz is limited by laser excess (1/f) noise. Both of the FMS methods, which require modulating the laser at frequencies >/= 150 MHz, give relatively poor results due to inefficient coupling of the modulation waveform to the laser current. The re ults obtained agree well with theory. We also discuss the sensitivity limitations due to interference fringes from unintentional étalons and the effectiveness of étalon reduction schemes.
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Fried A, Drummond JR, Henry B, Fox J. Versatile integrated tunable diode laser system for high precision: application for ambient measurements of OCS. APPLIED OPTICS 1991; 30:1916-1932. [PMID: 20700159 DOI: 10.1364/ao.30.001916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A versatile and integrated tunable diode laser system for high precision measurements of the important sulfur gas carbonyl sulfide is described. We explicitly address some of the-major factors affecting tunable diode laser measurement precision as well as accuracy and have implemented a number of new features for increased system control and versatility. The system described herein provides the capability for measuring ambient concentrations of this gas with a precision in the range from +/-0.3 to +/-1% over time periods of many hours. Such a precision provides us with an important new capability for measuring true spatial and temporal variations of carbonyl sulfide in the atmosphere.
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Silver JA, Bomse DS, Stanton AC. Diode laser measurements of trace concentrations of ammonia in an entrained-flow coal reactor. APPLIED OPTICS 1991; 30:1505-1511. [PMID: 20700312 DOI: 10.1364/ao.30.001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We used a single-mode Pb-salt diode laser to quantify in situ the amount of ammonia generated during pyrolysis of pulverized coal in an entrained-flow reactor at 1225 K. The combination of wavelength modulation spectroscopy, a Herriott style multiple pass cell, rapid wavelength scanning (to eliminate noise due to turbulence and vibration) and a novel etalon fringe suppression technique provided a minimum detectable absorbance of 2 x 10(-6) (SNR = 1, 1-Hz bandwidth) corresponding to 0.04-ppm ammonia at 1225 K. This is a 4-order-of-magnitude improvement over CO(2) laser based ammonia detectors and is approximately 2000 times more sensitive than electrochemical detection methods (for equal integration times).
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May RD, Webster CR. Balloon-borne laser spectrometer measurements of NO(2) with gas absorption sensitivities below 10(-5). APPLIED OPTICS 1990; 29:5042-5045. [PMID: 20577504 DOI: 10.1364/ao.29.005042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Albritton DL, Fehsenfeld FC, Tuck AF. Instrumental Requirements for Global Atmospheric Chemistry. Science 1990; 250:75-81. [PMID: 17808237 DOI: 10.1126/science.250.4977.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The field of atmospheric chemistry is data-limited, primarily because of the challenge of measuring the key chemical constituents in the global environment. Several recent advances, however, in rugged, portable, remotesensing, ground-based instrumentation and accurate, fast-response airborne instrumentation have provided powerful tools for the understanding of stratospheric ozone, particularly in polar regions. Current discoveries of the role of heterogeneous chemical processes point to the need for better techniques for characterization of stratospheric aerosols. In the troposphere, advances in in situ, sensitive methods for detecting reactive nitrogen compounds have demonstrated the role that these compounds have in controlling global oxidation processes, but better measurements of the reservoir species by which the long-ranged transport of pollutant-reactive nitrogen compounds is thought to occur are urgently needed. The role of hydrocarbons, particularly those of natural origin, in ozone formation in rural areas has focused attention on the requirement for better speciation of these ubiquitous compounds. Lastly, rigorous instrument intercomparison experiments have provided unbiased estimates of measurement capabilities.
