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Hirose H, Fujimasa S, Kanemaru S, Yoshimoto S, Matsumoto N, Anan H, Matsuzaki E. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1-mediated odontogenic differentiation of mouse apical papilla-derived stem cells. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:2323-2331. [PMID: 39347102 PMCID: PMC11437261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) exhibits receptor-mediated physiological effects by facilitating the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells toward the osteoblast lineage. This study aimed to determine the effect of S1P on odontogenic differentiation of mouse immortalized stem cells of dental apical papilla (iSCAP) and assess the distribution of the S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) in the apical papilla and the root canal wall of immature rat molars. Materials and methods Immunostaining for S1PR1 was conducted at the apex of the rat mandibular first molar and within the root canal wall. The iSCAP was treated with S1P and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9 (for comparison), and the expression levels of the odontogenic differentiation marker were evaluated via real-time reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mineralization and lipid droplet formation were evaluated via Alizarin red and Oil red O staining. Results S1PR1-positive cells were expressed in areas of both apical papilla and dentin-pulp interface of root canal wall. During the odontogenic differentiation of iSCAP, S1P and BMP-9 increased the expression of the differentiation marker mRNA and secreted proteins including dentin sialophosphoprotein, dentin matrix phosphoprotein 1, and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein. The S1PR1 signaling pathway is involved in the action of S1P, but not that of BMP-9. S1PR1 signaling also facilitated mineralization in iSCAP and suppressed the differentiation of these cells into adipocytes. Conclusion S1P induced odontogenic differentiation of iSCAP through S1PR1. Furthermore, S1PR1-positive cells were expressed in the apical papilla of immature rat molars and in the dentin-pulp interface where odontoblast-like cells exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Hirose
- Section of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seishiro Fujimasa
- Section of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Kanemaru
- Section of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shohei Yoshimoto
- Section of Pathology, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Matsumoto
- Section of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Etsuko Matsuzaki
- Section of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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Pekpinarli B, Kaval ME, Cogulu D, Ilhan B, Sorsa T, Tervahartiala T, Oncag O. The effect of calcium hydroxide and double antibiotic paste on radiographic outcomes and periapical MMP-8 levels in regenerative endodontic procedures: a randomized clinical trial. J Appl Oral Sci 2024; 32:e20240122. [PMID: 39319904 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary goal is to evaluate the effects of two different intracanal medicaments, calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and double antibiotic paste (DAP), on radiographic outcomes during regenerative endodontic procedures (REP) of immature permanent mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis (SIP/SAP). Additionally, the secondary goal was to evaluate MMP-8 levels during REP using two different intracanal medicaments. METHODOLOGY The study included 20 patients with immature mandibular first molars exhibiting SIP/SAP. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups based on the applied intracanal medicament. Ca(OH)2 (n=10) was prepared by mixing it with sterile distilled water, while the same amount of powdered metronidazole and ciprofloxacin were mixed and combined with sterile distilled water for DAP (n=10). MMP-8 in periapical samples were measured at baseline and on the 14th day using immunofluorometric assay. Image-J software with TurboReg plug-in was utilized to determine changes in root length, root width, radiographic root area (RRA) during the 12-month follow-up period. Data were analyzed by SPSS 25.0 (p<.05). RESULTS Significant increase in MMP-8 on the 14th day compared to baseline in both groups (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the increase in MMP-8 (p>0.05). Root length significantly increased in both groups (p=0.001), with Ca(OH)2 showing a greater increase (p=0.046). Root width and RRA increased similarly in both groups at 12th month. CONCLUSION Both Ca(OH)2 and DAP applications resulted in a significant increase in periapical MMP-8 levels. Increase in radiographic root width and root area was similar between two groups, but Ca(OH)2 led to a significantly greater increase in root length. Further studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to validate our findings during REP of vital immature permanent mandibular molars. Clinical Trials database: NCT05581706.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burc Pekpinarli
- Ege University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Kaval
- Ege University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dilsah Cogulu
- Ege University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Betul Ilhan
- Ege University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Timo Sorsa
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Dentistry, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki, Finland
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dental Medicine, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Dentistry, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ozant Oncag
- Ege University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Izmir, Turkey
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Tuamsomboon P, Charumanee S, Junmahasathien T, Louwakul P. Effect of Vehicles and Irrigation Solutions and Methods on Removal of Double Antibiotic Paste from Root Canals: Insights from High-performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis. J Endod 2024; 50:1307-1313. [PMID: 38851482 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In regenerative endodontics, eradicating antibiotic residues from root canals is imperative, given their detrimental effects on human apical papilla stem cells. Previous antibiotic removal studies lacked precision in identifying types and quantities of residual antibiotics. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) enhances sensitivity and specificity, enabling accurate detection and quantification of residual drugs. Using HPLC analysis, this study explored the influence of vehicles and irrigation solutions and methods on double antibiotic paste (DAP) removal from root canals. METHODS Two DAP formulations, each containing 5 mg/mL ciprofloxacin and metronidazole, were created using distinct vehicles: macrogol and propylene glycol (MP) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Subsequently, 5 μL of DAP was applied to 200 simulated immature teeth with open apices (n = 100 per formulation) and cultured for 28 days at 37°C. Samples were then divided into 11 groups (n = 20 per group), and canals were irrigated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or 10% citric acid, employing a positive pressure syringe or passive ultrasonic irrigation. The irrigation solution and dentin sample from each tooth were evaluated via HPLC for ciprofloxacin and metronidazole quantification. RESULTS Citric acid exhibited significantly superior efficacy in antibiotic removal from root canals, with no observable effect of irrigation methods on drug removal. The HPMC-based DAP formulation significantly enhanced ciprofloxacin removal compared with MP-based DAP. CONCLUSIONS For antibiotic paste removal from root canals, citric acid is effective, and HPMC is a preferable vehicle over MP. Overall, HPLC is a valuable method for detecting, removing, and quantifying residual antibiotics in root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornsupa Tuamsomboon
- Postgraduate Student in Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Chiang Mai University, Mueang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suporn Charumanee
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Mueang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Taepin Junmahasathien
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Mueang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phumisak Louwakul
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Chiang Mai University, Mueang, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Botero T, Chrepa V, Shrestha A, Gibbs J, Hezaimi KA, Law A, Sedgley C, Hargreaves KM. Web-Based Survey on Regenerative Endodontic Practices among Members of the American Association of Endodontists. J Endod 2024; 50:1281-1288. [PMID: 38906528 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The American Association of Endodontics (AAE) Regenerative Endodontics Committee reports here the web-based survey data of regenerative endodontic procedures performed by the AAE members from 2008 to 2019. METHODS The web-based survey consisted of 2 questionnaires, a revascularization and a follow-up, including clinical and radiographic data at 3, 6, 12 or >12 months after treatment. Data from demographics, etiology, clinical protocols, radiographic, and clinical outcome as perceived by the clinicians were recorded. From 927 entries, 184 full cases were submitted and 126 were suitable for radiographic analysis. The data were divided into cases with 6-12 months and cases with >12 months recall time. Descriptive statistics and univariate analyses were performed. RESULTS Predominantly patients were male (63%), average 10 years-old with anterior teeth (77.2%) due to trauma (69.6%). A wide variation in regenerative endodontic procedures protocols was reported by the AAE members. The most common clinical protocols used minimal instrumentation (75.5%), 2.5% or higher concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (83.7%), and antibiotic paste as intracanal medication (58.7%). The majority reported blood clot formation (56%) and most common coronal capping material was white mineral trioxide aggregates (50.5%). Increases in radiographic root length, and radiographic root area were proportional to the time lapsed after treatment. Overall, case outcomes were categorized by clinicians as successful (54.3%), uncertain (23.9%), and unsuccessful (3.8%). CONCLUSIONS This web-based survey provides a valuable perspective on case selection, clinical protocols, and perceived outcomes for regenerative endodontic procedures and supports the need for future higher level evidence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Botero
- Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics Department, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Vanessa Chrepa
- Department of Endodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Annie Shrestha
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Gibbs
- Division of Endodontics in Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mississippi
| | - Khalid Al Hezaimi
- Department of Endodontics and Periodontics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alan Law
- Division of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Private Practice, Lake Elmo, Minnesota
| | - Christine Sedgley
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kenneth M Hargreaves
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Kaufman AY, Kahler B. Arrest and repair of inflammatory root resorption after an endodontic regeneration procedure - a hypothesis and case report. J Endod 2024:S0099-2399(24)00478-3. [PMID: 39216624 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION External Inflammatory Root Resorption (EIRR) is a significant complication that can occur following traumatic dental injuries, with a prevalence of approximately 18%. Most cases occur during the early stage of the mixed dentition. Specifically, EIRR occurs in approximately 5-8% of luxation injuries, 30% of replanted teeth following avulsion, and 38% of intruded teeth. Conventional methods for addressing EIRR in immature teeth pose several challenges. This often requires numerous dental visits where Ledermix® and calcium hydroxide are used, which may significantly prolong the treatment. Additionally, the effect of prolonged use of calcium hydroxide medication in the root canal is debatable. Recent publications have highlighted the ability of regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) to effectively stop and repair external inflammatory root resorption (EIRR) in a relatively brief time, yielding impressive results. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism responsible for this effect remains unclear. METHODS A hypothesis is proposed and drawn from existing data, explaining the mechanism by which RET triggers alterations in the root dimensions of necrotic immature teeth, facilitating continuous root maturation. The hypothesis suggests that bioactive molecules, including growth factors, might be able to penetrate the denuded dentin, reach the resorbed area, and attract stem cells from the surrounding periodontal ligament (PDL) and adjacent bone, leading to the arrest of the resorption process. RESULTS This recruitment may trigger repair mechanisms, ultimately resulting in the coverage of the denuded dentin with a new layer of PDL, cementoid, and cementum. CONCLUSIONS A hypothesis of the potential mechanism in which RET may arrest EIRR is presented along with a case report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arieh Y Kaufman
- Department of Endodontology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Emeritus professor)
| | - Bill Kahler
- Department of Restorative and Reconstructive Dentistry, Sydney Dental School, The University of Sydney, Surry Hills, 2010, Australia.
