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Singh A, Singh S, Soni V, Srivastava DK. A Comparative Study of Morphometric Analysis of Nucleolar Organizer Regions in Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Significance of AgNOR as a Diagnostic Tool. Cureus 2023; 15:e44228. [PMID: 37772250 PMCID: PMC10522962 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Silver stainable nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) have proven to exhibit utmost importance due to their higher occurrence in the nucleus especially in malignant cells than in normal. Thus, they assist in the examination of nucleolar structures and variations in nucleolar activity. Aim Quantitative and qualitative analysis in relation to the number and area of AgNOR in tissue sections of the normal oral mucosa (NOM), oral leukoplakia (OL), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was the main aim of the study. Materials & method A total of 50 cases comprising 20 OL with dysplasia, 20 OSCC cases, and 10 samples of normal oral mucosa were taken. Silver nitrate (Sol A) & gelatin (Sol B) solutions were freshly prepared for staining the lesional slides. Results The mean value of nuclear profile area (A Nuc) was comparatively higher in oral leukoplakia i.e. 41.97 and in oral squamous cell carcinoma i.e. 62.36 in comparison to the control group where it was 36.19. The mean value of a single AgNOR profile area per nucleus (A NOR) was found to be comparatively lower in both study groups i.e. oral leukoplakia (2.76) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (1.61) in comparison to the control group (3.45) . The mean value of total AgNOR profile area per nucleus (TA NOR) and the number of profiles of AgNORs per nucleus (n NOR) were found higher in both study groups (oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma) as compared to normal oral mucosa of the control group. However, the findings of all four parameters of morphometric analysis were found to be significantly associated with disorder of oral mucosa i.e. cases of oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (P value <0.01). Conclusion It can thus be suggested that the mean AgNOR count displayed a higher value in OSCC. Hence, the number of AgNORs in nuclei increases as epithelial cells undergo malignant transformation which is designated that mean AgNOR count may contribute to establishing the prognosis of a lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Singh
- Dentistry, Prasad Institute of Medical Science and Hospital, Lucknow, IND
| | - Shalini Singh
- Preventive Medicine, Baba Raghav Das (BRD) Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Virendra Soni
- Preventive Medicine, Baba Raghav Das (BRD) Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
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Iqbal A, Tamgadge S, Tamgadge A, Pereira T, Kumar S, Acharya S, Jadhav A. Evaluation of Ki-67 Expression in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Its Correlation with Clinical and Histopathological Features. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2019; 8:20-24. [PMID: 32166060 PMCID: PMC7045623 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_28_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder. Although it shows atrophic epithelium, it has a high proliferative capacity. Therefore, this study correlates the Ki-67. (The name “ki” is derived from the city of origin [Kiel, Germany] expression with functional grading and epithelial thickness in OSMF). Methods: The study group comprised of thirty patients of OSMF, divided randomly into Group A, Group B, Group C, and Group D as per mouth opening (functional staging). Five participants without OSMF formed the negative control group. The positive control group comprised of five patients of diagnosed cases of squamous cell carcinoma. All the sections of biopsy were subjected for hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry staining and observed for expression of Ki-67. Epithelial thickness was evaluated using image analysis software of Leica research microscope. Images were analyzed by three independent observers who were blindfolded. All the findings were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: In the present study, as the functional staging increased, the Ki-67 expression also increased. Ki-67 expression was highest in severe functional staging/severely decreased mouth opening (100.78) and is least in mild functional staging/mild decreased mouth opening (10.39). However, there was no significant correlation between epithelial thickness and functional staging/mouth opening (P > 0.05). Conclusion: A decrease in functional staging (mouth opening) showed a greater expression of Ki-67, and there was no significant correlation between functional staging and epithelial thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, D. Y. Patil Deemed to be University School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandhya Tamgadge
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, D. Y. Patil Deemed to be University School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash Tamgadge
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, D. Y. Patil Deemed to be University School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Treville Pereira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, D. Y. Patil Deemed to be University School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sourab Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, D. Y. Patil Deemed to be University School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddarth Acharya
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, D. Y. Patil University School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhishek Jadhav
