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Miguel MMV, Shaddox LM. Grade C Molar-Incisor Pattern Periodontitis in Young Adults: What Have We Learned So Far? Pathogens 2024; 13:580. [PMID: 39057807 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13070580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Grade C molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (C-MIP) is a disease that affects specific teeth with an early onset and aggressive progression. It occurs in systemically healthy patients, mostly African descendants, at an early age, with familial involvement, minimal biofilm accumulation, and minor inflammation. Severe and rapidly progressive bone loss is observed around the first molars and incisors. This clinical condition has been usually diagnosed in children and young adults with permanent dentition under 30 years of age. However, this disease can also affect the primary dentition, which is not as frequently discussed in the literature. Radiographic records have shown that most patients diagnosed in the permanent dentition already presented disease signs in the primary dentition. A hyperresponsive immunological profile is observed in local (gingival crevicular fluid-GCF) and systemic environments. Siblings have also displayed a heightened inflammatory profile even without clinical signs of disease. A. actinomycetemcomitans has been classified as a key pathogen in C-MIP in both dentitions. Scaling and root planning associated with systemic antibiotics is the current gold standard to treat C-MIP, leading to GCF biomarker reduction, some systemic inflammatory response modulation and microbiome profile changes to a healthy-site profile. Further studies should focus on other possible disease-contributing risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Macchion Shaddox
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Department of Oral Health Practice, Periodontology Division, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
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Kurt-Bayrakdar S, Bayrakdar İŞ, Yavuz MB, Sali N, Çelik Ö, Köse O, Uzun Saylan BC, Kuleli B, Jagtap R, Orhan K. Detection of periodontal bone loss patterns and furcation defects from panoramic radiographs using deep learning algorithm: a retrospective study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:155. [PMID: 38297288 PMCID: PMC10832206 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This retrospective study aimed to develop a deep learning algorithm for the interpretation of panoramic radiographs and to examine the performance of this algorithm in the detection of periodontal bone losses and bone loss patterns. METHODS A total of 1121 panoramic radiographs were used in this study. Bone losses in the maxilla and mandibula (total alveolar bone loss) (n = 2251), interdental bone losses (n = 25303), and furcation defects (n = 2815) were labeled using the segmentation method. In addition, interdental bone losses were divided into horizontal (n = 21839) and vertical (n = 3464) bone losses according to the defect patterns. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based artificial intelligence (AI) system was developed using U-Net architecture. The performance of the deep learning algorithm was statistically evaluated by the confusion matrix and ROC curve analysis. RESULTS The system showed the highest diagnostic performance in the detection of total alveolar bone losses (AUC = 0.951) and the lowest in the detection of vertical bone losses (AUC = 0.733). The sensitivity, precision, F1 score, accuracy, and AUC values were found as 1, 0.995, 0.997, 0.994, 0.951 for total alveolar bone loss; found as 0.947, 0.939, 0.943, 0.892, 0.910 for horizontal bone losses; found as 0.558, 0.846, 0.673, 0.506, 0.733 for vertical bone losses and found as 0.892, 0.933, 0.912, 0.837, 0.868 for furcation defects (respectively). CONCLUSIONS AI systems offer promising results in determining periodontal bone loss patterns and furcation defects from dental radiographs. This suggests that CNN algorithms can also be used to provide more detailed information such as automatic determination of periodontal disease severity and treatment planning in various dental radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Kurt-Bayrakdar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, 26240, Turkey.
