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Fraser WT, Blei E, Fry SC, Newman MF, Reay DS, Smith KA, McLeod AR. Emission of methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and short-chain hydrocarbons from vegetation foliage under ultraviolet irradiation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:980-9. [PMID: 25443986 PMCID: PMC4964915 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The original report that plants emit methane (CH4 ) under aerobic conditions caused much debate and controversy. Critics questioned experimental techniques, possible mechanisms for CH4 production and the nature of estimating global emissions. Several studies have now confirmed that aerobic CH4 emissions can be detected from plant foliage but the extent of the phenomenon in plants and the precise mechanisms and precursors involved remain uncertain. In this study, we investigated the role of environmentally realistic levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in causing the emission of CH4 and other gases from foliage obtained from a wide variety of plant types. We related our measured emissions to the foliar content of methyl esters and lignin and to the epidermal UV absorbance of the species investigated. Our data demonstrate that the terrestrial vegetation foliage sampled did emit CH4 , with a range in emissions of 0.6-31.8 ng CH4 g(-1) leaf DW h(-1) , which compares favourably with the original reports of experimental work. In addition to CH4 emissions, our data show that carbon monoxide, ethene and propane are also emitted under UV stress but we detected no significant emissions of carbon dioxide or ethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley T Fraser
- School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
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2
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Castellanos P, Marufu LT, Doddridge BG, Taubman BF, Schwab JJ, Hains JC, Ehrman SH, Dickerson RR. Ozone, oxides of nitrogen, and carbon monoxide during pollution events over the eastern United States: An evaluation of emissions and vertical mixing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hellebrand HJ, Schade GW. Carbon monoxide from composting due to thermal oxidation of biomass. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2008; 37:592-598. [PMID: 18396545 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2006.0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) were observed from decomposing organic wastes and litter under laboratory, pilot composting plant, and natural conditions. Field studies included air from inside a compost heap of about 200 m3, emissions from composting of livestock wastes at a biologically operating farm, and leaf litter pile air samples. The concentration of CO was up to 120 micromol mol(-1) in the compost piles of green waste, and up to 10 micromol mol(-1) in flux chambers above livestock waste windrow composts. The mean CO flux rates were approximately 20 mg CO m(-2) h(-1) for compost heaps of green waste, and varied from 30 to 100 mg CO m(-2) h(-1) for fresh dung windrows. Laboratory studies using a temperature and ventilation-controlled substrate container were performed to elucidate the origin of CO, and included hay samples of fixed moisture content at temperatures between 5 and 65 degrees C, including nonsterilized as well as sterilized samples. The concentration of CO was up to 160 micromol mol(-1) in these experiments, and Arrhenius-type plot analyses resulted in activation energies of 65 kJ mol(-1) for thermochemically produced CO from the nonsterilized compost substrate. Sterilized samples showed dramatically reduced CO2 but virtually unchanged CO emissions, albeit at a slightly lower activation energy, likely a result of the high-temperature sterilization. Though globally and regionally these CO emissions are only a minor source, thermochemically produced CO emissions might affect local air quality in and near composting facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Hellebrand
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany.
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Galbally IE, Kirstine WV, Meyer CPM, Wang YP. Soil-atmosphere trace gas exchange in semiarid and arid zones. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2008; 37:599-607. [PMID: 18396546 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2006.0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A review is presented on trace gas exchange of CH4, CO, N2O, and NOx arising from agriculture and natural sources in the world's semiarid and arid zones due to soil processes. These gases are important contributors to the radiative forcing and the chemistry of the atmosphere. Quantitative information is summarized from the available studies. Between 5 and 40% of the global soil-atmosphere exchange for these gases (CH4, CO, N2O, and NOx) may occur in semiarid and arid zones, but for each of these gases there are fewer than a dozen studies to support the individual estimates, and these are from a limited number of locations. Significant differences in the biophysical and chemical processes controlling these trace gas exchanges are identified through the comparison of semiarid and arid zones with the moist temperate or wet/dry savanna land regions. Therefore, there is a poorly quantified understanding of the contribution of these regions to the global trace gas cycles and atmospheric chemistry. More importantly, there is a poor understanding of the feedback between these exchanges, global change, and regional land use and air pollution issues. A set of research issues is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian E Galbally
- CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, PB1 Aspendale Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
