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Crutzen PJ, Andreae MO. Biomass burning in the tropics: impact on atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles. Science 2010; 250:1669-78. [PMID: 17734705 DOI: 10.1126/science.250.4988.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 643] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biomass burning is widespread, especially in the tropics. It serves to clear land for shifting cultivation, to convert forests to agricultural and pastoral lands, and to remove dry vegetation in order to promote agricultural productivity and the growth of higher yield grasses. Furthermore, much agricultural waste and fuel wood is being combusted, particularly in developing countries. Biomass containing 2 to 5 petagrams of carbon is burned annually (1 petagram = 10(15) grams), producing large amounts of trace gases and aerosol particles that play important roles in atmospheric chemistry and climate. Emissions of carbon monoxide and methane by biomass burning affect the oxidation efficiency of the atmosphere by reacting with hydroxyl radicals, and emissions of nitric oxide and hydrocarbons lead to high ozone concentrations in the tropics during the dry season. Large quantities of smoke particles are produced as well, and these can serve as cloud condensation nuclei. These particles may thus substantially influence cloud microphysical and optical properties, an effect that could have repercussions for the radiation budget and the hydrological cycle in the tropics. Widespread burning may also disturb biogeochemical cycles, especially that of nitrogen. About 50 percent of the nitrogen in the biomass fuel can be released as molecular nitrogen. This pyrdenitrification process causes a sizable loss of fixed nitrogen in tropical ecosystems, in the range of 10 to 20 teragrams per year (1 teragram = 10(12) grams).
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Yao Z, Zhou Z, Zheng X, Xie B, Liu C, Butterbach-Bahl K, Zhu J. Effects of tillage during the nonwaterlogged period on nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions in typical Chinese rice-wheat rotation ecosystems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jg001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Li D, Wang X, Sheng G, Mo J, Fu J. Soil nitric oxide emissions after nitrogen and phosphorus additions in two subtropical humid forests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Brümmer C, Brüggemann N, Butterbach-Bahl K, Falk U, Szarzynski J, Vielhauer K, Wassmann R, Papen H. Soil-Atmosphere Exchange of N2O and NO in Near-Natural Savanna and Agricultural Land in Burkina Faso (W. Africa). Ecosystems 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-008-9144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Controls over nitric oxide and ammonia emissions from Mojave Desert soils. Oecologia 2008; 156:871-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-008-1031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang Q, Han Z, Higano Y. An inventory of nitric oxide emissions from soils in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2005; 135:83-90. [PMID: 15701395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 10/15/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The emission of NO was parameterized using empirical relationships with landuse type, fertilization rate and soil temperature. Eight landuse types (including four arable lands) were considered. Fertilization rates were distinguished for different regions and crops. A typical summer period of July in 1999 was chosen for detailed calculations. The total NO emission in the July is 141.1 Gg N, with 73.7% from arable lands and 22.0% from grasslands. The highest emission intensity can be more than 40 ng N m(-2) s(-1) in the heavily fertilized North China Plain, and the average of the whole lands is 6.5 ng N m(-2) s(-1). The annual emission was roughly estimated to be 657 Gg N, about 11.7% of the global total (5600 Gg N, reported by IPCC in 2000), and about 12.5% of the anthropogenic origin in China. Our results were compared with some earlier findings, and uncertainties were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin'geng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Pinto ADS. Soil emissions of N2O, NO, and CO2in Brazilian Savannas: Effects of vegetation type, seasonality, and prescribed fires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Maddock JEL, dos Santos MBP, Prata KR. Nitrous oxide emission from soil of the Mata Atlantica, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Galy-Lacaux C, Carmichael GR, Song CH, Lacaux JP, Al Ourabi H, Modi AI. Heterogeneous processes involving nitrogenous compounds and Saharan dust inferred from measurements and model calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Geyer A, Alicke B, Konrad S, Schmitz T, Stutz J, Platt U. Chemistry and oxidation capacity of the nitrate radical in the continental boundary layer near Berlin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Breuer L, Papen H, Butterbach-Bahl K. N2O emission from tropical forest soils of Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Skiba U, Smith K. The control of nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural and natural soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(00)00016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Li Y, Aneja VP, Arya SP, Rickman J, Brittig J, Roelle P, Kim DS. Nitric oxide emission from intensively managed agricultural soil in North Carolina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Otter LB, Yang WX, Scholes MC, Meixner FX. Nitric oxide emissions from a southern African savanna. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Prasad SS. Potential atmospheric sources and sinks of nitrous oxide: 2. Possibilities from excited O2, “embryonic” O3, and optically pumped excited O3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hall SJ, Matson PA, Roth PM. NOxEMISSIONS FROM SOIL: Implications for Air Quality Modeling in Agricultural Regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.energy.21.1.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon J. Hall