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, D. Y. Patil Deemed to be University School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Rao DS, Ali IM, Annigeri RG. Evaluation of diagnostic value of AgNOR and PAP in early detection of dysplastic changes in leukoplakia and lichen planus - a preliminary case-control study. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:56-60. [PMID: 27238079 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Early detection of oral cancer has been the most effective approach to reduce morbidity and mortality of cancer patients. If a lesion is clinically considered suspicious, an easily practicable, non-invasive, painless, safe, and accurate screening method for detection of the dysplastic changes is necessary. In an attempt to procure this, a study was conducted with the aim of determining the diagnostic accuracy of rapid Papanicolaou stain (PAP) and silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) in brush biopsies of potentially malignant lesions for early detection of oral cancer. METHODOLOGY Brush biopsies taken from 25 cases of leukoplakia and lichen planus each were stained with rapid PAP and silver nitrate stains. Histopathological correlation was performed and further compared with rapid PAP and AgNOR for its diagnostic validity. RESULTS Statistically significant increase in the mean AgNOR count was seen from normal epithelium to lichen planus to that of leukoplakia. When compared with rapid PAP, a linear correlation was seen in AgNOR counts and stages of dysplasia in leukoplakia which was also found to be statistically significant. Diagnostic accuracy for AgNOR in leukoplakia was found to be 84%, lichen planus 73%, whereas RAPID PAP showed 72% accuracy. CONCLUSION AgNOR analysis may be useful as a quantitative marker of incipient cellular alterations and hence would be helpful in assessing suspicious lesions and thus can be regarded as a valuable adjunct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya S Rao
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, A J institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - I M Ali
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajeshwari G Annigeri
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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Ray JG, Ranganathan K, Chattopadhyay A. Malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis: overview of histopathological aspects. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 122:200-9. [PMID: 27422418 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), first described in 1952, is a potentially malignant disorder associated with betel quid and areca nut chewing, mostly prevalent in the population of the Indian subcontinent and South East Asia. Malignant transformation of OSF to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been estimated to be between 2% and 8%. Our study aimed to review the histopathologic changes that contribute to the understanding of the malignant transformation of OSF. Changes in epithelial thickness and dysplasia characterized by micronuclei, altered AgNOR counts and distribution, keratin protein alteration, and alteration of P63 and E-cadherin characterize the epithelial changes during the transformation of OSF to SCC. Common mechanisms have been proposed to be involved in OSF and SCC, through collagen maturation and their interaction with myofibroblasts and mast cells. Fibrosis-driven vascular constriction that results in epithelial hypoxia has also been proposed as an important mechanism for the malignant transformation of OSF. However, reassessment of the classical view is required, because with demonstration of large blood vasculature in the connective tissue stroma of OSF, the hypothesis associated with tissue hypoxia-induced malignant transformation of OSF can be questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Gopal Ray
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kannan Ranganathan
- Professor and Head, Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Uthandi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amit Chattopadhyay
- Adj. Professor of Oral Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Gonzalez Segura I, Secchi D, Carrica A, Barello R, Arbelo D, Burgos A, Brunotto M, Zarate AM. Exfoliative cytology as a tool for monitoring pre-malignant and malignant lesions based on combined stains and morphometry techniques. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:178-84. [PMID: 25065639 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention and early diagnosis have the greatest potential for public health and are the most effective method in the long-term to control oral cancer. The aim was to apply PAP staining together with AgNOR staining and morphometric analysis in oral exfoliative cytology, to determine the sensitivity and specificity of these methods in the detection of malignant changes for the purposes of both initial population monitoring and follow-up. METHODS AgNOR, Papanicolau, and morphometric tests were conducted in samples of patients with oral cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders and controls (opposite side of lesions). Specificity and sensitivity values for each stain method and the curve under ROC area were estimated. RESULTS The diagnostic variables which allowed greatest accuracy in identifying malignancy relative to the healthy control were cluster (76.92%), satellite (75.64%), and total (90%). The diagnosis was seen to be associated with PAP and total AgNOR, total AgNOR and PAP, total AgNOR and satellites and clusters, and total AgNOR nuclear area/cytoplasmic area ratio. CONCLUSIONS The total number of AgNOR is a reliable marker for detecting neoplastic cells; this method increases sensitivity and specificity by decreasing the likelihood of false negatives or positives, as the accuracy obtained was 90%. It is also a low-cost, non-invasive, simple methodology that can be recommended to help the early detection of oral cancer and monitoring of patients with a first diagnosis of cancer.
