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Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang F, Ge D, Guo Z. Associations between social isolation, perceived ageism and subjective well-being among rural Chinese older adults: A cross-sectional study. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 59:598-603. [PMID: 39178626 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social isolation, perceived ageism and subjective well-being among rural Chinese older adults and its mechanisms of action. METHODS A total of 403 rural resident older adults were surveyed from March to April 2024. Data were collected using the General Information Questionnaire, the General Alienation Scale (GAS), the Perceived Ageism Questionnaire (PAQ), and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH). SPSS 27.0 and PROCESS macro were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation (p<0.01) between subjective well-being and social isolation (r = -0.720) and perceived ageism (r = -0.661) among rural older adults. Perceived ageism partially mediated the effect between social isolation and subjective well-being in rural older adults, and the mediating effect accounted for 29.9 % of the total effect (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Social isolation can reduce the subjective well-being of rural older adults through perceived ageism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Nursing, Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian 223200, China.
| | - Yuecong Wang
- Department of Nursing, Huaian City Second People's Hospital, Huaian 223001, China; Department of Nursing, College of Medical Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
| | - Dongfang Ge
- Department of Nursing, Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian 223200, China.
| | - Zhengxiang Guo
- Department of Nursing, Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian 223200, China.
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Byrne AL, Mulvogue J, Adhikari S, Cutmore E. Discriminative and exploitive stereotypes: Artificial intelligence generated images of aged care nurses and the impacts on recruitment and retention. Nurs Inq 2024; 31:e12651. [PMID: 38940314 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
This article uses critical discourse analysis to investigate artificial intelligence (AI) generated images of aged care nurses and considers how perspectives and perceptions impact upon the recruitment and retention of nurses. The article demonstrates a recontextualization of aged care nursing, giving rise to hidden ideologies including harmful stereotypes which allow for discrimination and exploitation. It is argued that this may imply that nurses require fewer clinical skills in aged care, diminishing the value of working in this area. AI relies on existing data sets, and thus represent existing stereotypes and biases. The discourse analysis has highlighted key issues which may further impact upon nursing recruitment and retention, and advocates for stronger ethical consideration, including the use of experts in data validation, for the way that aged care services and nurses are depicted and thus valued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy-Louise Byrne
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Social Sciences, CQUniversity, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer Mulvogue
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Social Sciences, CQUniversity, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Siju Adhikari
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Social Sciences, CQUniversity, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ellie Cutmore
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Social Sciences, CQUniversity, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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P de Paula Couto MC, Nikitin J, Graf S, Fung HH, Hess TM, Liou S, Rothermund K. Do we all perceive experiences of age discrimination in the same way? Cross-cultural differences in perceived age discrimination and its association with life satisfaction. Eur J Ageing 2023; 20:43. [PMID: 37971678 PMCID: PMC10654333 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-023-00790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Age discrimination is pervasive in most societies and bears far-reaching consequences for individuals' psychological well-being. Despite that, studies that examine cross-cultural differences in age discrimination are still lacking. Likewise, whether the detrimental association between age discrimination and psychological well-being varies across contexts remains an open question. In this study, therefore, we examined cross-cultural differences in perceived experiences of age discrimination and their detrimental association with a specific indicator of psychological well-being, which is life satisfaction. The sample was drawn from the Ageing as Future study and comprised 1653 older adults (60-90 years) from the Czech Republic, Germany, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the USA. Participants self-reported their experiences of age discrimination and their life satisfaction. Findings indicated that participants from Hong Kong and Taiwan reported experiences of perceived age discrimination more often than participants from the Czech Republic, Germany, and the USA. Furthermore, experiences of age discrimination were negatively associated with life satisfaction. Cultural context moderated this relation: We found a smaller detrimental association between perceived experiences of age discrimination and life satisfaction in Eastern cultures, that is, in contexts where such experiences were perceived to be more prevalent. These findings highlight the importance of examining age discrimination across cultures. Experiences of age discrimination are clearly undesirable in that they negatively affect psychological well-being. Our results indicate that a higher self-reported prevalence of perceived age discrimination in the samples studied weakens this negative association. We discuss these findings in terms of adaptation (versus sensitization) in response to discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jana Nikitin