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Care Planning and Restorative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Dentistry, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - İbrahim Şevki Bayrakdar
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Care Planning and Restorative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Dentistry, Jackson, MS, USA
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Burak Yavuz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, 26240, Turkey
| | - Nichal Sali
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, 26240, Turkey
| | - Özer Çelik
- Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Köse
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | | | - Batuhan Kuleli
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Rohan Jagtap
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Care Planning and Restorative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Dentistry, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Lloclla-Sauñe S, Briceño-Vergel G, Ladera-Castañeda M, Huamaní-Echaccaya J, Romero-Velásquez L, Hernández-Huamaní E, Aroste-Andía R, Cervantes-Ganoza L, Cayo-Rojas C. Impact of an Educational Intervention on Oral Health Knowledge and Bacterial Plaque Control in Male Secondary School Students in a Peruvian Province: A Quasi-Experimental Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:205-217. [PMID: 38250314 PMCID: PMC10799640 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s448217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on oral health knowledge and bacterial plaque control in male secondary school students in a Peruvian province. Methods This quasi-experimental study evaluated 294 male secondary school students in southern Peru. Oral health knowledge was measured with a validated 20-item questionnaire. Bacterial plaque was measured with the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S). This was rated as Excellent: 0, Good: 0.1-1.2, Fair: 1.3-3.0 and Poor: 3.1-6.0, before receiving the educational intervention and after four weeks of receiving it. Variables such as age, area of residence, having health professionals as family members, educational level of mother and father, and living with parents were considered. A significance level of p<0.05 was considered. Results The comparison between the level of oral health knowledge and the OHI-S, before and after 4 weeks of receiving the educational intervention, showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) in all the categories of the variables studied. Likewise, before the educational intervention, there were significant differences in global knowledge about oral health among the categories of the following variables: age group (p=0.040), area of residence (p<0.001), educational level (father) (p=0.011) and living with parents (p<0.001). However, after four weeks of receiving the educational intervention, no significant differences were observed in all the variables studied (p>0.05). Regarding the OHI-S, no significant differences were observed in any of the variables studied, both before (p>0.05) and after four weeks (p>0.05) of receiving the educational intervention. Conclusion After four weeks, the educational intervention significantly improved oral health knowledge and significantly reduced plaque bacterial plaque in male secondary school students in a Peruvian province, regardless of age, area of residence, having health professional family members, educational level of mother and father, and living with parents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marysela Ladera-Castañeda
- Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Research Team “salud Pública – Salud Integral”, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Rosa Aroste-Andía
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Ica, Peru
| | | | - César Cayo-Rojas
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Ica, Peru
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Arizos S, Aps JKM, Arapostathis KN. Examination, Diagnosis, and Treatment Plan Implementation. Pediatr Dent 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78003-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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KURT S, ÇELİK Ö, BAYRAKDAR İŞ, ORHAN K, BİLGİR E, ODABAS A, ASLAN AF. Determination Alveolar Bone Loss Using Artificial Intelligence System on Dental Panoramic Radiography. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.777057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Sidon J, Kafero-Babumba C, Clerehugh V, Tugnait A. Paediatric periodontal screening methods in undergraduate dental schools. Br Dent J 2019; 225:1073-1077. [PMID: 30573891 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Many forms of periodontal diseases affect children and adolescents. The simplified basic periodontal examination (BPE) is a screening tool for children aged seven to 17, which enables early recognition of such diseases. This study aims to investigate and compare methods of periodontal health assessments in the 'under-18s' across dental schools in the UK. Materials and method A web-based questionnaire was issued via email to teaching members of staff in each of the 16 undergraduate dental universities across the UK. Results Out of the 16 correspondents, ten universities completed the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 63%. All respondents were aware of methods of periodontal screening for children and adolescents such as the simplified BPE. All universities taught and used the 'simplified BPE'. The majority of universities started paediatric clinics in year three and carried out practical periodontal assessments in children aged seven and above, at first visit and at recall. Discussion and conclusion All UK dental schools were aware of, taught and used the simplified BPE as a method of periodontal assessment. Most universities seemed to comply with the guidelines being implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sidon