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Silver binding nucleolar organizer regions dots in oral leukoplakia with epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma: an in vivo study. ISRN DENTISTRY 2014; 2014:479187. [PMID: 24944820 PMCID: PMC4040188 DOI: 10.1155/2014/479187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Silver binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) in normal oral mucosa (NOM), oral leukoplakia with epithelial dysplasia (ED), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were studied. The mean AgNOR count per nucleus increased from NOM to ED to OSCC. Tissue showing ED in oral leukoplakia and OSCC cases showed higher counts, wider scatter, and smaller size of AgNOR dots in the nuclei. The study seems to suggest that time method has some potential in distinguishing between NOM and oral leukoplakia with ED and OSCC. Studies of larger numbers are needed to arrive at more substantial conclusions.
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Garg KN, Raj V, Chandra S. Evaluation of the efficacy of AgNOR as a proliferative marker in oral leukoplakia: A morphometric analysis. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2013; 4:40-5. [PMID: 24163551 PMCID: PMC3800383 DOI: 10.4103/0975-5950.117880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Silver stainable nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) are replicatory markers which may have a place in objectively characterizing dysplasia. Materials and Methods: A study of various morphometric parameters related to AgNORs was performed in basal and parabasal layers of normal human oral epithelium, nondysplastic leukoplakia, and dysplastic leukoplakia employing photomicrographs of silver stained paraffin embedded sections using image analysis, to assess the usefulness of these parameters in distinguishing dysplastic leukoplakia from nondysplastic oral leukoplakia. Results: Out of various mean AgNOR related parameters, AgNOR count, area, perimeter, and proportion were found to be higher in dysplastic leukoplakia as compared to nondysplastic leukoplakia. On statistical analysis, AgNOR count showed statistically significant differentiation between dysplastic and nondysplastic leukoplakia. While other parameters can distinguish normal oral epithelium from dysplastic and nondysplastic leukoplakia. Conclusion: To conclude, the AgNOR count is the most appropriate marker to differentiate between dysplastic and nondysplastic leukoplakia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Nitish Garg
- Department of Oral Pathology, King George's Medical University (Erstwhile KGMC), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Evaluation of Proliferation Activity in Dysplastic and Nondysplastic Oral Lichen Planus Through the Analysis of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions. J Craniofac Surg 2013; 24:788-91. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e31828b6e0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Arduino PG, Bagan J, El-Naggar AK, Carrozzo M. Urban legends series: oral leukoplakia. Oral Dis 2013; 19:642-59. [PMID: 23379968 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, the term oral leukoplakia (OL) should be used to recognize 'predominantly white plaques of questionable risk, having excluded (other) known diseases or disorders that carry no increased risk of cancer'. In this review, we addressed four controversial topics regarding oral leukoplakias (OLs): (i) Do tobacco and alcohol cause OLs?, (ii) What percentage of OLs transform into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)?, (iii) Can we distinguish between premalignant and innocent OLs?, and (iv) Is proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) a specific entity or just a form of multifocal leukoplakia? Results of extensive literature search suggest that (i) no definitive evidence for direct causal relationship between smoked tobacco and alcohol as causative factors of OLs, (ii and iii) the vast majority of OLs follow a benign course and do not progress into a cancer, and no widely accepted and/or validated clinical and/or biological factors can predict malignant transformation, and (iv) the distinction between multifocal/multiple leukoplakias and PVL in their early presentation is impossible; the temporal clinical progression and the high rate of recurrences and development of cancer of PVL are the most reliable features for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Arduino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral Medicine Section, Lingotto Dental School, University of Turin, Italy.
