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Manoharan A, Farrell J, Aldilla VR, Whiteley G, Kriel E, Glasbey T, Kumar N, Moore KH, Manos J, Das T. N-acetylcysteine prevents catheter occlusion and inflammation in catheter associated-urinary tract infections by suppressing urease activity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1216798. [PMID: 37965267 PMCID: PMC10641931 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1216798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Proteus mirabilis is a key pathobiont in catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs), which is well known to form crystalline biofilms that occlude catheters. Urease activity alkylates urine through the release of ammonia, consequentially resulting in higher levels of Mg2+ and Ca2+ and formation of crystals. In this study, we showed that N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a thiol antioxidant, is a potent urease inhibitor that prevents crystalline biofilm formation. Methods To quantify urease activity, Berthelot's method was done on bacterial extracts treated with NAC. We also used an in vitro catheterised glass bladder model to study the effect of NAC treatment on catheter occlusion and biofilm encrustation in P. mirabilis infections. Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was performed on catheter samples to decipher elemental profiles. Results NAC inhibits urease activity of clinical P. mirabilis isolates at concentrations as low as 1 mM, independent of bacterial killing. The study also showed that NAC is bacteriostatic on P. mirabilis, and inhibited biofilm formation and catheter occlusion in an in vitro. A significant 4-8log10 reduction in viable bacteria was observed in catheters infected in this model. Additionally, biofilms in NAC treated catheters displayed a depletion of calcium, magnesium, or phosphates (>10 fold reduction), thus confirming the absence of any urease activity in the presence of NAC. Interestingly, we also showed that not only is NAC anti-inflammatory in bladder epithelial cells (BECs), but that it mutes its inflammatory response to urease and P. mirabilis infection by reducing the production of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1b. Discussion Using biochemical, microbiological and immunological techniques, this study displays the functionality of NAC in preventing catheter occlusion by inhibiting urease activity. The study also highlights NAC as a strong anti-inflammatory antibiofilm agent that can target both bacterial and host factors in the treatment of CA-UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthika Manoharan
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Infectious Disease, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica Farrell
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Whiteley Corporation, Tomago, NSW, Australia
| | - Vina R. Aldilla
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Greg Whiteley
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Whiteley Corporation, Tomago, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
| | - Erik Kriel
- Whiteley Corporation, Tomago, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate H. Moore
- Department of Urogynaecology, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jim Manos
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Infectious Disease, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Theerthankar Das
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Infectious Disease, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ogawa A, Furukawa S, Fujita S, Mitobe J, Kawarai T, Narisawa N, Sekizuka T, Kuroda M, Ochiai K, Ogihara H, Kosono S, Yoneda S, Watanabe H, Morinaga Y, Uematsu H, Senpuku H. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by Streptococcus salivarius FruA. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:1572-80. [PMID: 21239559 PMCID: PMC3067281 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02066-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral microbial flora consists of many beneficial species of bacteria that are associated with a healthy condition and control the progression of oral disease. Cooperative interactions between oral streptococci and the pathogens play important roles in the development of dental biofilms in the oral cavity. To determine the roles of oral streptococci in multispecies biofilm development and the effects of the streptococci in biofilm formation, the active substances inhibiting Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation were purified from Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 9759 and HT9R culture supernatants using ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analysis was performed, and the results were compared to databases. The S. salivarius HT9R genome sequence was determined and used to indentify candidate proteins for inhibition. The candidates inhibiting biofilms were identified as S. salivarius fructosyltransferase (FTF) and exo-beta-d-fructosidase (FruA). The activity of the inhibitors was elevated in the presence of sucrose, and the inhibitory effects were dependent on the sucrose concentration in the biofilm formation assay medium. Purified and commercial FruA from Aspergillus niger (31.6% identity and 59.6% similarity to the amino acid sequence of FruA from S. salivarius HT9R) completely inhibited S. mutans GS-5 biofilm formation on saliva-coated polystyrene and hydroxyapatite surfaces. Inhibition was induced by decreasing polysaccharide production, which is dependent on sucrose digestion rather than fructan digestion. The data indicate that S. salivarius produces large quantities of FruA and that FruA alone may play an important role in multispecies microbial interactions for sucrose-dependent biofilm formation in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Ogawa
- Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Nihon University of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan, Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Soichi Furukawa
- Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Nihon University of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan, Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuhei Fujita
- Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Nihon University of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan, Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jiro Mitobe
- Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Nihon University of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan, Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Taketo Kawarai
- Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Nihon University of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan, Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Narisawa
- Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Nihon University of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan, Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Nihon University of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan, Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Nihon University of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan, Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Ochiai
- Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Nihon University of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan, Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ogihara
- Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Nihon University of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan, Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Saori Kosono
- Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Nihon University of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan, Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Saori Yoneda
- Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Nihon University of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan, Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Haruo Watanabe
- Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Nihon University of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan, Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Morinaga
- Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Nihon University of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan, Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uematsu
- Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Nihon University of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan, Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Senpuku
- Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Bacteriology, Nihon University of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan, Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
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