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Jing M, Han G, Wan J, Zong W, Liu R. Differential eco-toxicological responses toward Eisenia fetida exposed to soil contaminated with naphthalene and typical metabolites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34149-1. [PMID: 38954347 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Naphthalene (NAP) was frequently detected in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-contaminated soil, and its residues may pose an eco-toxicological threat to soil organisms. The toxic effects of NAP were closely tied to phenolic and quinone metabolites in biological metabolism. However, the present knowledge concerning the eco-toxicological impacts of NAP metabolites at the animal level is scanty. Here, we assessed the differences in the eco-toxicological responses of Eisenia fetida (E. fetida) in NAP, 1-naphthol (1-NAO) or 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) contaminated soils. NAP, 1-NAO, and 1,4-NQ exposure triggered the onset of oxidative stress as evidenced by the destruction of the antioxidant enzyme system. The lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidative damage levels induced by 1-NAO and 1,4-NQ were higher than those of NAP. The elevation of DNA damage varied considerably depending on differences in oxidative stress and the direct mode of action of NAP or its metabolites with DNA. All three toxicants induced different degrees of physiological damage to the body wall, but only 1, 4-NQ caused the shedding of intestinal epithelial cells. The integrated biomarker response for different exposure times illustrated that the comprehensive toxicity at the animal level was 1,4-NQ > 1-NAO > NAP, and the time-dependent trends of oxidative stress responses induced by the three toxicants were similar. At the initial stage, the antioxidant system of E. fetida responded positively to the provocation, but the ability of E. fetida to resist stimulation decreased with the prolongation of time resulting in provocation oxidative damage. This study would provide new insights into the toxicological effects and biohazard of PAHs on soil animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Jing
- Shandong Urban Construction Vocational College, 4657# Tourism Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P.R. China
| | - Guangye Han
- Shandong Academy of Environmental Sciences Co., Ltd, Licheng, 12777# Zhenyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P.R. China
| | - Jingqiang Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P.R. China.
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Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Activities of the Leaf Latex Extract of Aloe megalacantha Baker (Aloaceae) in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8263786. [PMID: 31178917 PMCID: PMC6507245 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8263786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus has become a major public health and economic problem across the globe. The inadequacies, as well as serious adverse effects associated with conventional medicines, led to a determined search for alternative natural therapeutic agents. The leaf latex extract of Aloe megalacantha has been used for the management of diabetes mellitus in Ethiopian folk medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of the leaf latex extract of A. megalacantha in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic model. Methods The experimental diabetes was induced in Swiss albino mice by the administration of a single dose of STZ (150 mg/kg), intraperitoneally. The leaf latex extract of A. megalacantha at three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) was administered for a period of 14 days. Fasting blood glucose levels (BGLs) were measured by glucose-oxidase and peroxidase reactive strips. After fourteen days, mice from all groups fasted and the blood was collected through puncturing the retroorbit of the eyes under mild anesthetic condition. The collected blood sample was used to determine serum biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The statistical analysis of results was carried out using one-way analysis (ANOVA) followed by post hoc multiple comparison tests. Results Oral administration of A. megalacantha leaf latex extract at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg daily for 14 days results in a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in fasting BGL as compared to negative control STZ-induced diabetic mice. The leaf latex has significantly reduced the level of TC, TG, and LDL, VLDL cholesterol while a significant (p < 0.05) HDL cholesterol increment was observed. Conclusions The findings of the present investigation indicated that the leaf latex of A. megalacantha possessed significant antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic potential which may prove the claimed use of the plant in amelioration of diabetes and associated complications in Ethiopian folk medicine.