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Martin G, Cires F, Alberdi J, Rourera CI, Bonnin C, Rôças IN, Siqueira JF. Dens invaginatus Type II in an Immature Lateral Incisor With Apical Periodontitis Treated With Regenerative and Strategic Antimicrobial Procedures: A Case Report. J Endod 2024:S0099-2399(24)00399-6. [PMID: 39025207 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Dens invaginatus is a developmental dental anomaly that can predispose the tooth to pulp and periradicular disease. Management of this condition can be challenging because of anatomic and microbiologic issues. This case report describes the regenerative endodontic treatment using a strategic antimicrobial protocol for management of an immature maxillary lateral incisor with type-II dens invaginatus associated with apical periodontitis in a 13-year-old patient. The tooth presented with a complex anatomy and was associated with an active sinus tract. Because the true root canal was not negotiable in its coronal part due to the presence of the dens invaginatus, the closed end of the invagination (pseudocanal) was perforated to permit access to the apical segment of the true root canal for cleaning and disinfection. Both the invagination and the true canal were treated using an antimicrobial regimen based on chemomechanical preparation with sodium hypochlorite irrigation, supplementary disinfection with passive ultrasonic irrigation and interappointment calcium hydroxide medication. After 2 exchanges of calcium hydroxide medication, the sinus tract did not disappear, then the antimicrobial protocol was changed to include an antibiotic solution for irrigation and antibiotic paste for intracanal medication. After signs and symptoms disappeared, regenerative endodontic treatment was performed by inducing blood clot formation within the root canal. The coronal canal segment including the invagination was filled with Biodentine. Follow-up including cone-beam computed tomography examination showed complete healing of the apical periodontitis lesion and mineralized tissue formation at the apical portion of the true root canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Martin
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Posgraduate Program in Endodontics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Florencia Cires
- Posgraduate Program in Endodontics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jorge Alberdi
- Posgraduate Program in Endodontics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cecilia I Rourera
- Posgraduate Program in Endodontics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Bonnin
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Posgraduate Program in Endodontics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José F Siqueira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kahler B, Lu J, Taha NA. Regenerative endodontic treatment and traumatic dental injuries. Dent Traumatol 2024. [PMID: 38989999 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Pulp necrosis is the most common complication following dental trauma and is often associated with apical periodontitis. The management of these teeth is challenging in terms of large root canals, open apices, thin dentinal walls, and short roots. Over decades the conventional treatment for these teeth was calcium hydroxide apexification, a time-consuming procedure despite high success rates. Subsequently after the introduction of mineral trioxide aggregate and hydraulic calcium silicate materials single visit apical plug procedures became increasingly practiced with comparable success rates to the conventional apexification. The search continued afterward for a clinical procedure that may stimulate further root development and apical closure to avoid the long-term complication of root fracture after apexification. Regenerative procedures using stem cells derived from the apical papilla and blood clots as scaffolds were then introduced for the management of immature teeth, with variable protocols and success rates. This review will cover the evidence available and current position of regenerative endodontic procedures in traumatized immature teeth with apical periodontitis, in terms of clinical protocols, outcome, and potential prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Kahler
- Department of Restorative and Reconstructive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jing Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nessrin A Taha
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Biswas KP, Desai D, Shetty KV, Thomas D, Gupta A, Metkari SS, Laddha R. Restoring Vitality: The Science and Practice of Pulp Revascularization in Endodontics. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S1941-S1943. [PMID: 39346430 PMCID: PMC11426863 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_79_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulp revascularization is an emerging treatment modality in endodontics aimed at preserving the vitality and function of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp and apical periodontitis. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the current state of pulp revascularization, encompassing its rationale, clinical procedures, indications, contraindications, advantages, limitations, and potential future prospects. By critically analyzing the existing literature and clinical experiences, this review aims to offer insights into the efficacy, challenges, and potential advancements in the field of pulp revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhaval Desai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Science, Dharamsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, India
| | - K Vikram Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Science, Amargadh, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Delphia Thomas
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Aditi Gupta
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Rashmi Laddha
- HOD, Department of Periodontics, Dr Rajesh Ramdasji Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola, Maharastra, India
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Pan J, Luo L, Jiang Z, Huang H, Jiang B. The effect of injectable platelet-rich fibrin and platelet-rich fibrin in regenerative endodontics: a comparative in vitro study. J Appl Oral Sci 2024; 32:e20230449. [PMID: 38896639 PMCID: PMC11178352 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the feasibility of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) in regenerative endodontics by comparing the effect of i-PRF and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on the biological behavior and angiogenesis of human stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs). METHODOLOGY i-PRF and PRF were obtained from venous blood by two different centrifugation methods, followed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to quantify the growth factors. SCAPs were cultured with different concentrations of i-PRF extract (i-PRFe) and PRF extract (PRFe), and the optimal concentrations were selected using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The cell proliferation and migration potentials of SCAPs were then observed using the CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Mineralization ability was detected by alizarin red staining (ARS), and angiogenesis ability was detected by tube formation assay. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to evaluate the expression of genes related to mineralization and angiogenesis. The data were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS i-PRF and PRF showed a similar three-dimensional fibrin structure, while i-PRF released a higher concentration of growth factors than PRF ( P <.05). 1/4× i-PRFe and 1/4× PRFe were selected as the optimal concentrations. The cell proliferation rate of the i-PRFe group was higher than that of the PRFe group ( P <.05), while no statistical difference was observed between them in terms of cell mitigation ( P >.05). More importantly, our results showed that i-PRFe had a stronger effect on SCAPs than PRFe in facilitating mineralization and angiogenesis, with the consistent result of RT-qPCR ( P <.05). CONCLUSION This study revealed that i-PRF released a higher concentration of growth factors and was superior to PRF in promoting proliferation, mineralization and angiogenesis of SCAPs, which indicates that i-PRF could be a promising biological scaffold for application in pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration , Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University , Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai , China
| | - Linjuan Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration , Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University , Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai , China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration , Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University , Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai , China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration , Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University , Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai , China
| | - Beizhan Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration , Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University , Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai , China
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10
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Erdogan O, Casey SM, Bahammam A, Son M, Mora M, Park G, Fox D, Flake N, Khan A, Gibbs JL. Radiographic Evaluation of Regenerative Endodontic Procedures and Apexification Treatments with the Assessment of External Root Resorption. J Endod 2024:S0099-2399(24)00345-5. [PMID: 38878998 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This multicentered cohort study evaluated the radiographic outcomes of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) and apexification treatments (APEX) of immature teeth with endodontic disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cohort study included a retrospective record review and prospective data collection of pediatric patients with teeth treated with REPs or APEX between 2005 and 2014. Data including the presence of a periapical lesion, external root resorption, obliteration, apical hard tissue, apical closure, intracanal calcifications, and radiographic root area (RRA) change based on measurements were collected/measured from radiographic images. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. RESULTS The cohort included 190 subjects (204 teeth (92 REPs; 112 APEX)). The frequency of pretreatment periapical pathology was similar between cases in which the clinical treatment failed versus successful treatment cases. However, the frequency of pretreatment external root resorption was higher in failed cases than in successful cases (P = .007). The mean RRA change was greater than twenty percent in 21% of the REPs cases. In traumatized teeth, REPs resulted in less hard tissue formation than other endodontic disease etiologies measured by RRA (P = .001). Fifty-three percent of cases with ERR (16/30) showed signs of healing/arrest and were mostly treated with REPs (11/16). CONCLUSIONS The presence of ERR negatively affected the treatment outcome. There was significant variability in RRA change in REPs. Signs of healing/arrest of the resorptive lesion were radiographically visible in many cases treated with REPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Erdogan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York.
| | - Sharon M Casey
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anas Bahammam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Min Son
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marie Mora
- Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Gyu Park
- Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York; Private Practice, Montclair, New Jersey
| | - Dani Fox
- Department of Endodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, Washington; Private Practice, Gastonia, North Caroline
| | - Natasha Flake
- Department of Endodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, Washington
| | - Asma Khan
- Department of Endodontics, University of North Caroline Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health San Antonio School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jennifer L Gibbs
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York.