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvie Graf
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helene H Fung
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas M Hess
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Shyhnan Liou
- Institute of Creative Industries Design, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Klaus Rothermund
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Olmos B, Nava A, Jones EJ. Theory Integration for Examining Health Care Discrimination among Minoritized Older Adults with Chronic Illness. West J Nurs Res 2023; 45:262-271. [PMID: 36254404 DOI: 10.1177/01939459221128123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence of chronic illnesses, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is increasing disproportionately among Latinx adults in the United States. Health care inequities such as health care discrimination contribute to the disparities in this population. Academic and clinical nurses must address health care discrimination from a strong theoretical framework. In this article, we integrate the minority stress theory and ecosocial theory of disease distribution to offer a whole-person model that identifies the concepts most relevant to Latinx older adults who function at multiple levels of intersectionality. This paper uses T2DM as an exemplar of chronic illness. The integrated model depicts possible pathways of physiological and psychological embodiment of lived experiences of minoritized older persons managing chronic illness who are living in a society deeply embedded with structural racism and oppression. This model may guide future research aimed at elucidating the social and structural determinants that impact health-related outcomes among Latinx older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Olmos
- Fran and Earl Ziegler College of Nursing, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Adrianna Nava
- National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emily J Jones
- Fran and Earl Ziegler College of Nursing, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Tanaka OM, Cavassin LD, Gasparello GG, Meira TM, Miyoshi CS, Hartmann GC. The Esthetics of the Nasolabial Fold and Age in the Elderly Via Eye-Tracking. Contemp Clin Dent 2023; 14:18-24. [PMID: 37249988 PMCID: PMC10209770 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_539_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Facial aging is associated with the loss of soft tissue fullness. Perioral signs of facial aging can add years to individuals' appearances and even affect their facial expressions in smiling and nonsmiling images. Aims To evaluate the influence of the nasolabial fold on the visual perception of esthetics and age in the elderly, eye-tracking and a visual analog scale were used. Material and Methods This study applied a cross-sectional study using 40 laypeople. Facial images of an elderly woman were modified to include facial expression lines such as nasolabial folds and marionette lines with no folds, intermediate, and accentuated depths folds. Eye tracking was implemented to measure the average number of fixations. Heat maps and dot maps were generated using eye-tracking software. A visual analog scale of attractiveness and age perception questionnaire were also incorporated into the study. Statistical analysis was performed using a significance of (P<0.05). Results The majority of visual attention was paid to the eye and mouth areas. In the images with no folds, the right eye attracted a greater degree of fixation. In the images in which nasolabial folds were accentuated, the mouth area served as an area of high fixation. No statistical difference was observed between the groups in which smiling images were viewed. Nonsmiling images demonstrated significant differences between groups for variables including time until first fixation, complete fixation time, and number of fixations on the eyes and hemifaces. Old age and diminished attractiveness were associated with attenuated nasolabial folds, especially in nonsmiling images. Conclusion The facial lines and expressions of elderly female individuals were assessed by laypeople using eye-tracking, showing that the deeper one's nasolabial folds, the more aged and less attractive one appears, especially in nonsmiling images. Smiling pictures were perceived to be more attractive and youthful; these perceptions should be considered in the search for improved esthetic results, whether in dental or facial esthetic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Motohiro Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Sciences, Graduate Dentistry Program in Orthodontics, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- The Center for Advanced Dental Education at Saint Louis University, Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lorenzo Daroit Cavassin
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gil Guilherme Gasparello
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Thiago Martins Meira
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Dentistry School, Bahia State University (UNEB), Guanambi, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Caio Seiti Miyoshi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Giovani Ceron Hartmann
