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Håkonsholm F, Lunestad BT, Aguirre Sánchez JR, Martinez‐Urtaza J, Marathe NP, Svanevik CS. Vibrios from the Norwegian marine environment: Characterization of associated antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1093. [PMID: 32558371 PMCID: PMC7520990 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 116 Vibrio isolates comprising V. alginolyticus (n = 53), V. metschnikovii (n = 38), V. anguillarum (n = 21), V. antiquarius (n = 2), and V. fujianensis (n = 2) were obtained from seawater, fish, or bivalve molluscs from temperate Oceanic and Polar Oceanic area around Norway. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed resistance or reduced susceptibility to ampicillin (74%), oxolinic acid (33%), imipenem (21%), aztreonam (19%), and tobramycin (17%). Whole-genome sequence analysis of eighteen drug-resistant isolates revealed the presence of genes like β-lactamases, chloramphenicol-acetyltransferases, and genes conferring tetracycline and quinolone resistance. The strains also carried virulence genes like hlyA, tlh, rtxA to D and aceA, E and F. The genes for cholerae toxin (ctx), thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), or zonula occludens toxin (zot) were not detected in any of the isolates. The present study shows low prevalence of multidrug resistance and absence of virulence genes of high global concern among environmental vibrios in Norway. However, in the light of climate change, and projected rising sea surface temperatures, even in the cold temperate areas, there is a need for frequent monitoring of resistance and virulence in vibrios to be prepared for future public health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jaime Martinez‐Urtaza
- Department of Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)BarcelonaSpain
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Pericás JM, Zboromyrska Y, Cervera C, Castañeda X, Almela M, Garcia-de-la-Maria C, Mestres C, Falces C, Quintana E, Ninot S, Llopis J, Marco F, Moreno A, Miró JM. Enterococcal endocarditis revisited. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:1215-40. [PMID: 26118390 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Enterococcus species is the third main cause of infective endocarditis (IE) worldwide, and it is gaining relevance, especially among healthcare-associated cases. Patients with enterococcal IE are older and have more comorbidities than other types of IE. Classical treatment options are limited due to the emergence of high-level aminoglycosides resistance (HLAR), vancomycin resistance and multidrug resistance in some cases. Besides, few new antimicrobial alternatives have shown real efficacy, despite some of them being recommended by major guidelines (including linezolid and daptomycin). Ampicillin plus ceftriaxone 2 g iv./12 h is a good option for Enterococcus faecalis IE caused by HLAR strains, but randomized clinical trials are essential to demonstrate its efficacy for non-HLAR EFIE and to compare it with ampicillin plus short-course gentamicin. The main mechanisms of resistance and treatment options are also reviewed for other enterococcal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pericás
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Zboromyrska
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Cervera
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Castañeda
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Almela
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Garcia-de-la-Maria
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Mestres
- Cardiovascular Surgery Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Falces
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Quintana
- Cardiovascular Surgery Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Ninot
- Cardiovascular Surgery Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Llopis
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Marco
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Miró
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Conceição N, da Silva LEP, Darini ALDC, Pitondo-Silva A, de Oliveira AG. Penicillin-resistant, ampicillin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis of hospital origin: pbp4 gene polymorphism and genetic diversity. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 28:289-95. [PMID: 25445645 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the spread of penicillin-resistant, ampicillin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis (PRASEF) isolates in diverse countries, the mechanisms leading to this unusual resistance phenotype have not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether polymorphism in the pbp4 gene is associated with penicillin resistance in PRASEF isolates and to determine their genetic diversity. E. faecalis isolates were recovered from different clinical specimens of hospitalized patients from February 2006 to June 2010. The β-lactam minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by E-test®. The PCR-amplified pbp4 gene was sequenced with an automated sequencer. The genetic diversities of the isolates were established by PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) and MLST (multilocus sequencing typing). Seventeen non-producing β-lactamase PRASEF and 10 penicillin-susceptible, ampicillin-susceptible E. faecalis (PSASEF) strains were analyzed. A single-amino-acid substitution (Asp-573→Glu) in the penicillin-binding domain was significantly found in all PRASEF isolates by sequencing of the pbp4 gene but not in the penicillin-susceptible isolates. In contrast to the PSASEF isolates, a majority of the PRASEFs had similar PFGE profiles. Six representative PRASEF isolates were resolved by MLST into ST9 and ST524 and belong to the globally dispersed clonal complex 9 (CC9). In conclusion, it appears quite likely that the amino acid alteration (Asp-573→Glu) found in the PBP4 of the Brazilian PRASEF isolates may account for their reduced susceptibility to penicillin, although other resistance mechanisms remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Conceição
