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Cosgrove RB. On an electromagnetic calculation of ionospheric conductance that seems to override the field line integrated conductivity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7701. [PMID: 38565631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The ionospheric conductance is the major quantity that determines the interaction of the magnetosphere with the ionosphere, where the magnetosphere is the large region of space affected by Earth's geomagnetic field, and the ionosphere is its electrically conducting inner boundary, lying right on the edge of the atmosphere. Storms and substorms in space dissipate their energy through ionospheric currents, which heat the atmosphere and disrupt satellite orbits. The ionospheric conductance has, heretofore, been estimated using the staticized physics known as electrostatic theory, which finds that it can be computed by integrating the zero-frequency conductivity along the lines of Earth's geomagnetic field. In this work we test this supposition by deriving an electromagnetic solution for collisional plasma, and applying it to obtain a first-ever fully-electromagnetic calculation of ionospheric conductance. We compare the results to the field line integrated conductivity, and find significant differences on all scales investigated. We find short-wavelength, mode-mixing, and wave-admittance effects that were completely unexpected. When this theoretical result is matched with recent observational findings for the scale of the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling-interaction, there results a situation where small- to intermediate-scale effects really may contribute to global modeling of the Sun-Earth system.
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Ivarsen MF, St-Maurice JP, Hussey G, Spicher A, Jin Y, Lozinsky A, Goodwin LV, Galeschuk D, Park J, Clausen LBN. Measuring small-scale plasma irregularities in the high-latitude E- and F-regions simultaneously. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11579. [PMID: 37464008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The ionosphere, Earth's space environment, exhibits widespread turbulent structuring, or plasma irregularities, visualized by the auroral displays seen in Earth's polar regions. Such plasma irregularities have been studied for decades, but plasma turbulence remains an elusive phenomenon. We combine scale-dependent measurements from a ground-based radar with satellite observations to characterize small-scale irregularities simultaneously in the bottomside and topside ionosphere and perform a statistical analysis on an aggregate from both instruments over time. We demonstrate the clear mapping of information vertically along the ionospheric altitude column, for field-perpendicular wavelengths down to 1.5 km. Our results paint a picture of the northern hemisphere high-latitude ionosphere as a turbulent system that is in a constant state of growth and decay; energy is being constantly injected and dissipated as the system is continuously attempting an accelerated return to equilibrium. We connect the widespread irregularity dissipation to Pedersen conductance in the E-region, and discuss the similarities between irregularities found in the polar cap and in the auroral region in that context. We find that the effects of a conducting E-region on certain turbulent properties (small-scale spectral index) is near ubiquitous in the dataset, and so we suggest that the electrodynamics of a conducting E-region must be considered when discussing plasma turbulence at high latitudes. This intimate relationship opens up the possibility that E-region conductivity is associated with the generation of F-region irregularities, though further studies are needed to assess that possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus F Ivarsen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Jean-Pierre St-Maurice
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Glenn Hussey
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Andres Spicher
- Department of Physics and Technology, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Yaqi Jin
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adam Lozinsky
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lindsay V Goodwin
- Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Draven Galeschuk
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jaeheung Park
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Taejon, South Korea
- Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Taejon, South Korea
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Park CG, Dejnakarintra M. Penetration of thundercloud electric fields into the ionosphere and magnetosphere: 1. Middle and subauroral latitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja078i028p06623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Makela
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois USA
| | - M. C. Kelley
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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