- University of Leeds, School of Dentistry, The Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9LU
| | - C Kafero-Babumba
- University of Leeds, School of Dentistry, The Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9LU
| | - V Clerehugh
- University of Leeds, School of Dentistry, The Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9LU
| | - A Tugnait
- University of Leeds, School of Dentistry, The Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9LU
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Baiju RMP, Peter E, Nayar BR, Varughese JM, Varghese NO. Prevalence and predictors of early periodontal disease among adolescents. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2019; 23:356-361. [PMID: 31367134 PMCID: PMC6628767 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_512_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodic estimation of periodontal disease burden is essential for formulating new treatment strategies, for evaluating preventive strategies, and for framing of new policies. The previous national-level survey among adolescents was held 15 years ago. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of periodontal disease among older adolescent students and to analyze its predictors as part of an oral health assessment survey conducted in Kerala. Materials and Methods A multistage cluster sampling was employed among five districts of Kerala to examine 1065 students in the age group of 15-18 years from government and private schools of selected urban and rural areas. Sociodemographic and oral health behavioral data, modified Community Periodontal Index, Oral Hygiene Index Simplified, and Dental Aesthetic Index were taken. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to identify the predictors of gingival bleeding and periodontal pockets. Results The prevalence of gingival bleeding, periodontal pockets, and loss of attachment was 42%, 13.4%, and 2.7%, respectively. In the adjusted multivariate model for predictors of gingival bleeding, rural location of residence, studying in government schools, high mother's education and their working status, orthodontic treatment need, oral hygiene frequency, and poor oral hygiene status emerged as significant predictors of gingival bleeding. In the multivariate model for periodontal pockets, bleeding on probing emerged as the strongest predictor with an odds ratio of 12.85 when adjusted to poor oral hygiene. Conclusion The prevalence of early periodontal disease among adolescents is significant. Sociodemographic factors, poor oral hygiene, and malocclusion are significant predictors for periodontal disease among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elbe Peter
- Department of Orthodontics, Government Dental College, Kotttayam, Kerala, India
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Drummond BK, Brosnan MG, Leichter JW. Management of periodontal health in children: pediatric dentistry and periodontology interface. Periodontol 2000 2017; 74:158-167. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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AIBarrak ZM, Alqarni AS, Chalisserry EP, Anil S. Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome: a series of five cases among siblings. J Med Case Rep 2016; 10:260. [PMID: 27658951 PMCID: PMC5034476 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-016-1051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and aggressively progressing periodontitis leading to premature loss of deciduous and permanent dentition. The etiopathogenesis of the syndrome is relatively obscure, and immunologic, genetic, or possible bacterial etiologies have been proposed. Case presentation A series of five cases of Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome among the siblings in a family is presented here: a 3-year-old Arab girl, a 4-year-old Arab boy, a 11-year-old Arab boy, a 12-year-old Arab boy, and a 14-year-old Arab boy. The patients presented with severe gingival inflammation and mobility of teeth. The clinical manifestations were typical of Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome and the degree of involvement of the oral and skin conditions varied among them. Conclusions This case series stresses the consanguinity in the family as an etiologic factor. All siblings in the family were affected with Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome which makes this a rare case. A multidisciplinary approach with the active participation of a dental surgeon, dermatologist, and pediatrician is essential for the management of cases of Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zyad M AIBarrak
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Adel S Alqarni
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 153, AIkharj, 11942, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elna P Chalisserry
