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Meng F, Ni Z, Tan L, Cai P, Wang J. Oxidative stress and energy metabolic response of Isochrysis galbana induced by different types of pristine and aging microplastics and their leachates. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 348:140755. [PMID: 37995978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The aging process and leachate composition of different types of MPs (PS, PS-NH2, PS-COOH and PMMA) with a particle size of 1.0 μm were characterized, and marine microalgae Isochrysis galbana OA3011(I. galbana) was used as test organism to investigate the 96 h toxic effects of MPs before and after aging as well as leachate exposure. Except for polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), all other tested microplastics showed significant aggregation in seawater, which increased with the presence of surface amino and carboxyl groups, in addition, the increase in polymer dispersibility index (PDI) values after aging reflected more severe aggregation. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) showed that the surface amino groups were shed during the aging of PS-NH2, which can likewise be demonstrated by the change in surface electric potential from positive to negative before and after aging. PMMA, due to the addition of plasticizers (HEHP and DIBP detected in high concentration) and its own structure, has stronger resistance to aging than the other three microplastics, and no significant aging phenomenon occurs. As for I. galbana, growth inhibition, oxidative stress and energy metabolism were tested after exposure to different microplastics and their leachate. It was found that high concentrations of A-PS had a greater negative impact on I. galbana, while the toxic effects of PS-NH2 and PS-COOH on I. galbana behaved in a diametrically opposite way before and after aging compared to PS with the inhibitory effect decreasing after aging, which was caused by the shedding of surface groups. As for PMMA, the differences in the toxic effects on microalgae before and after aging were not significant. The inhibitory effect of low concentrations of PAEs (Phthalate acid esters) in the leachate of PS-COOH on I. galbana was not significant, and the stronger inhibitory effect of 4 d L-PS-NH2 was presumed to be the shedding of positively charged groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanmeng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Ziqi Ni
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liju Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Peining Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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Meng F, Tan L, Cai P, Wang J. Effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on growth and hemolysin production of microalgae Karlodinium veneficum. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 266:106810. [PMID: 38134819 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
There are few studies on the effects of nanoplastics on growth and hemolysin production of harmful algal bloom species at present. In this study, Karlodinium veneficum was exposed to different concentrations (0, 5, 25, 50, 75 mg/L) of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 100 nm) for 96 h. The effects of PS-NPs on growth of K. veneficum were investigated by measuring algal cell abundance, growth inhibition rate (IR), total protein (TP), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione reductase (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ATPase activity (Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase). Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope (SEM and TEM) images of microalgae with or without nanoplastics were also observed. The effects of PS-NPs on hemolysin production of K. veneficum were studied by measuring the changes of hemolytic toxin production of K. veneficum exposed to PS-NPs on 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. High concentrations (50 and 75 mg/L) of PS-NPs seriously affected the growth of K. veneficum and different degrees of damage to cell morphology and ultrastructure were found. Excessive free radicals and other oxidants were produced in the cells, which disrupted the intracellular redox balance state and caused oxidative damage to the cells, and the basic activities such as photosynthesis and energy metabolism were weakened. The athletic ability of K. veneficum was decreased, but the ability to produce hemolysin was enhanced. It was suggested that the presence of nanoplastics in seawater may strengthen the threat of harmful algal bloom species to aquatic ecosystems