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Lee MA, Song R. I Am Not Supposed to Be Treated Like This: Associations Between Age Discrimination, Perceived Social Respect for Older Adults, and Depressive Symptoms in Korean Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:2276-2285. [PMID: 35973047 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines the relationships between age discrimination, perceived social respect for older adults as a proxy of perceived social climate, and depressive symptoms in older adults in Korea. In doing so, it clarifies whether and how age discrimination has a differential effect on mental health, depending on the level of perceived social respect. METHODS This study uses multiple regression analyses to examine the data obtained from the 2020 National Survey of Older Koreans, a nationally representative survey. RESULTS Findings show that age discrimination was positively associated with depressive symptoms, whereas perceived social respect for older adults was negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Older respondents exhibited fewer depressive symptoms if they felt that older adults were respected in Korea. The results also revealed a significant interaction between age discrimination and perceived social respect; age discrimination had a more harmful impact on depressive symptoms in older adults with a higher level of perceived social respect. DISCUSSION The findings suggest that a positive social climate for older adults is beneficial to their mental health, but ironically, it may form a more stressful context for older adults who experience age discrimination that is characteristically opposite from their subjective evaluation of that social climate. The gap between the expected social climate and individual discriminatory experiences may have a deleterious effect on the mental health of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ah Lee
- Department of Sociology, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rira Song
- Department of Sociology, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Przybysz K, Stanimir A. Tourism-Related Needs in the Context of Seniors' Living and Social Conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15325. [PMID: 36430044 PMCID: PMC9691019 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Significant changes are taking place in the structure of tourism participants. Due to the ageing of societies, the tourism sector has to respond to the increasing tourist activity of seniors. The main aim of our research was the recognition of the needs of senior tourists from selected regions of Poland, considering their health and financial situation as well as their physical activity. The study shows how to combine the knowledge of assumptions of active ageing with the actual views of senior tourists on tourism and active leisure. An additional objective was to determine the reasons why seniors gave up tourism and to compare the reasons why seniors from selected regions of Poland and seniors from other European countries did not participate in tourism. Based on Eurostat data, we identify the most common reasons for people not participating in tourism who are over 65 years of age. In 2020, we surveyed seniors. The respondents for the sample were selected as 65 years and older. In order to compare countries due to exclusion and non-participation of seniors in tourism, the results classification was used. To analyse the touristic behaviours of Polish seniors, we used correspondence analysis. As indicated by analysing the reasons for the non-participation of Europeans aged 65 and over in tourism, in most countries, financial and health reasons are ranked first or second in 2016 and 2019. In a survey of Polish seniors, except for the financial reasons responsible for non-participation in tourism, an additional obstacle was the language barrier in foreign tourism. The analysis of physical and tourist activity showed that non-participation in tourism is associated with low physical activity. Women reported that they were satisfied with their financial independence and most often used the opportunity of short-term tourism. The people who are fully or largely involved in organising their trips also willingly change their locations during their next travels.
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McDarby M, Ju CH, Picchiello MC, Carpenter BD. Older adults' perceptions and experiences of ageism during the COVID-19 pandemic. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES 2022; 78:JOSI12557. [PMID: 36249554 PMCID: PMC9539012 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigates older adults' perceptions of ageism in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using tenets of Stereotype Embodiment Theory and the Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes Map framework, we sought to (a) examine whether older adults experienced ageism as self-relevant during the pandemic and (b) understand whether older adults experienced certain media messages and interpersonal behaviors during the pandemic and interpreted them as being motivated by potentialpaternalistic age stereotypes. Older adults aged 65 and older recruited from the community (n = 73) participated in a semi-structured interview about their perspectives on ageism toward older adults during the pandemic. Participants also completed an online survey about their experiences with a range of messages and interpersonal behaviors throughout the pandemic. We thematically analyzed interview data and identified three primary themes: self-relevance of age stereotypes; awareness of negative, overgeneralized portrayals of older adults; and defenses against self-relevance of age stereotypes. Survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequency counts and suggest that participants attributed messages and behaviors potentially imbued with paternalistic ageism as motivated primarily by care and concern for older adults. The findings add to the field's understanding of older adults' experiences and perceptions of ageism in the media and in interpersonal behaviors in the context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan McDarby