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Yuan L, Duan X, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Qu M. Aloe polysaccharide protects skin cells from UVB irradiation through Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signal pathway. J DERMATOL TREAT 2019; 31:300-308. [PMID: 30897007 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1591579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if aloe polysaccharide (AP) has the repairing effect on ultraviolet b (UVB) injured nerve cells. The study applied BALB/c female mice as animal model, and NFG-activated PC12 cells as cell model of skin nerve. The cell viability was detected by MTT assay, and cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling) and Annexin-V/PI assay, and cell-cycle status in different groups were observed via flow cytometry (FCM). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to analyze oxidative stress and anti-oxidative ability in each group. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Cyclin D1, Keap1, Nrf2, GCLC, and GSTP1. The results showed obvious inhibition of cell viability and cell-cycle progression and promotion of cell apoptosis by UVB irradiation through inducing oxidative stress. In AP treated groups, cell viability and proliferation could be markedly improved and cell apoptosis inhibited with higher anti-oxidative capability and up-regulated expression of Keap1, Nrf2, GCLC, and GSTP1. It suggested that AP was able to repair UVB induced injury on NGF activated skin neural cell PC12, probably through Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingwu Duan
- Department of Dermatology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Runtian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yunbi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Muwen Qu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Guang'anmen Hospital of Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Aloin Inhibits Müller Cells Swelling in a Rat Model of Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatic Retinopathy. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112806. [PMID: 30380640 PMCID: PMC6278412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Swelling of retinal Müller cells is implicated in retinal edema and neuronal degeneration. Müller cell swelling is observed in patients with liver failure and is referred to as hepatic retinopathy. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of aloin, an anthraquinone-C-glycoside present in various Aloe species, on Müller cell dysfunction in a rat model of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic retinopathy. Experimental hepatic retinopathy was induced by three injections of TAA (200 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal injection) for 3 days in rats. After the last injection of TAA, aloin (50 and 100 mg/kg) was orally gavaged for 5 days. The effects of aloin on the liver injury, serum ammonia levels, Müller cell swelling, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, and gene expression of Kir4.1 and aquaporin-4 were examined. TAA-injected rats exhibited liver failure and hyperammonemia. In the TAA-injected rats, Müller cell bodies were highly enlarged, and GFAP, an indicator of retinal stress, was highly expressed in the retinas, indicating a predominant Müller cell gliosis. However, administration of aloin suppressed liver injury as well as Müller cell swelling through the normalization of Kir4.1 and aquaporin-4 channels, which play a key role in potassium and water transport in Müller cells. These results indicate that aloin may be helpful to protect retinal injury associated with liver failure.
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Calitz C, du Plessis L, Gouws C, Steyn D, Steenekamp J, Muller C, Hamman S. Herbal hepatotoxicity: current status, examples, and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:1551-65. [PMID: 26149408 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1064110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Herbal medicines have commonly been considered safe by the general public due to their natural origin and long history of traditional uses. In contrast to this belief, many plants produce toxic substances as secondary metabolites that are sometimes not easily distinguishable from the pharmacological active compounds. Some herbal medicines have been associated with adverse effects and toxic effects, including hepatotoxicity, which have been reversed upon discontinuation of the herbal medicine by the patient. AREAS COVERED This review reflects on selected herbal medicines that are associated with hepatotoxic effects including a description of the phytochemicals that have been linked to liver injury where available. Although case studies are discussed where patients presented with hepatotoxicity due to use of herbal medicines, results from both in vitro and in vivo studies that have been undertaken to confirm liver injury are also included. EXPERT OPINION Increasing evidence of herbal hepatotoxicity has become available through case reports; however, several factors contribute to challenges associated with causality assessment and pre-emptive testing as well as diagnosis of herb-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlemi Calitz
- a 1 North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa +27 18 299 4035 ; +27 87 231 5432 ;
| | - Lissinda du Plessis
- a 1 North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa +27 18 299 4035 ; +27 87 231 5432 ;
| | - Chrisna Gouws
- a 1 North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa +27 18 299 4035 ; +27 87 231 5432 ;
| | - Dewald Steyn
- a 1 North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa +27 18 299 4035 ; +27 87 231 5432 ;
| | - Jan Steenekamp
- a 1 North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa +27 18 299 4035 ; +27 87 231 5432 ;
| | - Christo Muller
- b 2 Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council , P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Sias Hamman
- a 1 North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa +27 18 299 4035 ; +27 87 231 5432 ;