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11
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Asal MA, Elkalla IH, Awad SM, Elhawary YM, Alhosainy AY. Comparative Evaluation of Platelet-rich Fibrin and Treated Dentin Matrix in Regenerative Endodontic Treatment of Nonvital Immature Permanent Teeth: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024; 25:563-574. [PMID: 39364823 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and treated dentin matrix (TDM) in regenerative endodontic treatment and periapical healing of nonvital immature permanent teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four children aged between 7 and 11 years, each presenting with a nonvital immature permanent upper central incisor, were selected. They were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 12), group I (PRF) and group II (TDM). Baseline clinical findings were recorded, and preoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was taken. Follow-up was done clinically for 15 months at 3-month intervals (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 months), and CBCT was taken at the end of the 15-month follow-up. Root length, apical diameter, radiographic root area (RRA), and size of the periapical lesion were quantitively assessed at the end of follow-up period and compared to the preoperative CBCT. RESULTS Clinical success was 100% in both groups by the end of the follow-up period. Radiographically, after a 15-month follow-up, there was a significant increase in root length and RRA, and there was also a significant reduction in apical diameter and lesion size within each group (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding the mean percentage of increase in root length and mean percentage of reduction of apical diameter (p > 0.05). On the other hand, PRF showed more increase in RRA and more reduction in lesion size, with a statistically significant difference between both groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Both PRF and TDM were clinically successful. Platelet-rich fibrin showed better radiographic outcomes and periapical healing. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Platelet-rich fibrin is a viable scaffold to aid further root development and resolution of periapical lesions of nonvital immature permanent teeth. Further studies with different forms of TDM are needed to assess the efficacy of TDM in regenerative endodontic treatment of nonvital immature permanent teeth. How to cite this article: Asal MA, Elkalla IH, Awad SM, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Platelet-rich Fibrin and Treated Dentin Matrix in Regenerative Endodontic Treatment of Nonvital Immature Permanent Teeth: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(6):563-574.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Asal
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt, Phone: +002 01276687730, e-mail:
| | - Ibrahim H Elkalla
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Salwa M Awad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yousry M Elhawary
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Y Alhosainy
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Hanafy MS, Abdella Ahmed AK, Salem RG. Impact of using XP-endo finisher and nanobubble water during EDTA dentin conditioning on TGF-β1 release in regenerative endodontic procedures. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:595. [PMID: 38778321 PMCID: PMC11112901 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) plays a crucial role in the success of Regenerative Endodontic Procedures (REPs) as they directly impact the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. TGF-β1 is released by conditioning of the dentin matrix using 17% EDTA. EDTA was found to have deleterious effects on dentin especially in immature teeth with fragile dentin walls. Decreasing the irrigation time was reported to decrease these effects. Accordingly, enhancement and activation of the EDTA solution to maintain its efficiency in TGF-β1 release from dentin and thus compensating the reduction in irrigation time was employed. EDTA solution was enhanced by adding Nanobubble (NB) water which contains oxygen filled cavities less than 200 nm in diameter. Additionally, EDTA was activated with XP-endo Finisher rotary file. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of NB enhancement and/or XP-endo Finisher activation of the EDTA solution on the TGF-β1 release from dentin. METHODS Fifty standardized root segments with open apex were allocated to two main groups according to whether EDTA was enhanced with NB water or not, and within each group whether XP-endo Finisher activation was used or not in addition to a Negative Control group. The concentration of the released TGF-β1 in the root canal was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The statistical analysis was done using the Shapiro- Wilk, Kolmogorov Smirnov, ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey tests. RESULTS All groups released a considerable amount of TGF-β1 with the highest values in the EDTA/NB/XP group, followed by EDTA/NB, EDTA/DW/XP, EDTA/DW and Negative Control groups respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that NBs can promote the success of REPs since it revealed a significant increase in the TGF-β1 release following its use in the enhancement of the EDTA solution. A comparable effect was obtained by XP-endo finisher activation of the EDTA solution. The combined use of NBs and XP-endo Finisher can be a promising addition in REPs. Accordingly, Enhancement and activation of the EDTA solution may compensate decreasing the EDTA irrigation time attempted to avoid the deleterious effect of EDTA on dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Sayed Hanafy
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | | | - Rana Gehad Salem
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
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Abdellatif D, Iandolo A, De Benedetto G, Giordano F, Mancino D, Euvrard E, Pisano M. Pulp regeneration treatment using different bioactive materials in permanent teeth of pediatric subjects. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:458-484. [PMID: 38939542 PMCID: PMC11205167 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_140_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives The present systematic review aims to assess the success rate of the pulp regeneration treatment, according to the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) criteria, using different bioactive materials in permanent teeth of pediatric subjects (6-17 years of age). Materials and Methods The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. The question formulation was accomplished using the PICO model, and an electronic search was carried out on Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases till April 1, 2023. A total of 30 studies were established to fulfill the inclusion criteria of this systematic review. Results A total of 273 teeth have been treated with pulp regeneration treatment. By comparing different biomaterials and the success criteria defined by the AAE, the material associated with a higher success rate was found to be the white mineral trioxide aggregate. However, the overall success rate of pulp regeneration treatment was reported for 248 out of 273 teeth (91.20%). Conclusions Data obtained support the potential that regenerative endodontics aids in continuing root development in permanent immature teeth. Further studies are needed for a more extensive evaluation of the use of different biomaterials and the success rate in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Abdellatif
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alfredo Iandolo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Giordano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Davide Mancino
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, Federation of Medicine Translational of Strasbourg and Federation of Materials and Nanoscience of Alsace, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, CHU Besançon, France
| | - Edouard Euvrard
- Service of Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology and Hospital Odontology, CHU Besançon, France
- Laboratoire Sinergies EA 4662, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Massimo Pisano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Kriplani S, Sedani S, Mishra A, Umre U. Non-surgical Management of Periapical Lesions With the Use of Newer Modalities in Adjunct to the Conventional: A Case Series. Cureus 2024; 16:e57314. [PMID: 38690465 PMCID: PMC11059846 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
For endodontic therapy to be successful, the root canal space must be sterilized. This is often done using intracanal irrigants and medications. To accomplish periradicular region sterilization and healing, various intracanal medicaments and irrigation techniques have been researched for better treatment outcomes. Ozonated olive oil is the most researched and successful adjunct to other medicaments owing to its antibacterial properties. Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline) was incorporated as an inter-appointment intracanal dressing. Currently, many newer advances are depicting synergistic effects in the elimination of persistent endodontic pathogens. Given this, in the current case series, periapical lesions were managed non-surgically for alternating weeks by the advent of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and ozonated olive oil (O3-oil) with laser activation. Irrigation and its effects were further enhanced with the use of a laser, aiming for thorough debridement and rendering the canal free of microbes. Once the patient was asymptomatic and there was no sinus drainage seen, final obturation was done. Therefore, this case series depicts that traditional root canal therapy with the use of ozonated olive oil and laser activation can non-surgically heal the lesion, leading to successful treatment outcomes. Periapical lesions in three cases have been observed; on the initial visit, all lesions were accessible, cleansed, and shaped. We administered ozonated olive oil with laser activation and a triple antibiotic paste on the following visit. In all three cases, six-month follow-ups have shown evidence of a successful course of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Kriplani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Shweta Sedani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Abeer Mishra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Utkarsh Umre
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Wu YC, Yu N, Rivas C, Mehrnia N, Kantarci A, Van Dyke T. RvE1 Promotes Axin2+ Cell Regeneration and Reduces Bacterial Invasion. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1478-1487. [PMID: 37837227 PMCID: PMC10767698 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231197156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vital pulp therapy and root canal therapy (RCT) are the dominant treatment for irreversible pulpitis. While the success rate of these procedures is favorable, they have some limitations. For instance, RCT leads to removing significant dentin in the coronal third of the tooth that increases root-fracture risk, which forces tooth removal. The ideal therapeutic goal is dental pulp regeneration, which is not achievable with RCT. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) are well known for inflammatory resolution. The resolution of inflammation and tissue restoration or regeneration is a dynamic and continuous process. SPMs not only have potent immune-modulating functions but also effectively promote tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Resolvins have been shown to promote dental pulp regeneration. The purpose of this study was to explore further the cellular target of Resolvin E1 (RvE1) therapy in dental pulp regeneration and the impact of RvE1 in infected pulps. We investigated the actions of RvE1 on experimentally exposed pulps with or without microbial infection in an Axin2Cre-Dox;Ai14 genetically defined mouse model. Our results showed RvE1 promoted Axin2-tdTomato+ cell expansion and odontoblastic differentiation after direct pulp capping in the mouse, which we used to mimic reversible pulpitis cases in the clinic. In cultured mouse dental pulp stem cells (mDPSCs), RvE1 facilitated Axin2-tdTomato+ cell proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation and also rescued impaired functions after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. In infected pulps exposed to the oral environment for 24 h, RvE1 suppressed inflammatory infiltration, reduced bacterial invasion in root canals, and prevented the development of apical periodontitis, while its proregenerative impact was limited. Collectively, topical treatment with RvE1 facilitated dental pulp regenerative properties by promoting Axin2-expressing cell proliferation and differentiation. It also modulated the resolution of inflammation, reduced infection severity, and prevented apical periodontitis, presenting RvE1 as a novel therapeutic for treating endodontic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C. Wu
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - N. Yu
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C.A. Rivas
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N. Mehrnia
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A. Kantarci
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T.E. Van Dyke
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Wang G, Yuan F, Ying W, Xu J. The effects of different regenerative technologies and materials on wound healing after surgical endodontic therapy: A meta-analysis. Int Wound J 2023; 20:4340-4348. [PMID: 37437962 PMCID: PMC10681480 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A meta-analysis was performed to assess the effects of different regenerative technologies and materials on wound healing after surgical endodontic therapy and provide a reference for surgical endodontic treatment. We searched for studies on the use of regenerative technologies and materials in surgical endodontic therapy via PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data from the time of database creation to December 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted information based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and evaluated the quality of the included studies. A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4. The results showed that the use of regenerative technologies and materials significantly reduced wound healing failures (risk ratio [RR]: 0.30, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.22-0.40, p < 0.001). Moreover, autologous platelet concentrations (APCs) (RR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.15-0.53, p < 0.001) and collagen membrane plus bovine-derived hydroxyapatite (RR: 0.27, 95% CI. 0.12-0.61, p = 0.002) were more effective in improving wound healing failure rates than collagen membrane alone (RR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.20-1.25, p = 0.140). Our findings showed that APCs, as well as collagen membrane plus bovine-derived hydroxyapatite, significantly improved wound healing after surgical endodontic therapy. In contrast, collagen membrane alone did not significantly improve wound healing outcomes. However, currently available studies vary significantly in sample size and methodologies. Hence, high-quality randomised controlled studies with large sample sizes are necessary to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- Department of EndodonticsJinan Stomatological HospitalJinanChina
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of ProsthodonticsJinan Stomatological HospitalJinanChina
| | - Wanggui Ying
- Shungeng BranchJinan Stomatological HospitalJinanChina
| | - Jie Xu
- Oral Implantology Center of Jinan Stomatological HospitalJinanChina
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17
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Kim HC, Kwak SW, Cheung GSP. Long-term follow-up of single-visit pulp revascularisation for the dens evaginatus and dens invaginatus: Cases report. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:675-683. [PMID: 37309727 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This article documents cases of single-visit pulp revascularisation for dens evaginatus and dens invaginatus, without using intracranial medicaments or antibiotics, aiming to provide a potentially applicable protocol for pulp revascularisation procedure in a single-visit. Two patients with chief complaints of pain and swelling visited a dental hospital. Radiographs revealed that the causative teeth had an open apex and periapical radiolucency, and the teeth were diagnosed as pulp necrosis and acute apical abscess or symptomatic apical periodontitis. For both cases, single-visit revascularisation was completed without intracanal medicaments or antibiotics. The patients were periodically recalled to evaluate periapical healing after treatment. The apical lesion healed, and the root dentin thickening was observed. The single-visit pulp revascularisation procedure without using specific intracanal medicaments can produce clinically favourable results for these dental anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sang Won Kwak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Gary Shun-Pan Cheung
- Area of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong, China
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Lerdrungroj K, Banomyong D, Songtrakul K, Porkaew P, Nakornchai S. Current Management of Dens Evaginatus Teeth Based on Pulpal Diagnosis. J Endod 2023; 49:1230-1237. [PMID: 37506764 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dens evaginatus (DE) is a dental anomaly with a supernumerary tubercle projection that typically contains dentin and pulp tissue. However, the tubercle projection can fracture, exposing the dentin and potentially the dental pulp, which induces pulpal diseases. Managing DE should be primarily based on the clinical diagnosis of the pulp. METHODS The literature search in prevalence, prophylaxis, and management of dens evaginatus was performed in PubMed database as well as by manual search, in which the related contents were collected and descriptively analyzed. RESULTS Of the 264 searched literatures, 62 articles were included for this scoping review. The prophylactic management of the tubercle of DE teeth with a normal pulp should be performed as early as possible by the prep-and-fill technique or the reinforcement technique to preserve tooth vitality and continued root development, with the former reported to be superior compared with the latter. Furthermore, DE teeth with reversible pulpitis should be managed with the prep-and-fill technique. For DE teeth with irreversible pulpitis, vital pulp therapy, ie, partial or full/coronal pulpotomy, should be considered when the pulpal inflammation is limited to the coronal pulp to preserve the vitality of the radicular pulp that induces apexogenesis. A pulpectomy should be performed if the pulpal inflammation has progressed into the radicular pulp. For DE teeth with pulpal necrosis (or after pulpectomy) and immature roots, mineral trioxide aggregate apexification or regenerative endodontic procedures are the treatment options. For DE teeth with pulpal necrosis and complete root formation, nonsurgical root canal treatment is the treatment of choice. A flow chart of the decision-making for managing DE teeth based on pulpal diagnosis is proposed. CONCLUSION DE teeth should be properly managed, by prophylaxis or treatment, depending on pulpal diagnosis and related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danuchit Banomyong
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamolthip Songtrakul
- Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | | | - Siriruk Nakornchai
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Leveque M, Bekhouche M, Farges JC, Aussel A, Sy K, Richert R, Ducret M. Bioactive Endodontic Hydrogels: From Parameters to Personalized Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14056. [PMID: 37762359 PMCID: PMC10531297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) aim at recreating dental pulp tissue using biomaterials such as hydrogels. Their bioactivity is mostly related to the nature of biomolecules or chemical compounds that compose the endodontic hydrogel. However, many other parameters, such as hydrogel concentration, bioactive molecules solubility, and apex size, were reported to influence the reciprocal host-biomaterial relationship and hydrogel behavior. The lack of knowledge regarding these various parameters, which should be considered, leads to the inability to predict the clinical outcome and suggests that the biological activity of endodontic hydrogel is impossible to anticipate and could hinder the bench-to-bedside transition. We describe, in this review, that most of these parameters could be identified, described, and studied. A second part of the review lists some challenges and perspectives, including development of future mathematical models that are able to explain, and eventually predict, the bioactivity of endodontic hydrogel used in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Leveque
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL, 69007 Lyon, France; (M.L.); (M.B.); (J.-C.F.)