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lúcia da Costa Darini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Pitondo-Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gonçalves de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Billström H, Top J, Edlund C, Lund B. Frequent occurrence of multidrug-resistant CC17 Enterococcus faecium among clinical isolates in Sweden. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 108:1810-6. [PMID: 19878525 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To screen for the globally spread cluster of Enterococcus faecium, clonal complex 17 (CC17) and characterize the genetic profile of Swedish clinical Ent. faecium isolates. METHODS A total of 203 consecutive isolates collected from 2004 to 2007 from patients with bacteraemia in Sweden. All isolates were genotyped using multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and 20 isolates representing different MLVA types (MT) were chosen for multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Minimal inhibitory concentrations against clinically relevant antibiotics were determined with agar dilution. Presence of the virulence genes esp and hyl was investigated using PCR. RESULTS A total of 65% (n = 109) of all isolates belonged to MT-1, and the second most common MLVA type was MT-159 (13%, n = 21). MLST analysis confirmed the presence of CC17 during the entire study period. The number of isolates resistant to gentamicin and vancomycin, as well as the presence of hyl, increased significantly during the investigation period. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that nosocomial infections caused by Ent. faecium CC17 are commonly occurring in Sweden. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report of CC17 Ent. faecium in Sweden. The increase of antibiotic resistance and virulence indicates that these strains are further adapting to the hospital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Billström
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Billström H, Lund B, Sullivan Å, Nord CE. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance in clinical Enterococcus faecium. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 32:374-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pasticci MB, Mencacci A, Moretti A, Palladino N, Maria Lapalorcia L, Bistoni F, Baldelli F. In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Ampicillin-Ceftriaxone and Ampicillin-Ertapenem Combinations Against Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus faecalis with High Levels of Aminoglycoside Resistance. Open Microbiol J 2008; 2:79-84. [PMID: 19088915 PMCID: PMC2593043 DOI: 10.2174/1874285800802010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports on the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ampicillin-ceftriaxone and ampicillin-ertapenem combinations against five strains of E. faecalis with high-level aminoglycoside resistance recovered from blood of septicemic patients. Double disk diffusion test and time killing curves were used. A bacteriostatic synergistic effect between ampicillin and ceftriaxone was detected using the disk diffusion assay for three of the five enterococcal strains studied. With the same three isolates enhanced bactericidal activity was also observed using time killing experiments. Overall, for these three strains, after 24 hr of contact, a decrease >/= 2 log(10) from the initial bacterial inoculum was registered with most ampicillin-ceftriaxone combinations, reaching with some of them a colony reduction >/= 3 log(10). This bactericidal interaction was negatively influenced increasing the bacterial inoculum. In all five isolates neither a bacteriostatic nor a bactericidal cooperation was observed for ampicillin combined with 2 mg/l of ertapenem.This investigation broadened the evidence of antimicrobial synergism in vitro between ampicillin and ceftriaxone in selected strains of Enterococcus faecalis with high-level aminoglycoside resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bruna Pasticci
- Address correspondence to this author at the Infectious Disease Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Tel +390755784359; Fax +390755784334; E-mail:
| | - Antonella Mencacci
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amedeo Moretti
- Infectious Disease Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Palladino
- Infectious Disease Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Maria Lapalorcia
- Infectious Disease Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Bistoni
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Baldelli
- Infectious Disease Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Ueda Y, Kanazawa K, Eguchi K, Takemoto K, Eriguchi Y, Sunagawa M. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of SM-216601, a new broad-spectrum parenteral carbapenem. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 49:4185-96. [PMID: 16189097 PMCID: PMC1251534 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.10.4185-4196.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SM-216601 is a novel parenteral 1beta-methylcarbapenem. In agar dilution susceptibility testing, the MIC of SM-216601 for 90% of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains tested (MIC(90)) was 2 microg/ml, which was comparable to those of vancomycin and linezolid. SM-216601 was also very potent against Enterococcus faecium, including vancomycin-resistant strains (MIC(90) = 8 microg/ml). SM-216601 exhibited potent activity against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, with MIC(90)s of less than 0.5 microg/ml, and intermediate activity against Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The therapeutic efficacy of SM-216601 against experimentally induced infections in mice caused by S. aureus, E. faecium, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa reflected its in vitro activity and plasma level. Thus, SM-216601 is a promising candidate for nosocomial bacterial infections caused by a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including multiresistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ueda
- Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Konohana, Osaka, Japan.
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Metzidie E, Manolis EN, Pournaras S, Sofianou D, Tsakris A. Spread of an unusual penicillin- and imipenem-resistant but ampicillin-susceptible phenotype among Enterococcus faecalis clinical isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 57:158-60. [PMID: 16308417 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dki427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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El Amin N, Wretlind B. Ampicillin-sensitive, imipenem-resistant strains of Enterococcus faecium. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:738. [PMID: 11826015 PMCID: PMC153995 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.2.738.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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