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Wintola OA, Afolayan AJ. The foliar anatomy and micromorphology of Aloe ferox Mill. (Asphodelaceae). AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2014; 11:350-7. [PMID: 25435621 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i2.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Aloe has been the subject of several chemotaxonomic and phytochemical investigations. Aloe ferox is an important source of biologically active compounds like anthrones, chromones, pyrones, and flavonoids. It is a plant used extensively in traditional medicine. Despite the myriad of studies on the pharmacological profile of the plant, there still exists a dearth of scientific literature on the anatomical and morphological attributes of this important medicinal plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hence, the objective of this study was to examine the foliar anatomy and micromorphological characteristics of A. ferox using light microscope and scanning electron microscope and to determine the elemental composition of the leaf sections by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. RESULTS Epidermal cells varied from round, square to hexagonal, with distinctive anticlinal walls and sunken stomata, equally distributed on both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces were observed. There were vertically elongated palisade cells with numerous chloroplasts in the palisade mesophyll layer. The EDXS analysis revealed Ca, K, S, Al, Mg, and Si as the major constituents of crystals present in the mesophyll. CONCLUSION Information on the foliar anatomy and micromorphology can further enlightened our perceptions on the inherent interrelationships between structure and function as regards the synthesis and secretion of bioactive secondary metabolites by plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubunmi Abosede Wintola
- Medicinal Plant and Economic Development Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, South Africa
| | - Anthony Jide Afolayan
- Medicinal Plant and Economic Development Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, South Africa
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Palermo FA, Cocci P, Angeletti M, Felici A, Polzonetti-Magni AM, Mosconi G. Dietary Aloe vera components' effects on cholesterol lowering and estrogenic responses in juvenile goldfish, Carassius auratus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:851-861. [PMID: 23135154 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aloes are now considered a very interesting source of bioactive compounds among which phytosterols should play a major role. The present study is an attempt to investigate the hypocholesterolemic activity of Aloe vera associated with its impact on the reproductive status of juvenile goldfish. Therefore, the short- and long-term effects of feeding supplementary diet containing aloe components (20 mg aloe/g diet; 2%) on plasma lipids, plasma vitellogenin, and hepatic estrogen receptor α/β1 mRNA levels in goldfish were examined. Results of GC-MS for phytosterols show high abundance of β-sitosterol in freeze-dried powder of Aloe vera whole leaves. Moreover, a 2% aloe powder dietary supplement was not found estrogenic in juvenile goldfish after either 7- or 30-day treatment, but was consistent in plasma hypocholesterolemic effects following long-term exposure. The present data further support that plasma cholesterol modulation induced by phytosterols may not be related to estrogen-like activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco A Palermo
- Centro Universitario di Ricerca per Sviluppo e Gestione delle Risorse dell'Ambiente Marino e Costiero, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Lungomare A. Scipioni 6, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, AP, Italy.
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Beneficial effects of Aloe vera in treatment of diabetes: Comparative in vivo and in vitro studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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KAMETANI S, OIKAWA T, KOJIMA-YUASA A, KENNEDY DO, NORIKURA T, HONZAWA M, MATSUI-YUASA I. Mechanism of Growth Inhibitory Effect of Cape Aloe Extract in Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2007; 53:540-6. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.53.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Terada T. Role of Glutathione S-Transferases in Lens under Oxidative Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.51.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Terada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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Can A, Akev N, Ozsoy N, Bolkent S, Arda BP, Yanardag R, Okyar A. Effect of Aloe vera Leaf Gel and Pulp Extracts on the Liver in Type-II Diabetic Rat Models. Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 27:694-8. [PMID: 15133247 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of Aloe vera leaf pulp and gel extracts on the liver tissue of neonatal streptozotocin (n0STZ)-induced type-II diabetic rats. The diabetic rats were separated into four groups and each group was given the following samples by gavage, daily for 15 d: phosphate buffered saline (PBS; diabetic control), Aloe leaf pulp extract, Aloe leaf gel extract, glibenclamide. Liver tissues were examined histologically. The markers of oxidative stress: glutathione (GSH), non-enzymatic glycosylation (NEG) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), were determined in liver tissue. Biochemical parameters for liver function: serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine transaminase (ALP) activities, were evaluated. All parameters were also determined in healthy (non diabetic) rats for comparison. In the diabetic control group, the degenerative changes in liver tissue were remarkable, while in the diabetic groups given Aloe pulp and gel extracts and glibenclamide, the damage to the liver tissue was decreased. The increase of GSH and the decrease of NEG and LPO in liver tissues with the treatment of Aloe gel extract, is consistent with the beneficial effect of Aloe. Serum ALP and ALT activities were also decreased in the groups given Aloe gel extract. It was concluded that Aloe gel extract has a protective effect comparable to glibenclamide against hepatotoxicity produced by diabetes if used in the treatment of type-II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Turkey
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