- Department of Psychological & Brain SciencesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Catherine H. Ju
- Department of Psychological & Brain SciencesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Matthew C. Picchiello
- Department of Psychological & Brain SciencesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Brian D. Carpenter
- Department of Psychological & Brain SciencesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
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Sánchez-García J, Vega-Tinoco A, Gil-Lacruz AI, Mira-Tamayo DC, Moya M, Gil-Lacruz M. Are you ready for retirement? The influence of values on membership in voluntary organizations in midlife and old age. Front Psychol 2022; 13:951811. [PMID: 36081733 PMCID: PMC9447440 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.951811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Membership in voluntary organizations is associated with individual and social benefits. Due to the negative consequences of the global pandemic on older people, and the governmental challenges posed by population aging, voluntary membership is of great importance to society. To effectively promote volunteering among older people, it is necessary to understand the determinants of voluntary membership. This study analyses the influence of individual values-secular/traditional and survival/self-expression-on voluntary membership among European adults (N = 31,985). Specifically, it examines which values orient two age groups (middle age: 50-64 and old age: 65-79), as well as men and women toward a certain type of association (Social Awareness; Professional and Political; Education and Leisure; Religion). The sample of 31,985 comprises 60% of adults aged 50-64 and 40% aged 65-79; of which 56% are women and 44% men. The empirical estimation considers different levels of data aggregation: individual, national and welfare system, therefore multilevel analysis is used as an analytical strategy. Individual-level variables from the Integrated Values Survey (2005/09, 2010/14, and 2017/20) and national-level variables (Gini Index and Gross Domestic Product Per Capita) from the World Bank and Eurostat are used. The results indicate that traditional and self-expression values promote membership in voluntary organizations in general more than secular and survival values. However, there are differences according to the type of organization. Furthermore, values are found to moderate the effect of age and gender on voluntary membership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sánchez-García
- Department of Business Management and Organization, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrea Vega-Tinoco
- Department of Business Management and Organization, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana I. Gil-Lacruz
- Department of Business Management and Organization, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diana C. Mira-Tamayo
- Department of Business Management and Organization, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Moya
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Lacruz
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Self-perceptions of ageing and perceived health status: the mediating role of cognitive functioning and physical activity. AGEING & SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x22000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
There is evidence that perceived health status is relevant for older adults' wellbeing, and at the same time perceived health status can be influenced by self-perceptions of ageing. There is a lack of studies on the relationship between these variables. The aim of this study was to explore attitudes towards ageing and self-perceptions of ageing among Spanish middle-aged and older people, and to identify possible mediators in the relationship between self-perceptions of ageing on perceived health status. The sample comprised 1,124 individuals from 50 to 98 years old (mean = 64.84, standard deviation = 10.12) from the Ageing in Spain Longitudinal Study database, Pilot Survey (ELES-PS). Almost 70 per cent of the participants stated that old age begins at a specific chronological age and half of them considered that society treats older people with indifference. Self-perceptions of ageing, physical activity, cognitive functioning and age were significant predictors, and together these variables explained 15.9 per cent in the variance of perceived health status. The multiple mediation analysis revealed that self-perceptions of ageing predicted cognitive functioning (B = 0.848, p < 0.01) and physical activity (B = 2.9046, p < 0.001), and mediated the association between self-perceptions of ageing and perceived health status (B = 0.1144, standard error = 0.0147, p < 0.01). Results from this study highlight the importance of perceptions and attitudes towards ageing for older adults' health and wellbeing, thus this study contributes to a better understanding of how these variables are related. In this sense, results from this study can be useful for designing interventions for fostering wellbeing. Addressing negative self-perceptions of ageing and negative attitudes towards ageing can be particularly useful because they are associated with more pessimistic expectancies about the ageing process.
