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Deshler T, Hofmann DJ, Hereford JV. Ozone profile measurements within, at the edge of, and outside the Antarctic polar vortex in the spring of 1988. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id07p10023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bardeen CG, Toon OB, Jensen EJ, Marsh DR, Harvey VL. Numerical simulations of the three-dimensional distribution of meteoric dust in the mesosphere and upper stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mills MJ. Photolysis of sulfuric acid vapor by visible light as a source of the polar stratospheric CN layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cziczo DJ, Thomson DS, Murphy DM. Ablation, flux, and atmospheric implications of meteors inferred from stratospheric aerosol. Science 2001; 291:1772-5. [PMID: 11230690 DOI: 10.1126/science.1057737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Single-particle analyses of stratospheric aerosol show that about half of the particles contain 0.5 to 1.0 weight percent meteoritic iron by mass, requiring a total extraterrestrial influx of 8 to 38 gigagrams per year. The sodium/iron ratio in these stratospheric particles is higher and the magnesium/iron and calcium/iron ratios are lower than in chondritic meteorites, implying that the fraction of material that is ablated must lie at the low end of previous estimates and that the extraterrestrial component that resides in the mesosphere and stratosphere is not of chondritic composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Cziczo
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
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Lou GP, Alyea FN, Cunnold DM, Kindler TP. N2O transport in a three-dimensional model driven by U. K. Meteorological Office winds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jónsson HH, Wilson JC, Brock CA, Dye JE, Ferry GV, Chan KR. Evolution of the stratospheric aerosol in the northern hemisphere following the June 1991 volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo: Role of tropospheric-stratospheric exchange and transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhao J, Toon OB, Turco RP. Origin of condensation nuclei in the springtime polar stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd03110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wilson JC, Jonsson HH, Brock CA, Toohey DW, Avallone LM, Baumgardner D, Dye JE, Poole LR, Woods DC, Decoursey RJ, Osborn M, Pitts MC, Kelly KK, Chan KR, Ferry GV, Loewenstein M, Podolske JR, Weaver A. In Situ Observations of Aerosol and Chlorine Monoxide After the 1991 Eruption of Mount Pinatubo: Effect of Reactions on Sulfate Aerosol. Science 1993; 261:1140-3. [PMID: 17790347 DOI: 10.1126/science.261.5125.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Highly resolved aerosol size distributions measured from high-altitude aircraft can be used to describe the effect of the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo on the stratospheric aerosol. In some air masses, aerosol mass mixing ratios increased by factors exceeding 100 and aerosol surface area concentrations increased by factors of 30 or more. Increases in aerosol surface area concentration were accompanied by increases in chlorine monoxide at mid-latitudes when confounding factors were controlled. This observation supports the assertion that reactions occurring on the aerosol can increase the fraction of stratospheric chlorine that occurs in ozone-destroying forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McFarland
- DuPont Chemicals/Fluorochemicals, Wilmington, DE 19898
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Wilson JC, Stolzenburg MR, Clark WE, Loewenstein M, Ferry GV, Chan KR, Kelly KK. Stratospheric sulfate aerosol in and near the northern hemisphere polar vortex: The morphology of the sulfate layer, multimodal size distributions, and the effect of denitrification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Granier C, Brasseur G. Impact of heterogeneous chemistry on model predictions of ozone changes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dye JE, Baumgardner D, Gandrud BW, Kawa SR, Kelly KK, Loewenstein M, Ferry GV, Chan KR, Gary BL. Particle size distributions in Arctic polar stratospheric clouds, growth and freezing of sulfuric acid droplets, and implications for cloud formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lin NH, Saxena VK. Characteristics of Antarctic stratospheric aerosols during the 1987 ozone depletion episode based on SAGE II satellite observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hofmann DJ, Deshler T. Stratospheric cloud observations during formation of the Antarctic ozone hole in 1989. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/90jd02494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Henderson GS, Evans WFJ, McConnell JC. Effects of initial active chlorine concentrations on the Antarctic ozone spring depletion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id02p01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cariolle D, Lasserre-Bigorry A, Royer JF, Geleyn JF. A general circulation model simulation of the springtime Antarctic ozone decrease and its impact on mid-latitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id02p01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jaramillo M, de Zafra RL, Barrett J, Emmons LK, Solomon PM, Parrish A. Measurements of stratospheric hydrogen cyanide at McMurdo Station, Antarctica: Further evidence of winter stratospheric subsidence? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id14p16773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hartmann DL, Heidt LE, Loewenstein M, Podolske JR, Vedder J, Starr WL, Strahan SE. Transport into the south polar vortex in early spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id14p16779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wilson JC, Loewenstein M, Fahey DW, Gary B, Smith SD, Kelly KK, Ferry GV, Chan KR. Observations of condensation nuclei in the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment: Implications for new particle formation and polar stratospheric cloud formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id14p16437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Loewenstein M, Podolske JR, Chan KR, Strahan SE. Nitrous oxide as a dynamical tracer in the 1987 Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id09p11589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Toon OB, Turco RP, Jordan J, Goodman J, Ferry G. Physical processes in polar stratospheric ice clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id09p11359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gandrud BW, Sperry PD, Sanford L, Kelly KK, Ferry GV, Chan KR. Filter measurement results from the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id09p11285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hofmann DJ, Harder JW, Rosen JM, Hereford JV, Carpenter JR. Ozone profile measurements at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, during the spring of 1987. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id14p16527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hofmann DJ, Rosen JM, Harder JW, Hereford JV. Balloon-borne measurements of aerosol, condensation nuclei, and cloud particles in the stratosphere at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, during the spring of 1987. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id09p11253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rosen JM, Hofmann DJ, Harder JW. Aerosol measurements in the winter/spring Antarctic stratosphere: 2. Impact on polar stratospheric cloud theories. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1029/jd093id01p00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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