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 82943, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 153, AIkharj, 11942, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Periodontal disease detection in primary and mixed dentitions. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2016; 17:407-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s40368-016-0248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Amran AG, Alhajj MN, Al-Rafik NAHM. Evaluation of Gingival Health Status among 6- and 12-years-old Children in Dhamar City, Yemen: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17:440-4. [PMID: 27484595 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological data on gingivitis in children are important for understanding the natural course of the disease, identifying its risk factors, and predicting its time trends. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of gingivitis among 6- and 12-year-old school children in Dhamar city, Yemen. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 663 children (310 children of 6 years old and 353 children of 12 years old) were examined from 10 public primary schools. Gingival health status was assessed using the plaque index (PI), calculus index (CI), and gingival index (GI) on the six Ramfjord teeth. The latter index was used to categorize gingivitis severity at the subject level. Data were analyzed using independent f-test, chi-squared test, and Spearman's correlation. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Both age groups had high mean of PI and GI with nonsignificant difference. The 12-year-old children had calculus deposits much higher than the 6-year-old group with significant difference. There was a significant correlation between age and gender of the whole sample with CI [(odds ratio, OR = 1.65, p = 0.003) and (OR = 0.74, p = 0.05) respectively]. Most of the participants presented with gingival inflammation, which was less in 12-year-old females. CONCLUSION Poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis were highly prevalent among Yemeni school children. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The early assessment and intervention of gingivitis and periodontitis will minimize the chance of tooth loss. It has been reported that marginal gingivitis begins early in childhood, increases in prevalence and severity at puberty, and then subsides slightly to the remainder of the second decade of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah G Amran
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen, e-mail:
| | - Mohammed N Alhajj
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
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Observation of trichomonads infection in a child with periodontitis by direct microscopy at the dental office. Parasitology 2015; 142:1440-2. [PMID: 26169391 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182015000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThe pathogenicity of Trichomonas species is well documented. Although their exact involvement in gum disease is not fully understood, recent studies suggest a correlation between these protozoa and periodontitis. This case report details the first chair-side observation in Europe of an oral trichomonad infection in a child with periodontitis, by direct microscopy. The dramatic recovery of the patient, observed following administration of an anti-parasitic treatment, confirms the necessity of further investigation in this field.
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Common periodontal diseases of children and adolescents. Int J Dent 2014; 2014:850674. [PMID: 25053946 PMCID: PMC4098882 DOI: 10.1155/2014/850674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Since 2000, studies, experiments, and clinical observations revealed high prevalence of periodontal diseases among children and adolescents. Therefore, this paper was designed to provide an update for dental practitioners on epidemiology, microbiology, pathology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal diseases in children and adolescents. Methods. This paper reviews the current literature concerning periodontal diseases in pediatric dentistry. It includes MEDLINE database search using key terms: “periodontal diseases in children,” “Periodontal diseasesin adolescents,” “periodontal diseases risk factors,”
“microbiology of periodontal diseases,” “classification of periodontal diseases,” “epidemiology of periodontal diseases,” and “treatment of periodontal diseases.” Articles were evaluated by title and/or abstract and relevance to pediatric dentistry. Sixty-five citations were selected by this method and by the references within the chosen articles. A review of the comprehensive textbooks on pediatric dentistry and periodontology was done. Some recommendations were based on the opinions of experienced researchers and clinicians, when data were inconclusive.
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Sardana V, Balappanavar AY, Deshpande S, Shigli A, Indushekar KR, Gogia G. Evaluation of marginal alveolar bone height for early detection of periodontal disease in pediatric population: clinical and radiographic study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15:37-45. [PMID: 24939263 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish a normal range for the radiographic distance between cementoenamel junction and alveolar bone crest and the factors affecting distances for the early assessment of periodontal disease in Dravidian pediatric population. METHODS Fifty children aged 6 to 8 years were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical and radiographic examination was performed. All the surfaces were examined starting from the distal surface of primary canine to the mesial surface of first permanent molar. The various risk factors like plaque, calculus, proximal caries, restoration and bleeding on probing were recorded. A pair of bitewing radiographs was taken for each child. Bitewing radiographs were traced and analyzed. RESULTS It showed that CEJ-ABC distance in primary teeth is about 1 ± 0.5 mm. In the permanent teeth, it was found to be 0.6 ± 0.5 mm in 6 to 8 years age group. CEJ-ABC distance was also affected by different variables like physiologic (eruption and exfoliation) and pathologic factors (plaque, calculus, dental caries, restorations, stainless steel crowns, bleeding on probing and probing depth). CONCLUSION CEJ-ABC distances greater than 2.5 mm should be considered under recall and follow-up. Children and adolescents susceptible to periodontal disease should be identified by radiographic means as early as possible in order to prevent the advance of an otherwise possibly destructive disease. The concept of oral health examination and treatment must include examination of the periodontal status of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Sardana
- Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, ITS Institute of Dental Sciences, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aswini Y Balappanavar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shobha Deshpande
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Yerala Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anand Shigli
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Bharti Vidyapeeth Institute of Dental Sciences, Sangli, Maharashtra India
| | - K R Indushekar
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Guneet Gogia
- Reader, Department of Periodontics, Rama Institute of Dental Sciences Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Demir UL, Cetinkaya B, Karaca S, Sigirli D. The impacts of adenotonsillar hypertrophy on periodontal health in children: a prospective controlled pilot study. Am J Otolaryngol 2013; 34:501-4. [PMID: 23726657 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impacts of obstructive adenotonsillar disease on periodontal health and to assess the efficacy of adenotonsillectomy in the prevention of chronic periodontitis in children. METHODS This prospective and controlled clinical study was conducted between August 2012 and February 2013 with 35 pediatric patients who had permanent anterior dentition. The study group included twenty patients (n = 20) who had complaints of chronic mouth breathing and snoring and were diagnosed with obstructive adenotonsillar disease. These patients underwent adenoidectomy with or without tonsillectomy. We performed periodontal examinations to assess the periodontal health status in these children before and two months after surgery. The periodontal measures included plaque index (PI), pocket depth (PD) and gingival index scores (GI). Subsequently, these periodontal measures were compared with healthy control group who had no adenotonsillar disease (n = 15). RESULTS Among the study group six patients underwent adenoidectomy and 14 patients underwent adenoidectomy combined with either tonsillectomy or tonsillotomy. The preoperative PI, PD and GI scores of the study group were 1.27 ± 0.39, 1.34 ± 0.31 and 0.97 ± 0.37 respectively. These scores were significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.001). These periodontal index scores were significantly improved after surgery (p = 0.008 for PI and p < 0.001 for both PD and GI). In addition, we found no difference in postoperative values of PD and GI between the study group and control group. CONCLUSION We concluded that obstructive adenotonsillar disease adversely affects periodontal health in children and surgical management of obstruction improves the clinical findings. However, more comprehensive research is required to elucidate the association between adenotonsillar hypertrophy and periodontal disease.
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Assessment of Gingival Health Status among 5- and 12-Year-Old Children in Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study. ISRN DENTISTRY 2013; 2013:352621. [PMID: 23878742 PMCID: PMC3710601 DOI: 10.1155/2013/352621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. There are limited data about the gingival health status in Yemeni children. The aim, therefore, was to assess oral hygiene status and prevalence and severity of gingivitis among Yemeni preschool and school children. Materials and Methods. A total of 5396 children were included from 5 representative Yemeni governorates: Sana'a, Hajjah, Hodeida, Hadramaut, and Taiz. Five-year olds (1292) were recruited from private kindergartens while 12-year olds (4104) were selected from public primary schools. Gingival health status was assessed using the plaque index (PI), calculus index (CAI), and gingival index (GI) on the 6 Ramfjord teeth. The latter index was used to categorize gingivitis severity at the subject level. Data were analyzed using simple hypothesis testing, as well as ordinal regression. Results. The 12-year old children had significantly much higher mean PI, CAI, and GI (P < 0.001) with 78.6% presenting with gingivitis and 47.8% with moderate gingivitis. In contrast, the figures were 27.2% and 3.1% in the younger group (P < 0.001). There were significant variations according to gender, area of residence, and governorate. Regression analysis revealed that mean PI (OR = 35), mean CAI (OR = 7.7), male gender (OR = 1.6), living in rural areas (OR = 1.4), and being from Hajjah or Sana'a were independent risk factors of gingivitis severity in the older group. For the 5-year olds, the determinants were mean PI (OR = 122), male gender (OR = 1.4), and living in Sana'a or Taiz. Conclusions. Bad oral hygiene and moderate gingivitis are highly prevalent among Yemeni preschool and school children. Geographical location appeared as important independent risk factors of gingival inflammation.