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Gasparello GG, Júnior SLM, Hartmann GC, Meira TM, Camargo ES, Pithon MM, Tanaka O. The influence of malocclusion on social aspects in adults: study via eye tracking technology and questionnaire. Prog Orthod 2022; 23:4. [PMID: 35067765 PMCID: PMC8784583 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-022-00399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smile esthetics has a strong influence on perception, attractiveness, and personal characteristics. It is unknown how malocclusions may influence the appearance of the individual's smile. This study aimed to investigate whether malocclusion affects the visual perception of esthetics, age, employability, honesty, intelligence and to meet its obligation in time in middle-aged adults. Facial frontal smiling photographs of a male and a female middle-aged adult with 3 different malocclusions were shown to and evaluated by 90 laypeople (non-dentists), divided into groups: young adults (14-44 years), middle-aged adults (45-59 years), and elders (over 60 years). The index of treatment need (IOTN) was used, and IOTN 1, 5, and 8 images were created in Photoshop using the male and female photographs. In total, 6 photographs were evaluated, 3 areas of interest (AOI)-eyes, nose, and mouth-were created for statistical comparison. The Ogama and Eye Tribe tracker were used in conjunction to measure eye tracking. A visual analog scale (VAS) was employed with a questionnaire surveying individuals' perception of age, employability, honesty, intelligence, and ability to meet obligations. Kruskal-Wallis, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's-chi-squared, and Pearson correlation test were applied. RESULTS No statistical difference was found in complete fixation time and time until the first fixation for each AOI for eye-tracking. VAS showed statistical differences in the male and female IOTN 1 images when compared with the IOTN 5 and 8 for both models, and there was no difference between genders in the IOTN 1. As the perceived age of the model increased, the chances of getting hired decreased. Employability, honesty, intelligence, and ability to meet obligations showed higher values for IOTN 1. There were significant differences between age ranges; perception of intelligence in the female IOTN 1 model (p = 0.002) and IOTN 8 model (p < 0.001) and honesty between young adults and middle-aged adults in the male IOTN 1 and 8 images (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There was a difference between age groups in the perception of honesty and intelligence. A well-balanced and attractive was perceived as more youthful and attractive in both genders and may increase the chance of being selected for a job interview or being hired.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thiago Martins Meira
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Elisa Souza Camargo
- Graduate Dentistry Program in Orthodontics, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, R. Imaculada Conceição, 115, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Matheus Melo Pithon
- Diplomate of the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics - BBO, Southwest Bahia State University - UESB, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Orlando Tanaka
- Graduate Dentistry Program in Orthodontics, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, R. Imaculada Conceição, 115, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil.
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Nicol AA, De France K, Gagnon M. The relation of disgust proneness/sensitivity and ageism. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Conde M, Hendry GJ, Woodburn J, Skelton DA. ´Feet are second class citizens`: exploring the perceptions of Scottish and Portuguese older adults about feet, falls and exercise- a qualitative study. J Foot Ankle Res 2020; 13:66. [PMID: 33176825 PMCID: PMC7659063 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-020-00434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Foot problems are likely to contribute to falls risk in older adults. Foot and ankle exercises may be beneficial, but uptake may be influenced by cultural factors. Few studies have explored the views of older adults from different cultural backgrounds about foot-specific falls risk factors, and foot and ankle falls prevention exercises. Objectives To explore the views of Scottish and Portuguese community-dwelling older adults who have experienced a fall, about any foot risk factors for falls, and foot and ankle exercises. Methods Cross-cultural qualitative study with (n = 6) focus groups exploring the perceptions of Scottish (n = 10, mean age 76 yrs) and Portuguese older adults (n = 14, mean age 66 years) aged, applying thematic analysis. Results One main theme `evolving awareness about feet and falls prevention´ and three subthemes; (i) Feet are often forgotten, (ii) the important role of footwear, (iii) need to look at my feet and do the exercises were identified. Scottish participants had more experience of falls prevention but there was a lack of knowledge surrounding foot-specific falls risk factors, and the role of ankle and foot exercise in the prevention of falls. Portuguese participants exhibited a fatalistic approach to falls. Conclusions Older adults from both nations had little knowledge of foot-specific falls risk factors, being initially unaware of the functional status of their feet and of the role of exercise in foot care and falls management. There were differences between national groups that should be accounted for when developing culturally adequate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Conde
- School of health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, G4 0BA, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | - Gordon J Hendry
- School of health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, G4 0BA, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Jim Woodburn
- School of health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, G4 0BA, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Dawn A Skelton
