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Wu S, Tan Y, Li F, Han Y, Zhang S, Lin X. CD44: a cancer stem cell marker and therapeutic target in leukemia treatment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354992. [PMID: 38736891 PMCID: PMC11082360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a ubiquitous leukocyte adhesion molecule involved in cell-cell interaction, cell adhesion, migration, homing and differentiation. CD44 can mediate the interaction between leukemic stem cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix, thereby inducing a cascade of signaling pathways to regulate their various behaviors. In this review, we focus on the impact of CD44s/CD44v as biomarkers in leukemia development and discuss the current research and prospects for CD44-related interventions in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yicheng Tan
- Laboratory Animal Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Hematology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanfan Li
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Hematology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixiang Han
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Hematology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Hematology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Parra ER, Jiang M, Machado-Rugolo J, Yaegashi LB, Prieto T, Farhat C, de Sá VK, Nagai MA, de Lima VCC, Takagaki T, Terra R, Fabro AT, Capelozzi VL. Variants in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Immune Checkpoint Genes Are Associated With Immune Cell Profiles and Predict Survival in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2020; 144:1234-1244. [PMID: 32150457 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0419-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Identification of gene mutations that are indicative of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and a noninflammatory immune phenotype may be important for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. OBJECTIVE.— To evaluate the utility of multiplex immunofluorescence for immune profiling and to determine the relationships among tumor immune checkpoint and epithelial-mesenchymal transition genomic profiles and the clinical outcomes of patients with nonmetastatic non-small cell lung cancer. DESIGN.— Tissue microarrays containing 164 primary tumor specimens from patients with stages I to IIIA non-small cell lung carcinoma were examined by multiplex immunofluorescence and image analysis to determine the expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) on malignant cells, CD68+ macrophages, and cells expressing the immune markers CD3, CD8, CD57, CD45RO, FOXP3, PD-1, and CD20. Immune phenotype data were tested for correlations with clinicopathologic characteristics, somatic and germline genetic variants, and outcome. RESULTS.— A high percentage of PD-L1+ malignant cells was associated with clinicopathologic characteristics, and high density of CD3+PD-1+ T cells was associated with metastasis, suggesting that these phenotypes may be clinically useful to identify patients who will likely benefit from immunotherapy. We also found that ZEB2 mutations were a proxy for immunologic ignorance and immune tolerance microenvironments and may predict response to checkpoint inhibitors. A multivariate Cox regression model predicted a lower risk of death for patients with a high density of CD3+CD45RO+ memory T cells, carriers of allele G of CTLA4 variant rs231775, and those whose tumors do not have ZEB2 mutations. CONCLUSIONS.— Genetic variants in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and immune checkpoint genes are associated with immune cell profiles and may predict patient outcomes and response to immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Roger Parra
- From the Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Parra, Jiang)
| | - Mei Jiang
- From the Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (Parra, Jiang)
| | - Juliana Machado-Rugolo
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry (Machado-Rugolo, Yaegashi, Prieto, Farhat, de Sá, Capelozzi)
| | - Lygia Bertalha Yaegashi
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry (Machado-Rugolo, Yaegashi, Prieto, Farhat, de Sá, Capelozzi)
| | - Tabatha Prieto
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry (Machado-Rugolo, Yaegashi, Prieto, Farhat, de Sá, Capelozzi)
| | - Cecília Farhat
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry (Machado-Rugolo, Yaegashi, Prieto, Farhat, de Sá, Capelozzi)
| | - Vanessa Karen de Sá
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry (Machado-Rugolo, Yaegashi, Prieto, Farhat, de Sá, Capelozzi).,The Department of Oncology, Clinicas Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil (de Sá, Nagai).,The Medical Oncology Department and Translational Immune-Oncology Group, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sã Paulo, Brazil (de Sá, de Lima)
| | - Maria Aparecida Nagai
- The Department of Oncology, Clinicas Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil (de Sá, Nagai)
| | - Vladmir Cláudio Cordeiro de Lima
- The Medical Oncology Department and Translational Immune-Oncology Group, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sã Paulo, Brazil (de Sá, de Lima)
| | - Tereza Takagaki
- The Division of Pneumology, Heart Institute (Incor) (Takagaki), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Terra
- The Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Cancer of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Terra).,The Department of Thoracic Surgery, Heart Institute (Incor), São Paulo, Brazil (Terra)
| | - Alexandre Todorovic Fabro
- The Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (Fabro)
| | - Vera Luiza Capelozzi
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry (Machado-Rugolo, Yaegashi, Prieto, Farhat, de Sá, Capelozzi)
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Abstract
All haemopoietic cell lineages arise from multipotential self-renewing stem cells that give rise to committed progenitor cells. These progenitor cells subsequently differentiate into more lineage-committed cells with a restricted range of plasticity. A hierarchical order is considered to exist, where lineage commitment and differentiation are thought to be irreversible. As cells differentiate, they gradually lose the ability to self-renew. The most primitive haemopoietic progenitor cells have the ability to reconstitute long-term haemopoiesis in myeloablated recipients. However, as cells differentiate, there is an orchestrated silencing of some genes and activation of others, resulting in lineage commitment and generally a reduction in proliferative ability. Here, we discuss potential differences between normal and leukaemic stem cells, some of which may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Blair
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, Bristol, UK.
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Martin TA, Harrison G, Mansel RE, Jiang WG. The role of the CD44/ezrin complex in cancer metastasis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2003; 46:165-86. [PMID: 12711360 DOI: 10.1016/s1040-8428(02)00172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a cell adhesion molecule that was traditionally known as 'homing receptor'. This molecule is known to interact with the ezrin family (ERM family) members and form a complex that plays diverse roles within both normal and abnormal cells, particularly cancer cells. CD44 and ezrin and their respective complex have properties suggesting that they may be important in the process of tumour-endothelium interactions, cell migrations, cell adhesion, tumour progression and metastasis. This article reviews the role of CD44, ezrin family and the CD44/ezrin complex in cancer cells and their clinical impact in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Martin
- Metastasis Research Group, University Department of Surgery, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, S. Wales CF14 4XN, UK.
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