| | - Mourad Bekhouche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL, 69007 Lyon, France; (M.L.); (M.B.); (J.-C.F.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Farges
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL, 69007 Lyon, France; (M.L.); (M.B.); (J.-C.F.)
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (K.S.); (R.R.)
- Service d’Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Aussel
- BIOTIS—Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (UMR Inserm 1026), University of Bordeaux, Inserm, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
- UFR d’Odontologie, Université de Bordeaux, 33600 Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Kadiatou Sy
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (K.S.); (R.R.)
- Service d’Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Raphaël Richert
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (K.S.); (R.R.)
- Service d’Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Ducret
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL, 69007 Lyon, France; (M.L.); (M.B.); (J.-C.F.)
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (K.S.); (R.R.)
- Service d’Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
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Martín G, Preve V, Hargreaves K, Diogenes A, Inostroza C, Saint-Jean N, Brizuela C. Effect of Dentin Conditioning with EDTA and Diode Lasers on Expression of Odontoblast-like Cell Markers of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:210. [PMID: 37754330 PMCID: PMC10527775 DOI: 10.3390/dj11090210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures rely on the delivery of mesenchymal stem cells into the root canal and on the effect of local growth factors from the dentin and blood clot. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of dentin conditioning with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diode lasers with different wavelengths (808 nm and 980 nm) on the expression of odontoblast-like cell markers. Forty dentin cylinders were divided into four groups according to the irrigation protocol: EDTA, EDTA + 808 nm diode laser, EDTA + 980 nm diode laser, and phosphate-buffered saline as the control group. Dental pulp stem cells were seeded into the previously conditioned cylinders and incubated for 14 days. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin morphoprotein-1 (DMP-1), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). Data analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The activation of EDTA with 980 nm and 808 nm diode lasers resulted in lower DSPP and DMP-1 expression than that for EDTA alone (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The expression of TGF was similar among all groups. The highest level of expression of odontoblast-like differentiation markers was observed with EDTA alone. However, the use of an 808 nm diode laser during EDTA irrigation reduced the expression of odontoblastic differentiation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Martín
- Department of Endodontics, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | | | - Kenneth Hargreaves
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (K.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Anibal Diogenes
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (K.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Carolina Inostroza
- Dental School, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago de Chile 7550000, Chile; (C.I.); (N.S.-J.); (C.B.)
| | - Nicole Saint-Jean
- Dental School, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago de Chile 7550000, Chile; (C.I.); (N.S.-J.); (C.B.)
| | - Claudia Brizuela
- Dental School, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago de Chile 7550000, Chile; (C.I.); (N.S.-J.); (C.B.)
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Aminsobhani M, HafeziMotlagh K, MahjourianQomi R. Management and saving a traumatized poor prognosis maxillary central incisor for 18 years: A patient-centered treatment. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7905. [PMID: 37700776 PMCID: PMC10493242 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Key clinical message With today's increasing desire to preserve natural teeth, managing teeth with a poor prognosis is a new challenge for clinicians. A dentist's attention to patient-centered care is essential, which improves dental outcomes. Abstract Nowadays, patients' interest in preserving their natural teeth has increased. In the patient-centered care model, the clinician should consider the patient's preferences and values in the treatment plan. This strengthens the patient's responsibility toward his own body, resulting in more patient satisfaction and effective cooperation. Therefore, the skill of saving teeth with a poor prognosis, in which there was no other choice but to extract them, becomes essential in patients who want to preserve their natural teeth. This case report presents the successful 18-year treatment and management of a maxillary central incisor of a 17-year-old male with a horizontal root fracture, who was incompletely treated in another medical center when the trauma occurred. The patient presented to us after 6 months. Due to the short length of the root, the patient underwent regenerative endodontic treatment first, but he did not attend follow-ups. Finally, after 8 years, the patient returned with symptoms of infection and periapical radiolucency. The apical part of the root was resorbed during this time. Finally, it was decided to place an apical plug with MTA. MTA was extruded from the apical part of the root canal during the placement of the apical plug. In the 1-, 2-, 4-, and 10-year follow-ups, the patient was completely asymptomatic, and the radiolucent periradicular lesion had healed. However, the extruded MTA was still present in the radiographic images without interfering with the healing process. Finally, the tooth has remained functional for 18 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Aminsobhani
- Department of EndodonticsDental Research CenterAJA and Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Kimia HafeziMotlagh
- Department of Oral MedicineSchool of DentistryTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Reza MahjourianQomi
- Department of EndodonticsSchool of DentistryTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Ahmed HMA, Nagendrababu V, Duncan HF, Peters OA, Dummer PMH. Developing a consensus-based glossary of controversial terms in Endodontology. Int Endod J 2023; 56:788-791. [PMID: 37300405 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Henry F Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ove A Peters
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul M H Dummer
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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23
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Moradi S, Moushekhian S, Najafi E, Sedigh HS, Navabi S. Efficacy of propolis and triple antibiotic paste as intra-canal medicaments for revascularisation of immature teeth in dogs: a comparative study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2023:10.1007/s40368-023-00806-1. [PMID: 37314621 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM Revascularisation is a therapeutic approach for treatment of immature teeth with necrotic pulp. The conventional protocol includes application of triple antibiotic paste (TAP). The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of propolis and TAP as intra-canal medicaments for revascularisation of immature teeth in dogs. METHODOLOGY This study was conducted on 20 immature (open-apex) canine teeth in mixed breaded dogs. First, the teeth were exposed to oral environment, followed by intra-canal cleaning and shaping 2 weeks later.. The teeth were divided into two groups. The TAP group received paste comprising of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline (at a concentration of 100 µg/mL), while propolis (15% w/v) was used in the other group. The revascularisation procedure was done by means of sodium hypochlorite, EDTA and distilled water as final irrigant. After dehumidifying and induction of bleeding, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was applied At 6-month follow-up, radiographs were evaluated by two observers regarding root length and thickness, intra-canal calcification, periapical lesions, and apex formation. Data were analysed by the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the TAP and propolis groups in root length or root thickness increase, calcification, related lesions, or apex formation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Findings of the present study in experimental animals revealed that the efficacy of propolis as an intra-canal medicament is comparable to that of triple antibiotic paste for revascularisation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moradi
- Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentisry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - S Moushekhian
- Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentisry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - E Najafi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - H S Sedigh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - S Navabi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Hu X, Wang Q, Ma C, Li Q, Zhao C, Xiang K. Is Etiology a Key Factor for Regenerative Endodontic Treatment Outcomes? J Endod 2023:S0099-2399(23)00293-5. [PMID: 37285935 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes of regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) in nonvital immature permanent teeth due to developmental malformation and trauma, and to analyze the influence of etiology on the prognosis. METHODS Fifty-five cases were included and divided into a malformation group (n=33) and a trauma group (n=22). Treatment outcomes were classified as healed, healing and failure. Root development was evaluated in terms of root morphology and the percentage changes in root length, root width and apical diameter during a follow-up period of 12 to 85 months (mean 30.8 months). RESULTS The mean age and the mean degree of root development in the trauma group were significantly younger than that in the malformation group. The success rate of RET was 93.9% (81.8% healed, 12.1% healing) in the malformation group and 90.9% (68.2% healed, 22.7% healing) in the trauma group, showing no statistically significant difference. The proportion of type I-III root morphology in the malformation group (97%, 32/33) was significantly higher than that in the trauma group (77.3%, 17/22) (P<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in the percentage changes of root length, root width and apical diameter between the two groups. Six cases (6/55, 10.9%) showed no significant root development (type IV-V) (1 in the malformation group and 5 in the trauma group). Six cases (6/55, 10.9%) revealed intracanal calcification. CONCLUSIONS RET achieved reliable outcomes regarding the healing of apical periodontitis and continued root development. The etiology seems to influence the outcome of RET. Malformation cases presented with a better prognosis than trauma cases after RET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Hu
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chenxue Ma
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Quanli Li
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chunhui Zhao
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Kun Xiang
- Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
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Kwon SK, Kyeong M, Adasooriya D, Cho SW, Jung IY. Histologic and Electron Microscopic Characterization of a Human Immature Permanent Premolar with Chronic Apical Abscess 16 years after Regenerative Endodontic Procedures. J Endod 2023:S0099-2399(23)00289-3. [PMID: 37268290 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported successful clinical outcomes after regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) for immature permanent teeth with pulpal infection. However, it remains unclear whether the procedures promote true regeneration or repair. This case report describes the histologic and electron microscopic characteristics of a human immature permanent premolar with a chronic apical abscess that was treated with an REP. Tooth #20 of a 9-year-old girl underwent an REP. At the 6-year follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic, and closure of the apex and thickening of the dentinal walls were observed. However, 16 years after the procedure, apical periodontitis recurred, necessitating apical surgery. The resected root fragments were obtained during the surgery and analyzed using micro-computed tomography, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Distinct dentinal tubules and interglobular dentin were observed in the regenerated hard tissue. Cementum-like tissue and a root canal were also observed in the apical fragment. The regenerated root tissue in this case exhibited a structure similar to the native root structure. Therefore, we believe that cell-free REPs possess regenerative potential for teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis and chronic apical abscess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Kyung Kwon