- School of health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, G4 0BA, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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Ye B, Gao J, Fu H, Chen H, Dong W, Gu M. How does ageism influence frailty? A preliminary study using a structural equation model. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:422. [PMID: 33106186 PMCID: PMC7586685 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01749-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Based on the Stereotype Embodiment Theory (SET), this study aims to examine the mechanism of ageism on frailty through the proposed framework of “Experiences of Ageism (EA) → Age Stereotypes (AS) → Attitudes to Ageing (AA) → Frailty” using a structural equation model (SEM). Methods A community-based study involving 630 participants aged 60 years and older was conducted in Shanghai. EA, AS, AA and frailty status were assessed by validated scales. In particular, EA included three parts in this study, as the first part was the experiences of explicit prejudice or discrimination because of age, another two parts were the experiences of witnessed and encountered implicit negative age-based stereotypes. A SEM was performed to examine whether the proposed paths from EA to frailty were supported. Results EA had a significant indirect effect (β’ = .360*-.456*-.576 = .095, p < .001) on frailty through the path of “EA → AS → AA → Frailty” after controlling for covariates. AA had a direct effect (β = −.576, p < .001) on frailty; AS fully mediated the association between EA and AA (indirect effect = .360*-.456 = −.164, p < .001), and AA fully mediated the association between AS and frailty (indirect effect = −.456*-.576 = .263, p < .001). Conclusions These findings demonstrated a mechanism from ageism to frailty, and highlighted the potential threat of negative AS on health. Ageism and frailty are both great challenges for the process of healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ye
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, PO Box 248, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junling Gao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, PO Box 248, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hua Fu
- Fudan Health Communication Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, PO Box 248, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, PO Box 248, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenjing Dong
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, PO Box 248, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ming Gu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, PO Box 248, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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15
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The relative importance of personal beliefs, meta-stereotypes and societal stereotypes of age for the wellbeing of older people. AGEING & SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x20000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNegative images of old age can harm older individuals’ cognitive and physical functioning and health. Yet, older people may be confronted with age stereotypes that are inconsistent with their own personal beliefs. We examine the implications for older people's wellbeing of three distinct elements of age stereotypes: their personal beliefs about their age group, their perception about how others generally perceive older people (i.e. their meta-stereotypes) and the societal age stereotypes that are empirically widely shared in society. Using measures from the Stereotype Content Model and survey data of older people from the United Kingdom (UK) (Study 1, N = 171), we found only partial overlap between older people's personal beliefs and their meta-stereotypes. Personal beliefs were unrelated to wellbeing, but positive meta-stereotypes of older people's competence were linked to higher wellbeing. These findings were largely replicated with a sample of baby-boomers from Switzerland (Study 2, N = 400) controlling for socio-demographics. Study 3 used representative survey data (N = 10,803) across 29 European countries, to test and confirm that the link between positive competence meta-stereotypes and wellbeing can be generalised to different cultures, and that positive warmth meta-stereotypes were an additional predictor. At the country level, societal age stereotypes about competence were positively related to the wellbeing of older people, but only in countries that provide greater opportunities for competence attainment.
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16
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Fernández-Ballesteros R, Olmos R, Pérez-Ortiz L, Sánchez-Izquierdo M. Cultural aging stereotypes in European Countries: Are they a risk to Active Aging? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232340. [PMID: 32413041 PMCID: PMC7228050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of literature acknowledges the association between negative stereotypes and individual components of active aging, but very few studies have tested this association, at both individual and population levels. The Stereotypes Content Model (SCM) states that the cultural aging stereotyping of higher warmth than competence (called paternalistic or ambivalent prejudice) is universal. Our aims in this study are to test the extent to which the universality of this stereotype is confirmed in European Countries as well as how far "positive", "negative" or "ambivalent" views towards older people, and other negative attitudes such as prejudice and behaviours such as discrimination, predict active aging assessed both at individual and population levels. We have analyzed data from the European Social Survey-2008 (ESS-2008), containing SCM stereotypical and other appraisal items (such as direct prejudice and perceived discrimination) about adults aged over-70 from 29 European countries. First, SCM cultural stereotypes about older adults ("friendly", "competent", and "ambivalent") were calculated; secondly, after developing a typology of countries based on their "negative", "ambivalent" and "positive" views about older adults, the universality of cultural stereotypes was tested; thirdly, taking into consideration ESS data of those older persons (over 70s) who self-reported indicators of active aging (health, happiness, satisfaction and social participation), multilevel analyses were performed, taking our inter-individual measure of active aging as dependent variable and our stereotypical classification (positive/negative/ambivalent), direct prejudice and perceived discrimination as predictors; finally, relationships between stereotypical and appraisal items on older adults were examined at population level with country data from Active Aging Indexes. Our results show cultural stereotypes about older people (more friendly than competent) are widespread in most European countries, and negative cultural views of older adults are negatively associated with active aging both at individual and population level, supporting that negative cultural views of older adults could be considered as a threat to active aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Olmos