and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanmeng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, No.238, Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Liju Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, No.238, Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Peining Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, No.238, Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, No.238, Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Sahoo N, Gu M, Zhang X, Raval N, Yang J, Bekier M, Calvo R, Patnaik S, Wang W, King G, Samie M, Gao Q, Sahoo S, Sundaresan S, Keeley TM, Wang Y, Marugan J, Ferrer M, Samuelson LC, Merchant JL, Xu H. Gastric Acid Secretion from Parietal Cells Is Mediated by a Ca 2+ Efflux Channel in the Tubulovesicle. Dev Cell 2017; 41:262-273.e6. [PMID: 28486130 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric acid secretion by parietal cells requires trafficking and exocytosis of H/K-ATPase-rich tubulovesicles (TVs) toward apical membranes in response to histamine stimulation via cyclic AMP elevation. Here, we found that TRPML1 (ML1), a protein that is mutated in type IV mucolipidosis (ML-IV), is a tubulovesicular channel essential for TV exocytosis and acid secretion. Whereas ML-IV patients are reportedly achlorhydric, transgenic overexpression of ML1 in mouse parietal cells induced constitutive acid secretion. Gastric acid secretion was blocked and stimulated by ML1 inhibitors and agonists, respectively. Organelle-targeted Ca2+ imaging and direct patch-clamping of apical vacuolar membranes revealed that ML1 mediates a PKA-activated conductance on TV membranes that is required for histamine-induced Ca2+ release from TV stores. Hence, we demonstrated that ML1, acting as a Ca2+ channel in TVs, links transmitter-initiated cyclic nucleotide signaling with Ca2+-dependent TV exocytosis in parietal cells, providing a regulatory mechanism that could be targeted to manage acid-related gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirakar Sahoo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mingxue Gu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Neel Raval
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Junsheng Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Michael Bekier
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Raul Calvo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Samarjit Patnaik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Wuyang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Greyson King
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mohammad Samie
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qiong Gao
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sasmita Sahoo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sinju Sundaresan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Juan Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Juanita L Merchant
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Perez-Zoghbi JF, Mayora A, Ruiz MC, Michelangeli F. Heterogeneity of acid secretion induced by carbachol and histamine along the gastric gland axis and its relationship to [Ca2+]i. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 295:G671-81. [PMID: 18669625 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.90224.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The gastric glands of the mammalian fundic mucosa are constituted by different cell types. Gastric fluid is a mixture of acid, alkali, ions, enzymes, and mucins secreted by parietal, chief, and mucous cells. We studied activation of acid secretion using LysoSensor Yellow/Blue in conjunction with fluo 3 to measure changes in pH and Ca(2+) in isolated rabbit gastric glands. We evidenced a spatial heterogeneity in the amplitude of acid response along the gland axis under histamine and cholinergic stimulation. Carbachol induced a transitory pH increase before acidification. This relative alkalinization may be related to granule release from other cell types. Omeprazole inhibited the acid component but not the rise in pH. Histamine stimulated acid secretion without increase of lumen pH. We studied the relationship between Ca(2+) release and/or entry and H(+) secretion in glands stimulated by carbachol. Ca(2+) release was associated with a fast and transient components of H(+) secretion. We found a linear relationship between Ca(2+) release and H(+) secretion. Ca(2+) entry was associated with a second slow and larger component of acid secretion. The fast component may be the result of activation of Cl(-) and K(+) channels and hence H(+)/K(+) pumps already present in the membrane, whereas the slow component might be associated with translocation of H(+)/K(+) pumps to the canaliculi. In conclusion, with cholinergic stimulation, gastric glands secrete a mixture of acid and other product(s) with a pH above 4.2, both triggered by Ca(2+) release. Maintenance of acid secretion depends on Ca(2+) entry and perhaps membrane fusion.