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjae Kyeong
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral biology, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dinuka Adasooriya
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral biology, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Won Cho
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral biology, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Young Jung
- Professor, Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
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Zhang W, Xu T, Li X, Zhang Y, Zou X, Chen F, Yue L. Single-cell atlas of dental pulp stem cells exposed to the oral bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1166934. [PMID: 37287452 PMCID: PMC10242116 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1166934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis promote the development of pulpitis and periapical periodontitis. These bacteria are difficult to eliminate from the root canal systems, leading to persistent infection and poor treatment outcomes. We explored the response of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to bacterial invasion and the mechanisms underlying the impact of residual bacteria on dental pulp regeneration. Methods: Single-cell sequencing was used to categorize the hDPSCs into clusters based on their response to P. gingivalis and E. faecalis. We depicted a single-cell transcriptome atlas of hDPSCs stimulated by P. gingivalis or E. faecalis. Results: The most differentially expressed genes in the Pg samples were THBS1, COL1A2, CRIM1, and STC1, which are related to matrix formation and mineralization, and HILPDA and PLIN2, which are related to the cellular response to hypoxia. A cell cluster characterized by high expression levels of THBS1 and PTGS2 was increased after P. gingivalis stimulation. Further signaling pathway analysis showed that hDPSCs prevented P. gingivalis infection by regulating the TGF-β/SMAD, NF-κB, and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Differentiation potency and pseudotime trajectory analyses showed that hDPSCs infected by P. gingivalis undergo multidirectional differentiation, particularly to the mineralization-related cell lineage. Furthermore, P. gingivalis can create a hypoxia environment to effect cell differentiation. The Ef samples were characterized by the expression of CCL2, which is related to leukocyte chemotaxis, and ACTA2, which is related to actin. There was an increased proportion of a cell cluster that was similar to myofibroblasts and exhibited significant ACTA2 expression. The presence of E. faecalis promoted the differentiation of hDPSCs into fibroblast-like cells, which highlights the role of fibroblast-like cells and myofibroblasts in tissue repair. Discussion: hDPSCs do not maintain their stem cell status in the presence of P. gingivalis and E. faecalis. They differentiate into mineralization-related cells in the presence of P. gingivalis and into fibroblast-like cells in the presence of E. faecalis. We identified the mechanism underlying the infection of hDPSCs by P. gingivalis and E. faecalis. Our results will improve understanding of the pathogenesis of pulpitis and periapical periodontitis. Furthermore, the presence of residual bacteria can have adverse effects on the outcomes of regenerative endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department Cariology, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Tiansong Xu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department Cariology, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zou
- Department Cariology, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Center of Stomatology, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yue
- Department Cariology, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
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Biradar N, Ragulakollu R, Tej G, Bogishetty C, Gandham S, Vardhan P. Combination Therapy of Antibiotics and Platelet-rich Fibrin for Apical Closure: Case Series. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:541-546. [PMID: 37496947 PMCID: PMC10367293 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of endodontic treatment in immature teeth is to disinfect and regenerate tissues in the apical region for the closure of the root. Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) by differentiating into odontogenic and osteogenic tissues create apical closure. Triple antibiotic pastes (TAP) disinfect the root canal without adversely affecting the SCAP. Differentiation of SCAP is promoted by platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). Hence, combining TAP and PRF could have a synergistic effect. Case description An 11-year-old girl, a 9-year-old boy, and a 13-year-old boy, symptomatic patients with open apex, are treated with TAP, PRF, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as an apical barrier sequentially. There was the formation of a calcific barrier at the end of 12, 6, and 3 months, respectively. Conclusion Correct diagnosis and protocol of sequential disinfection, regeneration, and finally filling the canal with an apical barrier could yield better results. How to cite this article Biradar N, Ragulakollu R, Tej G, et al. Combination Therapy of Antibiotics and Platelet-rich Fibrin for Apical Closure: Case Series. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(3):541-546.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Biradar
- Department of Dentistry, Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh Ragulakollu
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences (MRIDS), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gururam Tej
- Department of Periodontics, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences (MRIDS), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chittaranjan Bogishetty
- Department of Prosthodontics, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences (MRIDS), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Srehitha Gandham
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences (MRIDS), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pavan Vardhan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences (MRIDS), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Yong J, Gröger S, Wu Z, Ruf S, Ye Y, Chen X. Photobiomodulation Therapy and Pulp-Regenerative Endodontics: A Narrative Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030371. [PMID: 36978762 PMCID: PMC10045842 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) were used to recover the dental pulp’s vitality in order to avoid the undesirable outcomes of conventional endodontic treatment and to promote dentinal formation, especially for immature permanent teeth. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) exhibits photobiological and photochemical effects for improving the root canal’s environmental conditions by compensating for oxidative stress and increasing the blood supply to implanted stem cells and improving their survival. Basic research has revealed that PBMT can modulate human dental pulp stem cells’ (hDPSCs) differentiation, proliferation, and activity, and subsequent tissue activation. However, many unclear points still remain regarding the mechanisms of action induced by PBMT in REPs. Therefore, in this review, we present the applications of laser and PBMT irradiation to the procedures of REPs and in endodontics. In addition, the effects of PBMT on the regenerative processes of hDPSCs are reviewed from biochemical and cytological perspectives on the basis of the available literature. Furthermore, we consider the feasibility of treatment in which PBMT irradiation is applied to stem cells, including dental pulp stem cells, and we discuss research that has reported on its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yong
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Gröger
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Zuping Wu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Yuer Ye
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Correspondence:
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Effects of EDTA and saline as the final irrigation in regenerative endodontic procedures on the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:1973-1980. [PMID: 36790627 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of EDTA and saline as the final irrigation in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPS) on the attachment, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Dentin specimens from 140 human third molars were irrigated with various protocols-group 1: normal sterile saline (NSS), group 2: EDTA, group 3: EDTA then 5 mL NSS, or group 4: EDTA then 20 mL NSS. The specimens were used in cell assays. For cell proliferation, SCAPs were seeded on dentin, and the cell viability on days 1, 3, and 7 was determined using an MTT assay. At day 3, the attached cells' morphology was observed using SEM, and cell migration was investigated using a transwell migration assay. The ALP activity and odonto/osteogenic differentiation gene expression were evaluated at days 7, 14, and 21 using an ALP activity assay and RT-qPCR. RESULTS On days 3 and 7, group 4 demonstrated more viable cells than group 1 (p < 0.01). The amount of migrated cells in groups 2, 3, and 4 was greater compared with group 1 (p < 0.05). Moreover, SCAP differentiation was similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS Irrigating dentin with EDTA alone or with EDTA then NSS promoted SCAP migration. However, a final irrigation with 20 mL NSS after EDTA promoted SCAP proliferation without affecting their differentiation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE When using a blood clot as a scaffold, a final flushing with 20 mL NSS after EDTA could be beneficial for clinical REP protocols.
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Liu L, Wu D, Tu H, Cao M, Li M, Peng L, Yang J. Applications of Hydrogels in Drug Delivery for Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020146. [PMID: 36826316 PMCID: PMC9956178 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial diseases have an important impact on local function, facial appearance, and general health. As a multifunctional platform, hydrogels are widely used in the biomedical field due to their excellent physicochemical properties. In recent years, a large number of studies have been conducted to adapt hydrogels to the complex oral and maxillofacial environment by modulating their pore size, swelling, degradability, stimulus-response properties, etc. Meanwhile, many studies have attempted to use hydrogels as drug delivery carriers to load drugs, cytokines, and stem cells for antibacterial, anticancer, and tissue regeneration applications in oral and maxillofacial regions. This paper reviews the application and research progress of hydrogel-based drug delivery systems in the treatment of oral and maxillofacial diseases such as caries, endodontic diseases, periodontal diseases, maxillofacial bone diseases, mucosal diseases, oral cancer, etc. The characteristics and applications of hydrogels and drug-delivery systems employed for the treatment of different diseases are discussed in order to provide a reference for further research on hydrogel drug-delivery systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Heng Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengjiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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Kumar JK, Surendranath P, Eswaramoorthy R. Regeneration of immature incisor using platelet rich fibrin: report of a novel clinical application. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:69. [PMID: 36732777 PMCID: PMC9896711 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endodontic treatment of young permanent teeth with necrotic pulp presents a clinical challenge for the dentist, and conventional endodontic treatment will result in tooth fracture along with a poor prognosis. Regenerative endodontics is a new protocol that has been advanced in the last decades for managing immature permanent teeth. Rare successful management of immature permanent incisors using platelet-rich fibrin is a technique-sensitive procedure. CASE PRESENTATION A 08 years 04 months old female reported the chief complaint of pain in the upper front tooth region for one week. A blunderbuss canal was identified on radiographic examination, and revascularization using platelet-rich fibrin was planned and adopted. After the treatment, apical closure and root lengthening were noted without complications during subsequent follow-ups. Complete periapical healing with greater than 1.5 cm of dentinal thickness was noted. CONCLUSION Revascularization can be considered a viable treatment option for immature nonvital permanent teeth; with advancements in regenerative medicine and clinical practices, revascularization therapies could be developed as a novel mode of treatment in non-vital and dental traumatic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishnu Krishna Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India.
| | | | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University (ASTU), PO. 18888, Adama, Ethiopia.