- Dept of Methodology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Dello Russo S, Parry E, Bosak J, Andresen M, Apospori E, Bagdadli S, Chudzikowski K, Dickmann M, Ferencikova S, Gianecchini M, Hall DT, Kaše R, Lazarova M, Reichel A. Still feeling employable with growing age? Exploring the moderating effects of developmental HR practices and country-level unemployment rates in the age – employability relationship. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2020.1737833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dello Russo
- Department of Human Resources Management and Business Law, TBS Business School, Toulouse, France
| | - Emma Parry
- School of Management, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Janine Bosak
- HRM & Organizational Psychology Group, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maike Andresen
- Department of Social Sciences Business Administration and Economics, Otto-Friedrich-University Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Eleni Apospori
- Department of Marketing and Communication, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece
| | - Silvia Bagdadli
- Department of Management and Technology, Università Bocconi, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert Kaše
- Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, UK
| | - Mila Lazarova
- Beedie School of Business, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Astrid Reichel
- Department of Business Management and Economics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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18
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Liao D, Ishii LE, Chen J, Chen LW, Kumar A, Papel ID, Kontis TC, Byrne PJ, Boahene KDO, Ishii M. How Old Do I Look? Exploring the Facial Cues of Age in a Tasked Eye-Tracking Study. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2020; 22:36-41. [PMID: 32053421 DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2019.29001.lia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance: This is the first eye-tracking study to use a tasked age estimation paradigm to explore the facial cues of age as seen by casual observers. Objectives: Determine where observers gaze on faces when tasked with estimating an individual's age. Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a prospective controlled experiment, which took place at an academic tertiary referral center. In total, 220 casual observers (80 untasked, 140 tasked) viewed frontal facial images of women while an infrared eye-tracking monitor recorded their eye movements and fixations in real time. Main Outcomes and Measures: Multivariate Hotelling's analysis followed by planned posthypothesis testing was used to compare fixation durations for predefined regions of interest, including the central triangle, upper face, midface, lower face, and neck between tasked and untasked observers. Results: A total of 80 observers (mean age 23.6 years, 53% female) successfully completed the first untasked eye-tracking experiment. A total of 140 observers (mean age 26.1 years, 60% female) successfully completed the second age estimation experiment. On multivariate analysis, there were significant differences in the distribution of attention between observers in the two experiments (T2 = 99.70; F(5,2084) = 19.9012, p < 0.0001). On planned posthypothesis testing, observers attended significantly more to the lower third of the face (0.20 s, p < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14-0.27 s) and neck (0.05 s, p = 0.0074, 95% CI 0.01-0.08 s) and less to the upper third of the face (-0.27 s, p < 0.0001, 95% CI -0.40 to -0.14 s) when tasked. There was no significant difference in time spent on the whole face in the two experiments, suggesting that peripheral elements such as hair color or jewelry did not significantly influence gaze patterns. Conclusions and Relevance: Humans form judgments about others every day of their lives, and age perception colors their every interaction. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use eye tracking to investigate facial cues of age. The results showed that when tasked with estimating age, casual observer visual attention was shifted toward the lower face when compared with those who were untasked. These data inform our understanding of facial age perception and potential areas to target for facial rejuvenation. Level of Evidence: NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lisa E Ishii
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonlin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lena W Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anisha Kumar
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ira D Papel
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Facial Plastic Surgicenter, Ltd, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Theda C Kontis
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Facial Plastic Surgicenter, Ltd, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrick J Byrne
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kofi D O Boahene
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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19
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Swift HJ, Abrams D, Marques S, Vauclair CM, Bratt C, Lima ML. Agisem in the European Region: Finding from the European Social Survey. INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON AGING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-73820-8_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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