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Is the early-onset torsion dystonia (EOTD) linked to TOR1A gene as frequent as expected in France? Neurogenetics 2008; 9:143-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-008-0123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Early-onset torsion dystonia is a severe generalized form of primary dystonia, with most cases caused by a specific mutation (ΔGAG) in the DYT1 gene encoding torsinA. This mutation is autosomal dominant and is thought to result in reduced torsinA activity. TorsinA is an AAA protein located in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope of most cells (with high levels in some brain neurons). It is thought to serve as a chaperone protein and/or a link between these membranes and the cytoskeleton. Other sequence variations in DYT1 can affect penetrance of the ΔGAG mutation and may be associated with more common, late-onset focal forms of dystonia. Animal models of DYT1 dystonia are emerging that will allow preclinical evaluation of drugs that can be used to prevent or treat this non-neurodegenerative neurologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kamm
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases & Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 27 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Laurie J Ozelius
- Associate Professor Bachmann Strauss Professor, Mount Sinai Medical School, One Gustave L Levy Place, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, 13th Street, Building 149, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
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