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Division of Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Pamela A. Matson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Division of Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Parsons DAB, Scholes MC, Scholes RJ, Levine JS. Biogenic NO emissions from savanna soils as a function of fire regime, soil type, soil nitrogen, and water status. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Levine JS, Winstead EL, Parsons DAB, Scholes MC, Scholes RJ, Cofer WR, Cahoon DR, Sebacher DI. Biogenic soil emissions of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from savannas in South Africa: The impact of wetting and burning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Potter CS, Matson PA, Vitousek PM, Davidson EA. Process modeling of controls on nitrogen trace gas emissions from soils worldwide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Le Roux X, Abbadie L, Lensi R, Serça D. Emission of nitrogen monoxide from African tropical ecosystems: Control of emission by soil characteristics in humid and dry savannas of West Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd01923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Harrison RM, Yamulki S, Goulding KWT, Webster CP. Effect of fertilizer application on NO and N2O fluxes from agricultural fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bouwman AF, Van der Hoek KW, Olivier JGJ. Uncertainties in the global source distribution of nitrous oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd02946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Groffman PM. A conceptual assessment of the importance of denitrification as a source of soil nitrogen loss in tropical agro-ecosystems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00750508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sanhueza E, Cárdenas L, Donoso L, Santana M. Effect of plowing on CO2, CO, CH4, N2O, and NO fluxes from tropical savannah soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stocker DW, Stedman DH, Zeller KF, Massman WJ, Fox DG. Fluxes of nitrogen oxides and ozone measured by eddy correlation over a shortgrass prairie. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cárdenas L, Rondón A, Johansson C, Sanhueza E. Effects of soil moisture, temperature, and inorganic nitrogen on nitric oxide emissions from acidic tropical savannah soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Skiba U, Hargreaves K, Fowler D, Smith K. Fluxes of nitric and nitrous oxides from agricultural soils in a cool temperate climate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Müller JF. Geographical distribution and seasonal variation of surface emissions and deposition velocities of atmospheric trace gases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd02757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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García-Méndez G, Maass JM, Matson PA, Vitousek PM. Nitrogen transformations and nitrous oxide flux in a tropical deciduous forest in México. Oecologia 1991; 88:362-366. [PMID: 28313797 DOI: 10.1007/bf00317579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/1991] [Accepted: 07/03/1991] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Emissions of nitrous oxide and soil nitrogen pools and transformations were measured over an annual cycle in two forests and one pasture in tropical deciduous forest near Chamela, México. Nitrous oxide flux was moderately high (0.5-2.5 ng cm-2 h-1) during the wet season and low (<0.3 ng cm-2 h-1) during the dry season. Annual emissions of nitrogen as nitrous oxide were calculated to be 0.5-0.7 kg ha-1 y-1, with no substantial difference between the forests and pasture. Wetting of dry soil caused a large but short-lived pulse of N2O flux that accounted for <2% of annual flux. Variation in soil water through the season was the primary controlling factor for pool sizes of ammonium and nitrate, nitrogen transformations, and N2O flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina García-Méndez
- Centro de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, 04510, México, D.F., México
| | - J Manuel Maass
- Centro de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, 04510, México, D.F., México
| | - Pamela A Matson
- Earth Systems Science Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, 94305, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Peter M Vitousek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA
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Scharffe D, Hao WM, Donoso L, Crutzen PJ, Sanhueza E. Soil fluxes and atmospheric concentration of CO and CH4in the northern part of the Guayana Shield, Venezuela. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id13p22475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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