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Kalmar JR. Advances in the detection and diagnosis of oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2012; 18:465-82. [PMID: 18088846 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2006.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John R Kalmar
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, 305 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Chandak AR, Gadbail AR, Chaudhary MS, Chandak SA, Wadhwani R. Actual proliferating index in oral squamous cell carcinoma and leukoplakia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 2:176-83. [PMID: 25426788 DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1626.2011.00057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the possible association between epithelial proliferation and disease progression in the oral mucosa using the actual proliferation index. METHODS The actual proliferation index was measured by the Ki-67 labeling index and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region count per nucleus. Immunohistochemistry was carried out for Ki-67 by using the molecular immunology borstel-1 clone in 20 leukoplakias, 20 oral squamous cell carcinomas, and 10 normal oral mucosae. RESULTS The argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region count per nucleus, Ki-67 labeling index, and actual proliferation index were significantly higher in oral squamous cell carcinoma, followed by leukoplakia and normal oral mucosa. Leukoplakia with dysplasia showed a significantly higher Ki-67 labeling index and actual proliferation index, compared to leukoplakia without dysphasia. There was a significant correlation of Bryne's histological malignancy grading with the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region count and the Ki-67 labeling index. There was a significant positive correlation between the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region count and the Ki-67 labeling index among all groups. CONCLUSIONS Leukoplakia or suspected epithelial dysplasia should be stained for argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions and Ki-67. The actual proliferation index is not only useful as a prognostic factor, but could also be a promising treatment determining modality for patients with premalignant and malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay R Chandak
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Jamanlal Goenka Dental College and Hospital, Akola, Maharashtra, India
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Fontes PC, Corrêa GHM, Issa JS, Brandão AAH, Almeida JD. Comparison of exfoliative pap stain and AgNOR counts of the tongue in smokers and nonsmokers. Head Neck Pathol 2008; 2:157-62. [PMID: 20614310 PMCID: PMC2807565 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-008-0059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare exfoliative cytology from the oral mucosa of smokers and nonsmokers, with emphasis on proliferative activity. METHODS Exfoliative cytology specimens were obtained from clinical normal mucosa from the lateral border of the tongue in 30 nonsmokers and 30 smokers ranging in age from 40 to 70 years of age, who were seen at the Heart Institute's Patient Center and the Smoking Cessation Program of the University Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School (InCor-HCFMUSP). The cytologic specimens were evaluated by Papanicolaou staining and AgNOR quantification in order to evaluate the presence of cytological alterations suggestive of inflammation, dysplasia, keratinization, and proliferative activity of epithelial cells. RESULTS Only Papanicolaou Class I and Class II smears were observed. Inflammatory alterations were found in 90% of smokers and in 87% of nonsmokers. The number of AgNORs/nucleus differed significantly between smokers and nonsmokers (3.372 +/- 0.375 versus 2.732 +/- 0.236). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this research, the results indicate higher proliferative activity in smoking patients compared to nonsmoking patients, even in the absence of clinical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Campos Fontes
- Postgraduation Program in Oral Biopathology, São José dos Campos Dental School, UNESP – São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jaqueline Scholz Issa
- Smoking Cessation Program, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Adriana Aigotti Haberbeck Brandão
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São José dos Campos Dental School, UNESP – São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, Av. Francisco José Longo, 777 São Dimas, Sao Paulo, 12245-000 Brazil
| | - Janete Dias Almeida
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São José dos Campos Dental School, UNESP – São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, Av. Francisco José Longo, 777 São Dimas, Sao Paulo, 12245-000 Brazil
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Teresa DB, Neves KA, Neto CB, Fregonezi PAG, de Oliveira MRB, Zuanon JAS, Donadi EA, Mendes-Junior CT, Soares CP. Computer-assisted analysis of cell proliferation markers in oral lesions. Acta Histochem 2007; 109:377-87. [PMID: 17706749 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2007.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Revised: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in any component of the cell cycle regulatory machine may result in oral cancer, and markers of cell proliferation have been used to determine the prognosis of tumor progression. The aim of this study was to determine whether silver-stained nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) and Ki-67 measurements could improve the assessment of growth rates in oral lesions. Eighty-three oral biopsies were studied, 20 of which were classified as fibrous inflammatory hyperplasia (FIH), 40 as leukoplakia (LKP) and 23 as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Within the LKP group, 22 out of 29 biopsies were diagnosed as non-dysplastic leukoplakia (LK) and 18 as dysplastic leukoplakia (DLK), presenting discrete, moderate and severe dysplasia. Ki-67 immunolabeling of the lesions increased steadily in the following order: FIH, DLK, LK and OSCC, indicating that Ki-67 is a good marker for predicting the proliferative fraction among benign, premalignant and malignant oral lesions. The median values of AgNOR parameters indicate that the morphometric index gives better results regarding the proliferative rate than the numerical one. A series of linear regressions between AgNOR parameters and Ki-67 showed positive associations. We conclude that a combination of Ki-67 and morphometric AgNOR analyses could be used as an aid in the determination of the proliferative status of oral epithelial cells in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Barreto Teresa
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Expedicionários do Brasil, 1621, 14 801 902 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chattopadhyay
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Vered M, Yarom N, Dayan D. 4NQO oral carcinogenesis: animal models, molecular markers and future expectations. Oral Oncol 2005; 41:337-9. [PMID: 15792604 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2004.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2004] [Accepted: 07/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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