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MacDonald LL, Aylward N, Sellers E, Sloshower S, Dean HJ. Development of an Interprofessional Diabetes and Oral Hygiene Education Program for Youth with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Can J Diabetes 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kumar A, Masamatti SS, Virdi MS. Periodontal diseases in children and adolescents: a clinician's perspective part 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:639-42, 645-6, 649-52. [DOI: 10.12968/denu.2012.39.9.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Reader, Department of Periodontics, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Sujata Surendra Masamatti
- Reader, Department of Periodontics, ITS – Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Murad Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Mandeep Singh Virdi
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, PDM Dental College and Research Institute, Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India
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Smith M, Seymour GJ, Cullinan MP. Histopathological features of chronic and aggressive periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2010; 53:45-54. [PMID: 20403104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Pähkla ER, Jõgi E, Nurk A, Pisarev H, Koppel T, Naaber P, Saag M, Lõivukene K. Periodontal disease in mothers indicates risk in their children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2010; 20:24-30. [PMID: 20059590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2009.01027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well established that severe periodontitis clusters in families, but there are no data about the relationship between mothers with chronic periodontitis and their children's periodontal status. OBJECTIVE To evaluate a risk for periodontal diseases in children of periodontally diseased and healthy mothers. METHODS Four study groups were included: (I) 20 female patients with untreated generalized severe chronic periodontitis, (II) their children (34), (III) 13 periodontally healthy mothers and (IV) their children (13). Material was collected from years 2004-2006. The clinical examination included registration of visible plaque index, modified gingival index and, bleeding sites on probing. Periodontal microbiological samples were obtained from all study subjects and the isolates were identified according to morphology and biochemical profiles; similar interfamilial pathogens were compared by PCR-technique. RESULTS The children of diseased mothers more frequently had periodontal diseases, especially gingivitis. In addition, clinical parameters of gingival inflammation were more expressed and oral hygiene was worse in this group of children. VPI and VPI% of the diseased and healthy mothers differed significantly. The most common oral pathogens were P. intermedia/nigrescens and A. actinomycetemcomitans. The children of healthy mothers harboured pathogens less frequently than the children of diseased mothers. The sharing of P. intermedia/nigrescens was more frequent (5 families) than A. actinomycetemcomitans (2 families). CONCLUSION Maternal indicators, such as periodontitis, hygiene habits, and periodontal microflora are risk factors for childhood periodontal diseases, and might be predictive of future childhood and adolescent periodontitis.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Destructive forms of periodontal disease in children are uncommon. Severe periodontal destruction can be a manifestation of a systemic disease; however, in some patients, the underlying cause of increased susceptibility and early onset is still unknown. OBJECTIVE To describe an effective therapeutic approach to GeneralizedAggressive Periodontitis (GAgP) in children, based on a 3-1/2 year-old male patient referred to the Hospital due to early loss of incisors, gingivitis, and tooth mobility in his primary dentition. Intraoral examination revealed severe gingival inflammation, dental abscesses, pathological tooth mobility, bleeding upon probing and attachment loss around several primary teeth. Dental radiographs revealed horizontal and vertical bone loss. Treatment consisted on the extraction of severely affected primary teeth, systemic antibiotics, deep scaling of remaining teeth and strict oral hygiene measures. Once the patient's periodontal condition was stabilized, function and esthetics were restored with "pedi-partials." After a follow-up period of nearly 4 years, the patient's periodontal status remains healthy, facilitating the eruption of permanent teeth. CONCLUSION Prompt diagnosis and good treatment regimen may provide an effective therapeutic management of Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis.
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