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India.
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de Oliveira RA, Weissheimer T, Só GB, da Rosa RA, Souza MA, Ribeiro RG, Só MVR. Dentinal tubule penetration of sodium hypochlorite in root canals with and without mechanical preparation and different irrigant activation methods. Restor Dent Endod 2023; 48:e1. [PMID: 36875814 PMCID: PMC9982243 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2023.48.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the dentinal penetration depth of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in root canals with and without preparation and different irrigant activation protocols. Materials and Methods Sixty-three bovine mandibular incisors were randomly allocated to 6 groups (n = 10): G1, preparation + conventional needle irrigation (CNI); G2, preparation + passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); G3, preparation + Odous Clean (OC); G4, no preparation + CNI; G5, no preparation + PUI; G6, no preparation + OC; and CG (negative control; n = 3). Samples were filled with crystal violet for 72 hours. Irrigant activation was performed. Samples were sectioned perpendicularly along the long axis, 3 mm and 7 mm from the apex. Images of the root thirds of each block were captured with a stereomicroscope and analyzed with an image analysis software. One-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey post hoc test, and the Student's t-test were used for data analysis, with a significance level of 5%. Results The NaOCl penetration depth was similar when preparation was performed, regardless of the method of irrigation activation (p > 0.05). In the groups without preparation, G6 showed greater NaOCl penetration depth (p < 0.05). The groups without preparation had a greater NaOCl penetration depth than those with preparation (p = 0.0019). Conclusions The NaOCl penetration depth was similar in groups with root canal preparation. Without root canal preparation, OC allowed deeper NaOCl penetration. The groups without preparation had greater NaOCl penetration than those undergoing root canal preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Aqel de Oliveira
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Theodoro Weissheimer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Barcelos Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Abreu da Rosa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Albino Souza
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gonçalves Ribeiro
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Reis Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Huang F, Cheng L, Li J, Ren B. Nanofibrous scaffolds for regenerative endodontics treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1078453. [PMID: 36578510 PMCID: PMC9790898 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1078453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Untreated dental caries, tooth trauma and dental anatomical variations such as dens invaginatus can result in pulpitis. However, standard root canal therapy cannot treat immature permanent teeth due to an open apical foramen and thin dentinal walls. Thus, regenerative endodontics treatment (RET) following a disinfection step with pulp regeneration has been developed. Pulp connective-tissue, dentin formation, revascularization and reinnervation can occur in this procedure which should be supplemented with intelligent biomaterials to improve repeatability and support well-coordinated regeneration. Furthermore, nanofibrous scaffolds, as one of the most commonly used materials, show promise. The purpose of this article is to highlight the advantages of nanofibrous scaffolds and discuss the future modification and application of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Tang Q, Jin H, Lin S, Ma L, Tian T, Qin X. Are platelet concentrate scaffolds superior to traditional blood clot scaffolds in regeneration therapy of necrotic immature permanent teeth? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:589. [PMID: 36494711 PMCID: PMC9733063 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of platelet concentrates in promoting root development of necrotic immature permanent teeth is unclear. The present study evaluated whether the platelet concentrate protocol was superior to the traditional blood clot protocol in regeneration therapy. METHODS We searched Electronic databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials and EMBASE. Randomized controlled trial studies, cohort studies, case-control studies and cross-sectional studies were included, in which platelet-rich concentrates were tested for periapical healing and root development, with the blood clot treatment protocol as the control group. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were considered. Selected articles were assessed for risk of bias. Pooled risk ratios (risk ratio, RR) were calculated for clinical success, responses to cold and electric pulp tests, periapical lesions, apex closure, root lengthening, and thickening of the dentin walls. Subgroup meta-analysis were conducted according to the type of platelet concentrate used. RESULTS Of the 1272 screened studies, 13 randomized controlled studies, 2 case-control studies and 1 cohort study were selected, in which 465 immature necrotic permanent teeth, particularly incisors and premolars, were treated. Of these 465 teeth, 457 (98.2%) in both the control and experimental groups remained clinically asymptomatic for the entire study duration, whereas eight (1.8%) showed signs and symptoms of failure, including spontaneous pain, sensitivity to percussion or reinfection. Compared with control teeth, teeth treated with PRP achieved better apical healing than BC group (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.26, P = 0.03), and teeth treated with platelet concentrates showed improved apical closure (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.86-1.25, P = 0.69), root lengthening (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.74-1.39, P = 0.93), and thickening of the dentin walls (RR 1.35, 95% CI 0.95-1.93, P = 0.09), although these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Platelet concentrates can be used as successful scaffolds for regenerative endodontic treatment of necrotic immature permanent teeth, and PRP as a scaffold may achieve better periapical healing of teeth with periapical inflammation, although they did not differ significantly from conventional blood clot scaffolds in development of the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Tang
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guagnxi China
| | - Hua Jin
- grid.19373.3f0000 0001 0193 3564Department of Stomatology, Harbin Institute of Technology Hospital, Harbin, HeiLongjiang China
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Jinan Stomatology Hospital, Jinan, 250001 Shandong Province China
| | - Long Ma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Jinan Stomatology Hospital, Jinan, 250001 Shandong Province China
| | - Tingyu Tian
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Jinan Stomatology Hospital, Jinan, 250001 Shandong Province China
| | - Xiurong Qin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Jinan Stomatology Hospital, Jinan, 250001 Shandong Province China
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Neural Regeneration in Regenerative Endodontic Treatment: An Overview and Current Trends. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415492. [PMID: 36555133 PMCID: PMC9779866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulpal and periapical diseases are the most common dental diseases. The traditional treatment is root canal therapy, which achieves satisfactory therapeutic outcomes-especially for mature permanent teeth. Apexification, pulpotomy, and pulp revascularization are common techniques used for immature permanent teeth to accelerate the development of the root. However, there are obstacles to achieving functional pulp regeneration. Recently, two methods have been proposed based on tissue engineering: stem cell transplantation, and cell homing. One of the goals of functional pulp regeneration is to achieve innervation. Nerves play a vital role in dentin formation, nutrition, sensation, and defense in the pulp. Successful neural regeneration faces tough challenges in both animal studies and clinical trials. Investigation of the regeneration and repair of the nerves in the pulp has become a serious undertaking. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the key stem cells, signaling molecules, and biomaterials that could promote neural regeneration as part of pulp regeneration. We also discuss the challenges in preclinical or clinical neural regeneration applications to guide deep research in the future.
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Kumar N, Maher N, Amin F, Ghabbani H, Zafar MS, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Oñate-Sánchez RE. Biomimetic Approaches in Clinical Endodontics. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040229. [PMID: 36546929 PMCID: PMC9775094 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, biomimetic concepts have been widely adopted in various biomedical fields, including clinical dentistry. Endodontics is an important sub-branch of dentistry which deals with the different conditions of pulp to prevent tooth loss. Traditionally, common procedures, namely pulp capping, root canal treatment, apexification, and apexigonesis, have been considered for the treatment of different pulp conditions using selected materials. However, clinically to regenerate dental pulp, tissue engineering has been advocated as a feasible approach. Currently, new trends are emerging in terms of regenerative endodontics which have led to the replacement of diseased and non-vital teeth into the functional and healthy dentine-pulp complex. Root- canal therapy is the standard management option when dental pulp is damaged irreversibly. This treatment modality involves soft-tissue removal and then filling that gap through the obturation technique with a synthetic material. The formation of tubular dentine and pulp-like tissue formation occurs when stem cells are transplanted into the root canal with an appropriate scaffold material. To sum up tissue engineering approach includes three components: (1) scaffold, (2) differentiation, growth, and factors, and (3) the recruitment of stem cells within the pulp or from the periapical region. The aim of this paper is to thoroughly review and discuss various pulp-regenerative approaches and materials used in regenerative endodontics which may highlight the current trends and future research prospects in this particular area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-333-2818500
| | - Nazrah Maher
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Amin
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Hani Ghabbani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Ricardo E. Oñate-Sánchez
- Department of Special Care in Dentistry, Hospital Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
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Cushley S, McLister C, Lappin MJ, Harrington M, Nagendrababu V, Duncan HF, El karim I. Outcomes reporting in systematic reviews on revitalization: A scoping review for the development of a core outcome set. Int Endod J 2022; 55:1317-1334. [PMID: 36065159 PMCID: PMC9828673 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Revitalization is a type of regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) that offers the exciting prospect of revitalizing damaged tissue, therefore improving outcomes for non-vital immature teeth. To evaluate its potential, there needs to be consistency in outcome reporting of clinical studies investigating revitalization to allow for evidence synthesis and inform clinical decision making. OBJECTIVES The aim of this scoping review was to identify outcomes that are reported in systematic reviews on revitalization including how and when these outcomes are measured. Additionally, evidence of selective reporting bias in the reviews was assessed. METHODS A comprehensive electronic search of healthcare databases and grey literature was conducted to identify systematic reviews published in the English language reporting outcomes of revitalization in permanent immature teeth. There was no restriction on the date of publication. Outcome data was extracted by four reviewers independently and mapped with a healthcare taxonomy into five core areas: survival, clinical/physiological changes, life impact, resource use and adverse events. Selective reporting bias and how it was measured was assessed independently by two reviewers. RESULTS Twenty-six systematic reviews were included in this scoping review. There was lack of standardization in reporting and significant heterogeneity across reviews in outcome endpoints. The outcomes reported could be aligned within the five core areas of the taxonomy including tooth survival which was reported in nine reviews. Patient-reported outcomes were generally limited and no review reported on Oral Health Related Quality of Life. Many of the reviews reporting on randomized control trials were at low risk of selective reporting bias whilst other study designs were at higher risk. DISCUSSION Consistency in outcome reporting is necessary to realize the benefits of old but particularly novel therapies. Data from this review confirmed heterogeneity in reporting outcomes of revitalization and the need for development of a core outcome set (COS). CONCLUSIONS Several important outcomes including survival, root development, tooth discolouration and periapical healing have been identified in this review which could inform the development of a COS in this area. REGISTRATION Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) database (registration no. 1879).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Cushley
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Conor McLister
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Mark J. Lappin
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Marc Harrington
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUAE
| | - Henry F. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & PeriodontologyDublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Ikhlas El karim
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
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Expert consensus on regenerative endodontic procedures. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:55. [PMID: 36450715 PMCID: PMC9712432 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) is a biologic-based treatment modality for immature permanent teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis. The ultimate objective of REPs is to regenerate the pulp-dentin complex, extend the tooth longevity and restore the normal function. Scientific evidence has demonstrated the efficacy of REPs in promotion of root development through case reports, case series, cohort studies, and randomized controlled studies. However, variations in clinical protocols for REPs exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the research field of regenerative endodontics. The heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners, thus guidelines and considerations of REPs should be explicated. This expert consensus mainly discusses the biological foundation, the available clinical protocols and current status of REPs in treating immature teeth with pulp necrosis, as well as the main complications of this treatment, aiming at refining the clinical management of REPs in accordance with the progress of basic researches and clinical studies, suggesting REPs may become a more consistently evidence-based option in dental treatment.
