Shear-peel bond strength of orthodontic primers in wet conditions

Evaluation of shear bond strength of orthodontic molar tubes bonded using hydrophilic primers: An in vitro study

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate and compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic molar tubes bonded using two hydrophilic primers along with a moisture tolerant adhesive system to dry and saliva-contaminated enamel surfaces; and to assess the mode of their bond failure.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 60 extracted human mandibular molars were randomly divided into three major groups according to the primer used, each consisting of 20 molars: XT group acts as a control and bonded with the conventional hydrophobic Transbond XT primer, OS group bonded with the hydrophilic Ortho Solo primer, AP group bonded with the hydrophilic Assure Plus all surface bonding resin. Each major group was further divided into two subgroups, of 10 molars each, according to presence or absence of saliva. All the specimens were thermocycled 500 cycles between 5̊ and 55°C. Shear forces were applied to the specimens with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min and SBS was measured in megapascals (MPa). The mode of failure was determined using the adhesive remnant index (ARI). Data were analysed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by univariate analysis and Bonferroni post hoc tests.

RESULTS

The three tested primers did not show a significant difference in the mean SBS in dry conditions (P=0.137); the mean SBS of OS and AP primers were 15.60±5.879MPa and 12.51±2.583MPa respectively which were comparable to that of the hydrophobic XT primer (12.76±2.952MPa). In saliva-contaminated conditions, the mean SBS values were 10.41±4.457MPa and 9.22±3.422MPa for OS and AP primers respectively, which were significantly higher than that of XT primer (4.82±2.050MPa) (P=0.004). When comparing the mean SBS for each group according to the bonding condition, it was significantly higher in dry bonding compared to saliva-contaminated bonding for the three primers; XT (P<0.001), OS (P=0.003) and AP (P=0.011). In the dry field, most of the bond failures of the three primers were adhesive (score 3), whereas in the saliva-contaminated field, most of the failures were cohesive (score 1).

CONCLUSION

Dry bonding yielded the highest SBS for the three primers. Saliva contamination significantly decreased the bond strength of both hydrophilic primers; however, the values were above the clinically acceptable limit. The hydrophilic primers tested in the present study can be successfully used for bonding orthodontic molar tubes under dry and saliva-contaminated enamel surface conditions.

An evaluation and comparison of the shear bond strength of two newly formulated primer systems with a conventional primer system under different conditions: An in vitro study

Aims and Objectives

This study was carried to evaluate the shear bond strength of brackets bonded with self-etching primer and moisture insensitive primer (MIP) and compare it with the conventional adhesive system.

Materials and Methods

A total of 90 extracted human premolar teeth were selected and divided into three groups of 30 teeth each with two sub groups (dry and wet), of 15 teeth each. Each group was bonded with three different types of bonding systems namely visible light cure Clearfil Liner Bond 2V, MIP and Transbond XT. These groups were named SD, MD and CD in dry conditions and SW, MW and CW in wet condition and each of these groups were color coded. The shear bond strength of the bonding system in each group was tested using Universal testing machine Instron (Instron model:4206, Instron Corporation, USA).

Results

In dry condition all three groups showed good bond strength. Self-etch primer showed the average highest bond strength, followed by Transbond XT and then MIP. In wet condition MIP has highest bond strength, followed by self-etching primer and Transbond XT.

Conclusion

Under dry conditions conventional primer is the material of choice. Under wet conditions, MIP showed the highest bond strength and hence can be considered to be a material of choice.

Resistência ao cisalhamento da colagem com compósitos utilizando potencializador de adesão

OBJETIVO: avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento dos compósitos Transbond XT e Concise Ortodôntico utilizando o potencializador de adesão Ortho Primer. MÉTODOS: a amostra consistiu de 90 incisivos bovinos divididos em seis grupos (n=15). Todos os dentes receberam profilaxia com pedra-pomes e condicionamento do esmalte com ácido fosfórico. No Grupo I, utilizou-se Transbond XT de maneira convencional. O Grupo II foi semelhante ao I, porém, aplicou-se o Ortho Primer ao invés do XT Primer. No Grupo III, após condicionamento, o esmalte foi contaminado com saliva, aplicou-se o Ortho Primer e colagem com Transbond XT. No Grupo IV, utilizou-se o Concise Ortodôntico de maneira convencional. O Grupo V foi semelhante ao IV, porém, utilizou-se o Ortho Primer ao invés da resina fluida. No Grupo VI, após condicionamento, o esmalte foi contaminado com saliva, aplicou-se o Ortho Primer e colagem com Concise. Os corpos de prova foram armazenados em água destilada em estufa a 37ºC por 24h e submetidos ao ensaio de resistência ao cisalhamento. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e ao teste de Tukey (5%). RESULTADOS: a resistência da colagem no Grupo IV foi estatisticamente superior à dos Grupos II, III e VI (p<0,05). Entre os Grupos I, IV e V; e entre os Grupos I, II, III e VI não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significativas (p>0,05). O Transbond XT e o Concise utilizados convencionalmente obtiveram os maiores valores adesivos. O Ortho Primer em esmalte seco atuou efetivamente como agente de união dos compósitos avaliados. Em esmalte contaminado, a colagem com Concise obteve baixa resistência adesiva.

Water and saliva contamination effect on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with a moisture-tolerant light cure system

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effects of water and saliva contamination on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with a moisture-tolerant light cure system.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Brackets were bonded to 240 bovine lower incisors divided into 12 groups. Four bonding procedures were evaluated, including (1) TSEP/Transbond XT, (2) TMIP/ Transbond XT, (3) TSEP/Transbond PLUS, and (4) TMIP/Transbond PLUS, each under three different bonding conditions: without contamination, with water contamination, and with saliva contamination. Shear bond strength was measured with a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant on the teeth was quantified with the use of image analyzing equipment.

RESULTS

Without contamination, bond strengths for the four procedures were similar (P > .05). TSEP/Tranbond PLUS and TMIP/Transbond PLUS left significantly less adhesive on the teeth after debonding than TSEP/Transbond XT and TMIP/Transbond XT (P < .008). Bond strength and adhesive remaining for TMIP/Transbond XT contaminated with water or saliva showed significantly worse performance than the other procedures evaluated (P < .008). Contamination (with water or saliva) did not affect either bond strength or adhesive remaining on the teeth for TSEP/ Transbond XT, TSEP/Transbond PLUS, or TMIP/Transbond PLUS (P > .017), although for TMIP/ Transbond XT, both variables showed significant reductions after contamination (P < .017).

CONCLUSION

TSEP/Transbond PLUS, TMIP/Transbond PLUS, and TSEP/Transbond XT showed greater tolerance to wet conditions than was shown by TMIP/Transbond XT.