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Webster CR, Sander SP, Beer R, May RD, Knollenberg RG, Hunten DM, Ballard J. Tunable diode laser IR spectrometer for in situ measurements of the gas phase composition and particle size distribution of Titan's atmosphere. APPLIED OPTICS 1990; 29:907-917. [PMID: 20562935 DOI: 10.1364/ao.29.000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A new instrument, the Probe Infrared Laser Spectrometer (PIRLS), is described for in situ sensing of the gas composition and particle size distribution of Titan's atmosphere on the NASA/ESA Saturn Orbiter/Titan Probe Cassini Mission. For gas composition measurements, several narrow bandwidth (0.0001 cm(-l)) tunable lead-salt diode lasers operating near 80 K at selected, mid-IR wavelengths (3-16 microm) are directed over a pathlength defined by a small reflector extending over the edge of the probe spacecraft platform; volume mixing ratios of 10(-9) should be measurable for several species of interest. A cloud particle size spectrometer using a diode laser source at 0.78 microm shares the optical path and deployed reflector; a combination of imaging and light scattering techniques will be used to determine sizes of haze and cloud particles and their number density as a function of altitude.
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Webster CR, May RD, Toumi R, Pyle JA. Active nitrogen partitioning and the nighttime formation of N2O5in the stratosphere: Simultaneous in situ measurements of NO, NO2, HNO3, O3, and N2O using the BLISS diode laser spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id09p13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Allen M, Delitsky ML. Stratospheric NO, NO2, and N2O5: A comparison of model results with Spacelab 3 Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id09p14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kawa SR, Fahey DW, Solomon S, Brune WH, Proffitt MH, Toohey DW, Anderson DE, Anderson LC, Chan KR. Interpretation of aircraft measurements of NO, ClO, and O3in the lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id11p18597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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McManus JB, Kebabian PL, Kolb CE. Atmospheric methane measurement instrument using a Zeeman-split He-Ne laser. APPLIED OPTICS 1989; 28:5016-5023. [PMID: 20555993 DOI: 10.1364/ao.28.005016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the construction of an atmospheric methane measurement instrument based on a Zeeman-split IR He-Ne laser. The laser has a transverse magnetic field over ~2/3 of its gain length and can oscillate at an (unsplit) frequency (2947.91 cm(-1)) centered on a methane absorption line, or on either of two frequencies split by +/-0.055 cm(-1)) from the center, with low CH(4)) absorption. The laser is tuned to dwell sequentially at each frequency, giving two differential absorption measurements in each 46-ms tuning cycle. Atmospheric measurements are made using two multiple pass absorption cells, one with fast (0.75-s) and one with slow (5-s) flow response times. Fluctuations in ambient CH(4)) of ~20-ppb (rms, 1-s averaging) are detected, with interference fringe effects the dominant noise source. The instrument has operated in a field experiment (NASA GTE/ABLE-3A) in Alaska.
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Durso SS, May RD, Tuchscherer MA, Webster CR. Frequency stability of a tunable diode laser mounted in a compact Stirling cycle cooler. APPLIED OPTICS 1989; 28:3791-3792. [PMID: 20555777 DOI: 10.1364/ao.28.003791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A tunable diode laser (TDL) has been operated with a compact lightweight closed-cycle Stirling cooler. The laser linewidth has been measured near 80 K and found to be about half of that when using more massive closed-cycle coolers. Novel applications include balloon-borne and aircraft- adapted instruments, where size, weight, and power requirements place stringent demands on necessary TDL cooling systems.
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May RD, Webster CR. In situ stratospheric measurements of HNO3and HCl Near 30 km using the balloon-borne laser in situ sensor tunable diode laser spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id13p16343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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May RD, McCleese DJ, Rider DM, Schofield JT, Webster CR. Tunable diode laser spectral diagnostic studies of a pressure modulator radiometer. APPLIED OPTICS 1988; 27:3591-3593. [PMID: 20539423 DOI: 10.1364/ao.27.003591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Kondo Y, Matthews WA, Aimedieu P, Robbins DE. Diurnal variation of nitric oxide at 32 km: Measurements and interpretation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1029/jd093id03p02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Roscoe HK. Comment on “An intercomparison of nitrogen-containing species in Nimbus 7 LIMS and SAMS data” by C. H. Jackman, P. D. Guthrie, and Jack A. Kaye. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1029/jd092id12p14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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