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Karvar S, Zhu L, Crothers J, Wong W, Turkoz M, Forte JG. Cellular Localization and Stimulation-Associated Distribution Dynamics of Syntaxin-1 and Syntaxin-3 in Gastric Parietal Cells. Traffic 2005; 6:654-66. [PMID: 15998321 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2005.00306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Syntaxins are differentially localized in polarized cells and play an important role in vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion. These soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins are believed to be involved in tubulovesicle trafficking and membrane fusion during the secretory cycle of the gastric parietal cell. We examined the cellular localization and distribution of syntaxin-1 and syntaxin-3 in rabbit parietal cells. Fractionation of gastric epithelial cell membranes showed that syntaxin-1 was more abundant in a fraction enriched in apical plasma membranes, whereas syntaxin-3 was found predominantly in the H,K-ATPase-rich tubulovesicle fraction. We also examined the cellular localization of syntaxins in cultured parietal cells. Parietal cells were infected with CFP-syntaxin-1 and CFP-syntaxin-3 adenoviral constructs. Fluorescence microscopy of live and fixed cells demonstrated that syntaxin-1 was primarily on the apical membrane vacuoles of infected cells, but there was also the expression of syntaxin-1 in a subadjacent cytoplasmic compartment. In resting, non-secreting parietal cells, syntaxin-3 was distributed throughout the cytoplasmic compartment; after stimulation, syntaxin-3 translocated to the apical membrane vacuoles, there co-localizing with H,K-ATPase, syntaxin-1 and F-actin. The differential location of these syntaxin isoforms in gastric parietal cells suggests that these proteins may be critical for maintaining membrane compartment identity and that they may play important, but somewhat different, roles in the membrane recruitment processes associated with secretory activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhan Karvar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Abstract
Acid secretion by the gastric parietal cell is regulated by paracrine, endocrine, and neural pathways. The physiological stimuli include histamine, acetylcholine, and gastrin via their receptors located on the basolateral plasma membranes. Stimulation of acid secretion typically involves an initial elevation of intracellular calcium and/or cAMP followed by activation of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase cascade that triggers the translocation and insertion of the proton pump enzyme, H,K-ATPase, into the apical plasma membrane of parietal cells. Whereas the H,K-ATPase contains a plasma membrane targeting motif, the stimulation-mediated relocation of the H,K-ATPase from the cytoplasmic membrane compartment to the apical plasma membrane is mediated by a SNARE protein complex and its regulatory proteins. This review summarizes the progress made toward an understanding of the cell biology of gastric acid secretion. In particular we have reviewed the early signaling events following histaminergic and cholinergic activation, the identification of multiple factors participating in the trafficking and recycling of the proton pump, and the role of the cytoskeleton in supporting the apical pole remodeling, which appears to be necessary for active acid secretion by the parietal cell. Emphasis is placed on identifying protein factors that serve as effectors for the mechanistic changes associated with cellular activation and the secretory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebiao Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Abstract
Overlapping neural, hormonal, and paracrine pathways finely regulate gastric acid secretion. In rats and guinea pigs, most of the intrinsic neural innervation to the gastric mucosa originates in the myenteric plexus. In contrast, human stomachs have a clearly defined submucosal plexus that contains a variety of transmitters including nitric oxide, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), substance P, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Although GRP is known to participate in meal-stimulated acid secretion by releasing gastrin in a variety of laboratory animals, recent studies were unable to demonstrate a role for endogenous GRP in meal-stimulated gastrin secretion in humans. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a member of the secretin-glucagon-VIP family, has been localized to gastric mucosal neurons and may participate in vagally mediated acid secretion. Two novel peptides, ghrelin and leptin, have been localized to the stomach. Peripheral administration of ghrelin stimulates and of leptin inhibits acid secretion. The binding of secretagogues to parietal cells generates changes in second messengers that regulate the translocation and activation of the proton pump, HK-ATPase. In resting cells, HK-ATPase is contained within cytoplasmic tubulovesicles in an inactive form. At stimulation, the tubulovesicles fuse with the apical canaliculi and the HK-ATPase is incorporated into the apical membrane where it actively pumps H ions in exchange for K. Acute infection with Helicobacter pylori results in hypochlorhydria, whereas chronic infection can cause either hypo- or hyperchlorhydria, depending on the distribution of the infection and the degree of corpus gastritis. Recent studies suggest that inflammatory cytokines, produced in response to the organism, can play a role in the perturbations in acid and gastrin secretion induced by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell L Schubert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Virginia and McGuire VAMC Richmond, Virginia 23249, USA.
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