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Fagogeni I, Metlerska J, Falgowski T, Górski M, Lipski M, Nowicka A. Effectiveness of Teeth Whitening after Regenerative Endodontics Procedures: An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237016. [PMID: 36498591 PMCID: PMC9738840 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Discolouration resulting from regenerative endodontic procedures may have a negative impact on the quality of life of treated patients; therefore, it is recommended to minimize this risk by selecting appropriate scaffolds and barrier materials, and if discolouration occurs, the use of a simple, cost-effective and minimally invasive technique, such as whitening, should be considered. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate tooth discolouration after two- and single-visit regenerative endodontic procedures and the effectiveness of subsequent whitening procedures with carbamide peroxide. Two hundred bovine incisors were included in this study and divided into twenty groups based on the tested material combinations. Two groups were control groups, one with saline and the other group with blood. In the 12 groups, the experiment was designed to be consistent with the two-visit regenerative endodontic procedures. Triple antibiotic paste or calcium hydroxide were placed in the root canal, and then scaffolds (e.g., blood or platelet-rich fibrin) and barrier materials (Biodentine, OrthoMTA or MTA Repair HP) were applied after rinsing the disinfectant pastes. In the six groups that corresponded to the single-visit regenerative endodontic procedure, the use of a disinfectant paste was omitted. Subsequently, the specimens were bleached twice with carbamide peroxide at a 7-day interval. Colour change measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade Compact 5.0, VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany). Statistical analysis was performed with the Kruskal−Wallis H test, the independent t-test and t-test for related samples. Tooth discolouration was noticed after two- and single-visit regenerative endodontic procedures, except for the platelet-rich fibrin+MTA Repair HP group. After the first and second whitening procedures, all of the tested two- and single-visit regenerative endodontic procedures groups showed a change in the colour of the crown, which was noticeable to the naked eye (∆E > 3.3). When analysing the ∆E value between the first and second bleaching procedures, no changes in the colour of teeth were visually noticed in the calcium hydroxide and platelet-rich fibrin +MTA Repair HP groups (∆E < 3.3). Single-visit regenerative endodontic procedures are suggested if possible; however, if two-visit regenerative endodontic procedures are performed, it is recommended to use calcium hydroxide as the disinfectant paste because of the lower staining potential. In the context of discolouration, platelet-rich fibrin is advisable for use as a scaffold. The whitening procedure is worth considering, but does not guarantee a return to the original tooth colour, especially when triple antibiotic paste is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Fagogeni
- Doctoral Studies of the Faculty of Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-466-16-48
| | - Joanna Metlerska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Falgowski
- General, Minimally Invasive and Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Górski
- University Dental Clinic, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Lipski
- Department of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry and Preclinical Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Alicja Nowicka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
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Lin S, Moreinos D, Wisblech D, Rotstein I. Regenerative endodontic therapy for external inflammatory lateral resorption following traumatic dental injuries: Evidence assessment of best practices. Int Endod J 2022; 55:1165-1176. [PMID: 35947093 PMCID: PMC9828210 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND External inflammatory lateral resorption (EILR) following dental trauma is a severe complication that can lead to significant root loss and tooth extraction. OBJECTIVE The aim of this project was to review current evidence in the literature on regenerative endodontic therapy (RET) for EILR following traumatic injuries and assess the best treatment practices. METHODS Publications appearing in PubMed, from January 1, 2001 to January 9, 2022 were studied. Inclusion criteria were: (a) Publications in English; (b) Publications on RET and EILR; (c) Teeth subjected to dental trauma; and (d) Presence of intracanal bleeding and blood clots. Exclusion criteria were: (a) Conference proceedings; (b) Lectures; (c) Abstracts; and (d) Letters to editor; (e) Non-English publications. RESULTS 355 publications were analysed. Nine met all inclusion criteria. In 10 (58.8%) teeth, triple antibiotic paste was used for an average of 26 days. Double antibiotic paste was used in 3 (17.6%) teeth for an average of 14 days. In 3 (17.6%) cases, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 ) was used for 14 days and negative pressure irrigation was applied once on 1 (6%) tooth. DISCUSSION Using RET to treat EILR has some advantages compared to long term CA(OH)2 dressing. RET requires shorter dressing time compared to CA(OH)2 . This can significantly improve patient compliance. Additionally, in immature teeth, RET helps to arrest root resorption leading to continued root maturogenesis and revascularization. It is recommended that a meticulous follow-up should be conducted when RET is performed to assure early detection of treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS RET appears to be a good treatment modality producing biologic repair and improving prognosis in cases of EILR in post-traumatic tooth/pulp injuries. The key limitation of this study is that all publications included were either case reports or case series that usually tend to report successful outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaul Lin
- The Israeli National Center for Trauma & Emergency Medicine ResearchGertner InstituteTel HashomerIsrael,Department of EndodonticsRambam Health Care CampusHaifaIsrael,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion ‐ Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Daniel Moreinos
- Endodontic DepartmentOral and Maxillofacial Institute, Galilee Medical CenterNahariyaIsrael,The Azrieli Faculty of MedicineBar‐Ilan UniversitySafedIsrael
| | - Dekel Wisblech
- Department of EndodonticsRambam Health Care CampusHaifaIsrael
| | - Ilan Rotstein
- University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Alhajj MN, Daud F, Al-Maweri SA, Johari Y, Ab-Ghani Z, Jaafar M, Naito Y, Prananingrum W, Ariffin Z. Effects of calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament on push-out bond strength of endodontic sealers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:1166-1178. [PMID: 36239133 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament on the push-out bond strength of resin-based and calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers. METHODS A comprehensive search of was conducted for all relevant in-vitro studies. All randomized controlled in-vitro studies that evaluated the effect of calcium hydroxide on the push-out bond strength of resin-based or calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers were assessed. The variables of interest were extracted, and the risk of the included studies was evaluated. The standardized mean difference was calculated and the significance level was set at p value <0.05. RESULTS A total of 26 studies were eligible for analysis. There were 45 independent comparison groups and 1009 recruited teeth. The pooled data showed no significant difference in push-out bond strength between calcium hydroxide and control group in the resin-based group (SMD = 0.03; 95% CI = -0.55, 0.60; p = 0.93), and calcium silicate-based group (SMD = 0.02; 95% CI = -0.31, 0.35; p = 0.90). Most of the studies (21 out of 26) were at medium risk of bias and five studies showed a low risk of bias. CONCLUSION The available evidence suggests that calcium hydroxide used as intracanal medication does not influence the push-out bond strength of the resin- and calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The results of this meta-analysis suggest that calcium hydroxide used as intracanal medication does not influence the push-out bond strength of resin-based and calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nasser Alhajj
- Prosthodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Fadhilah Daud
- Prosthodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Yanti Johari
- Prosthodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zuryati Ab-Ghani
- Prosthodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mariatti Jaafar
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yoshihito Naito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Widyasri Prananingrum
- Department of Dental Material Science and Technology, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Zaihan Ariffin
- Prosthodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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The Four Pillars for Successful Regenerative Therapy in Endodontics: Stem Cells, Biomaterials, Growth Factors, and Their Synergistic Interactions. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1580842. [PMID: 36193253 PMCID: PMC9526564 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1580842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endodontics has made significant progress in regenerative approaches in recent years, thanks to advances in biologically based procedures or regenerative endodontic therapy (RET). In recent years, our profession has witnessed a clear conceptual shift in this therapy. RET was initially based on a blood clot induced by apical bleeding without harvesting the patient’s cells or cell-free RET. Later, the RET encompassed the three principles of tissue engineering, stromal/stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors, aiming for the regeneration of a functional dentin pulp complex. The regenerated dental pulp will recover the protective mechanisms including innate immunity, tertiary dentin formation, and pain sensitivity. This comprehensive review covers the basic knowledge and practical information for translational applications of stem cell-based RET and tissue engineering procedures for the regeneration of dental pulp. It will also provide overall information on the emerging technologies in biological and synthetic matrices, biomaterials, and signaling molecules, recent advances in stem cell therapy, and updated experimental results. This review brings useful and timely clinical evidence for practitioners to understand the challenges faced for a successful cell-based RET and the importance of preserving or reestablishing tooth vitality. The clinical translation of these current bioengineering approaches will undoubtedly be beneficial to the future practice of endodontics.