Numerous studies indicate that carbon monoxide (CO) participates in a broader range of processes than any other single molecule, ranging from subcellular to planetary scales. Despite its toxicity to many organisms, a diverse group of bacteria that span multiple phylogenetic lineages metabolize CO. These bacteria are globally distributed and include pathogens, plant symbionts and biogeochemically important lineages in soils and the oceans. New molecular and isolation techniques, as well as genome sequencing, have greatly expanded our knowledge of the diversity of CO oxidizers. Here, we present a newly emerging picture of the distribution, diversity and ecology of aerobic CO-oxidizing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
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Soil-Atmosphere Methane Exchange in Undisturbed and Burned Mediterranean Shrubland of Southern Italy. Ecosystems 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-004-0093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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King GM, Hungria M. Soil-atmosphere CO exchanges and microbial biogeochemistry of CO transformations in a Brazilian agricultural ecosystem. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:4480-5. [PMID: 12200303 PMCID: PMC124099 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.9.4480-4485.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although anthropogenic land use has major impacts on the exchange of soil and atmosphere gas in general, relatively little is known about its impacts on carbon monoxide. We compared soil-atmosphere CO exchanges as a function of land use, crop type, and tillage treatment on an experimental farm in Parãna, Brazil, that is representative of regionally important agricultural ecosystems. Our results showed that cultivated soils consumed CO at rates between 3 and 6 mg of CO m(-2) day(-1), with no statistically significant effect of tillage method or crop. However, CO exchange for a pasture soil was near zero, and an unmanaged woodlot emitted CO at a rate of 9 mg of CO m(-2) day(-1). Neither nitrite, aluminum sulfate, nor methyl fluoride additions affected CO consumption by tilled or untilled soils from soybean plots, indicating that CO oxidation did not depend on ammonia oxidizers and that CO oxidation patterns differed in part from patterns reported for forest soils. The apparent K(m) for CO uptake, 5 to 11 ppm, was similar to values reported for temperate forest soils; V(max) values, approximately 1 micro g of CO g (dry weight)(-1) h(-1), were comparable for woodlot and cultivated soils in spite of the fact that the latter consumed CO under ambient conditions. Short-term (24-h) exposure to elevated levels of CO (10% CO) partially inhibited uptake at lower concentrations (i.e., 100 ppm), suggesting that the sensitivity to CO of microbial populations that are active in situ differs from that of known carboxydotrophs. Soil-free soybean and corn roots consumed CO when they were incubated with 100-ppm concentrations and produced CO when they were incubated with ambient concentrations. These results document for the first time a role for cultivated plant roots in the dynamics of CO in an agricultural ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M King
- Darling Marine Center, University of Maine, Walpole, Maine 04573, USA.
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Kisselle KW. Seasonal soil fluxes of carbon monoxide in burned and unburned Brazilian savannas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Williams J, Fischer H, Hoor P, Pöschl U, Crutzen P, Andreae M, Lelieveld J. The influence of the tropical rainforest on atmospheric CO and CO2 as measured by aircraft over Surinam, South America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(00)00047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yonemura S, Kawashima S, Tsuruta H. Carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane uptake by soils in a temperate arable field and a forest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Priemé A, Christensen S. Methane uptake by a selection of soils in Ghana with different land use. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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King GM. Characteristics and significance of atmospheric carbon monoxide consumption by soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(99)00021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Etiope G. Subsoil CO
2
and CH
4
and their advective transfer from faulted grassland to the atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zepp RG, Miller WL, Tarr MA, Burke RA, Stocks BJ. Soil-atmosphere fluxes of carbon monoxide during early stages of postfire succession in upland Canadian boreal forests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zepp RG, Miller WL, Burke RA, Parsons DAB, Scholes MC. Effects of moisture and burning on soil-atmosphere exchange of trace carbon gases in a southern African savanna. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Conrad R. Soil Microbial Processes Involved in Production and Consumption of Atmospheric Trace Gases. ADVANCES IN MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7724-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Sanhueza E, Donoso L, Scharffe D, Crutzen PJ. Carbon monoxide fluxes from natural, managed, or cultivated savannah grasslands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sanhueza E, Cárdenas L, Donoso L, Santana M. Effect of plowing on CO2, CO, CH4, N2O, and NO fluxes from tropical savannah soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Müller JF. Geographical distribution and seasonal variation of surface emissions and deposition velocities of atmospheric trace gases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd02757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sanhueza E, Hao WM, Scharffe D, Donoso L, Crutzen PJ. N2O and NO emissions from soils of the northern part of the Guayana Shield, Venezuela. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id13p22481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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