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Gupta G, Agarwal A, Ansari AA, Singh RK. Non-surgical management of a large periapical lesion with internal resorption using PRF, hydroxyapatite and MTA. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e248907. [PMID: 36113960 PMCID: PMC9486192 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-248907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Periapical lesions of endodontic origin are caused by microbial infection of pulp. According to various studies, it is known that necrosis of pulp provides a favourable habitat for microbes to replicate and release various toxins into the periapical tissue leading to inflammation and formation of a periapical lesion. A variety of non-invasive methods to manage such lesions include conservative root canal treatment, aspiration-irrigation technique, decompression technique, calcium hydroxide therapy, lesion sterilisation and tissue repair therapy, and the apexum procedure. We present a case report describing non-surgical management of a large periapical lesion associated with a permanent central incisor displaying internal inflammatory resorption using platelet rich fibrin (PRF), bone graft and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Gupta
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhilasha Agarwal
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Afroz Alam Ansari
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Singh
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Iranmanesh P, Torabinejad M, Saatchi M, Toghraie D, Razavi SM, Khademi A. Effect of Duration of Root Canal Infection on the Ability of Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration of Immature Permanent Teeth: An Animal Study. J Endod 2022; 48:1301-1307.e2. [PMID: 35933045 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent infection is always considered the most important reason for the failure of dentin-pulp complex regeneration. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of the duration of root canal infection (from one to twelve weeks) on the ability of dentin-pulp complex regeneration. METHODS In this animal study, 64 roots of immature premolar teeth of four dogs were randomly divided into four groups. Positive control group; eight root canals treated with regenerative endodontic procedure (REP), negative control group; 12 infected root canals, intervention groups; 36 root canals infected with supragingival plaque (one, three, six, and 12 weeks) and treated with REP, an additional positive control group; eight normal roots. After three months, the teeth were investigated by radiographic images and immunohistochemical staining (CD31, CD34, S100 markers). In addition, DSPP gene expression was assessed using a real-time PCR technique. The results were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS Based on radiological evaluation among the intervention groups, the highest root canal development (length and width) occurred in the intervention group of one week, and the lowest radiological results were in the intervention groups of six and 12 weeks (One-way ANOVA, P <0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of CD31, CD34, S100 and, DSPP expression percentage (One-way ANOVA, P <0.05), in which the highest and lowest expression percentages belonged to the one- and 12 weeks groups, respectively, among the intervention groups. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that long root canal infection decreased the ability of the body to regenerate dentin-pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Iranmanesh
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Saatchi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Davood Toghraie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran.
| | - Sayed Mohammad Razavi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbasali Khademi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Zou J, Mao J, Shi X. Influencing factors of pulp-dentin complex regeneration and related biological strategies. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:350-361. [PMID: 36207838 PMCID: PMC9511472 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic therapy (RET) utilizing tissue engineering approach can promote the regeneration of pulp-dentin complex to restore pulp vascularization, neuralization, immune function and tubular dentin, therefore the regenerated pulp-dentin complex will have normal function. Multiple factors may significantly affect the efficacy of RET, including stem cells, biosignaling molecules and biomaterial scaffolds. Stem cells derived from dental tissues (such as dental pulp stem cells) exhibit certain advantages in RET. Combined application of multiple signaling molecules and activation of signal transduction pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin and BMP/Smad play pivotal roles in enhancing the potential of stem cell migration, proliferation, odontoblastic differentiation, and nerve and blood vessel regeneration. Biomaterials suitable for RET include naturally-derived materials and artificially synthetic materials. Artificially synthetic materials should imitate natural tissues for biomimetic modification in order to realize the temporal and spatial regulation of pulp-dentin complex regeneration. The realization of pulp-dentin complex regeneration depends on two strategies: stem cell transplantation and stem cell homing. Stem cell homing strategy does not require the isolation and culture of stem cells in vitro, so is better for clinical application. However, in order to achieve the true regeneration of pulp-dentin complex, problems related to improving the success rate of stem cell homing and promoting their proliferation and differentiation need to be solved. This article reviews the influencing factors of pulp-dentin complex regeneration and related biological strategies, and discusses the future research direction of RET, to provide reference for clinical translation and application of RET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Zou
- 1. Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- 2. School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- 3. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing Mao
- 1. Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- 2. School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- 3. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xin Shi
- 1. Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- 2. School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- 3. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
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Yang YQ, Wu BL, Zeng JK, Jiang C, Chen M. Pulp revascularization on an adult mandibular right second premolar: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:5833-5840. [PMID: 35979092 PMCID: PMC9258393 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i17.5833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulp revascularization has become a new method for the treatment of periapical diseases in young permanent teeth in recent years. Through root canal flushing and disinfection, avoiding mechanical preparation, guiding apical stem cells into the root canal and promoting the continuous development of tooth roots, it has achieved good clinical curative effects. But in adult patients with chronic periapical periodontitis with immature roots and open apices, apical barrier technology is often used to treat these teeth.
CASE SUMMARY Pulp revascularization of a 26-year-old patient's tooth was performed using cefaclor instead of minocycline and iRoot BP instead of mineral trioxide aggregate as intracanal medication. The case was followed up for 36 mo. Observations showed evidence of regression of clinical signs and symptoms, resolution of apical periodontitis and no discolouration of affected teeth.
CONCLUSION For adult patients with chronic periapical periodontitis with immature roots and open apices, pulp revascularisation showed favourable results in treating these teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Qing Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bu-Ling Wu
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun-Kai Zeng
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chong Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong Province, China
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Histological Evaluation of Restylane Lyft Used as a Scaffold for Dental Pulp Regeneration in Non-Infected Immature Teeth in Dogs. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124095. [PMID: 35744154 PMCID: PMC9228365 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available hyaluronic acid dermal fillers used as a scaffold in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have demonstrated attractive potentials. This study aimed to histologically evaluate the outcome of REPs using Restylane Lyft (HA) as a scaffold. REPs were performed on pulpless, immature roots in dogs (n = 69). The roots were divided into four groups: blood clot (BC), Restylane Lyft (BC + HA), negative control, and positive control. At 13 weeks postoperatively, hard tissue formation, vascularization, the presence of vascularized soft connective tissue and collagen fibers, the degree of inflammation within pulp spaces and/or periapical tissues, and apical closure were evaluated histologically. The vascularization and formation of loosely arranged collagen fibers within the regenerated soft connective tissues were observed significantly more in the BC+HA group (85% and 40%, respectively; p < 0.05) compared to the BC group (54.6% and 9.1%, respectively; p < 0.05). The degree of inflammation was significantly higher in the HA group than in the BC group; moderate to severe inflammatory cell infiltration was seen in 45% and 13.6% of the cases, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that Restylane Lyft combined with a blood clot used as a scaffold may improve the outcomes of REPs in non-infected, pulpless, immature teeth in dogs.
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Liu H, Lu J, Jiang Q, Haapasalo M, Qian J, Tay FR, Shen Y. Biomaterial scaffolds for clinical procedures in endodontic regeneration. Bioact Mater 2022; 12:257-277. [PMID: 35310382 PMCID: PMC8897058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures have been rapidly evolving over the past two decades and are employed extensively in clinical endodontics. These procedures have been perceived as valuable adjuvants to conventional strategies in the treatment of necrotic immature permanent teeth that were deemed to have poor prognosis. As a component biological triad of tissue engineering (i.e., stem cells, growth factors and scaffolds), biomaterial scaffolds have demonstrated clinical potential as an armamentarium in regenerative endodontic procedures and achieved remarkable advancements. The aim of the present review is to provide a broad overview of biomaterials employed for scaffolding in regenerative endodontics. The favorable properties and limitations of biomaterials organized in naturally derived, host-derived and synthetic material categories were discussed. Preclinical and clinical studies published over the past five years on the performance of biomaterial scaffolds, as well as current challenges and future perspectives for the application of biomaterials for scaffolding and clinical evaluation of biomaterial scaffolds in regenerative endodontic procedures were addressed in depth. Overview of biomaterials for scaffolding in regenerative endodontics are presented. Findings of preclinical and clinical studies on the performance of biomaterial scaffolds are summarized. Challenges and future prospects in biomaterial scaffolds are discussed.
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Komada T, Mitomo K, Ikarashi T, Shimono M, Jung HS, Muramatsu T. Periodontal Ligament Cells Are Involved in the Formation of Intracanal Cementum-Like Tissue After Regenerative Endodontic Procedures: A Mouse in situ Model. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.864406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic cell-homing procedures are frequently performed on injured immature teeth diagnosed with pulp necrosis and/or apical periodontitis. The representative histological finding after those procedures is cementum-like tissues filling in the root canal but details of the healing process remain unknown. We investigated that healing process histologically using a mouse in situ model. Regenerative endodontic procedures were experimentally performed on noninfected maxillary first molars of 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice, after which the healing process was investigated using histology and immunohistochemistry. Immediately after the regenerative endodontic cell-homing procedures, blood clots were seen in the root canals that disappeared over time. On day 7, the blot clot in the root canal was replaced by granulation tissue. From day 14 onward, cementum-like tissues were filled in the root canals, while the amount of fibrous tissue was reduced. Immunohistochemically, positive reactions for periostin were seen in the fibrous tissue in the root canal, the apex, and periodontal ligament cells. On the other hand, positive reactions for nestin were not detected in the root canal. CD31-positive cells with a luminal structure were also observed in the fibrous tissue around the apex and around the newly formed cementum-like tissues in the root canal. Thus, in this study, we have established an in situ mouse model of regenerative endodontic procedures. The results of this study suggest that periodontal ligament cells and vascular endothelial cells grow into the root canals from the apex, replace the blood clots, and participate in the formation of cementum-like tissues with angiogenesis during the healing process of regenerative endodontic procedures.
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Kwack KH, Lee HW. Clinical Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Pulp Regeneration: Current Endodontic Progress and Future Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:857066. [PMID: 35478967 PMCID: PMC9035692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.857066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a common disease that not only destroys the rigid structure of the teeth but also causes pulp necrosis in severe cases. Once pulp necrosis has occurred, the most common treatment is to remove the damaged pulp tissue, leading to a loss of tooth vitality and increased tooth fragility. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from pulp tissue exhibit mesenchymal stem cell-like characteristics and are considered ideal candidates for regenerating damaged dental pulp tissue owing to their multipotency, high proliferation rate, and viability after cryopreservation. Importantly, DPSCs do not elicit an allogeneic immune response because they are non-immunogenic and exhibit potent immunosuppressive properties. Here, we provide an up-to-date review of the clinical applicability and potential of DPSCs, as well as emerging trends in the regeneration of damaged pulp tissue. In addition, we suggest the possibility of using DPSCs as a resource for allogeneic transplantation and provide a perspective for their clinical application in pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Kwack
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Woo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Graduate School, Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hyeon-Woo Lee,
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