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Wang H, Dou D, Östbye H, Revol R, Daniels R. Structural restrictions for influenza neuraminidase activity promote adaptation and diversification. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:2565-2577. [PMID: 31451775 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Influenza neuraminidase (NA) is a sialidase that contributes to viral mobility by removing the extracellular receptors for the haemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein. However, it remains unclear why influenza NAs evolved to function as Ca2+-dependent tetramers that display variable stability. Here, we show that the Ca2+ ion located at the centre of the NA tetramer is a major stability determinant, as this Ca2+ ion is required for catalysis and its binding affinity varies between NAs. By examining NAs from 2009 pandemic-like H1N1 viruses, we traced the affinity variation to local substitutions that cause residues in the central Ca2+-binding pocket to reposition. A temporal analysis revealed that these local substitutions predictably alter the stability of the 2009 pandemic-like NAs and contribute to the tendency for the stability to vary up and down over time. In addition to the changes in stability, the structural plasticity of NA was also shown to support the formation of heterotetramers, which creates a mechanism for NA to obtain hybrid properties and propagate suboptimal mutants. Together, these results demonstrate how the structural restrictions for activity provide influenza NA with several mechanisms for adaptation and diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dan Dou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Östbye
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Revol
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Daniels
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Dou D, Revol R, Östbye H, Wang H, Daniels R. Influenza A Virus Cell Entry, Replication, Virion Assembly and Movement. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1581. [PMID: 30079062 PMCID: PMC6062596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses replicate within the nucleus of the host cell. This uncommon RNA virus trait provides influenza with the advantage of access to the nuclear machinery during replication. However, it also increases the complexity of the intracellular trafficking that is required for the viral components to establish a productive infection. The segmentation of the influenza genome makes these additional trafficking requirements especially challenging, as each viral RNA (vRNA) gene segment must navigate the network of cellular membrane barriers during the processes of entry and assembly. To accomplish this goal, influenza A viruses (IAVs) utilize a combination of viral and cellular mechanisms to coordinate the transport of their proteins and the eight vRNA gene segments in and out of the cell. The aim of this review is to present the current mechanistic understanding for how IAVs facilitate cell entry, replication, virion assembly, and intercellular movement, in an effort to highlight some of the unanswered questions regarding the coordination of the IAV infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Revol
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Östbye
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Daniels
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Von Itzstein M, Barry JG, Chong AKJ. Anti-infectives Overview: The development of potential anti-influenza drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.3.12.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Inactivation of haemagglutinin and infectivity of influenza and Newcastle disease viruses by heat and by formalin. J Hyg (Lond) 2007; 46:247-51. [PMID: 18104081 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400036366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Progressive heat inactivation of N.D.V. at 54–58° C. for 15 min. is accompanied by parallel destruction of its haemagglutinating activity. Progressive heat inactivation of Lee virus at 50–54° C. for 15 min. is accompanied by parallel loss of eluting power and ‘enzymic’ action on ‘Francis inhibitor’. Formalin in low concentrations rapidly inactivates both N.D.V. and Lee virus without appreciable impairment of their haemagglutinating activity or ‘enzymic’ function. Higher formalin concentrations acting over several days may, however, produce a slow deterioration of the haemagglutinin of both viruses. It is suggested that heat destroys the infectivity of N.D.V. and influenza virus primarily by abolishing their haemagglutinating ‘enzyme’. The possibility of the existence of independent virus components, all of which are essential for full infectivity of these viruses, is discussed.
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Mutations of neuraminidase implicated in neuraminidase inhibitors resistance. J Clin Virol 2007; 41:13-9. [PMID: 18055254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Influenza constitutes one of the most important upper respiratory tract infections regarding morbidity, and mortality. Prevention and treatment of influenza rely on inactivated vaccines and antiviral drugs. Zanamivir and Oseltamivir, the currently available influenza neuraminidase inhibitors (NAI) can be used in clinical practice for the treatment of influenza infection. These drugs have also shown their efficacy against highly pathogenic avian influenza. Recent transmission of avian H7N7 and H5N1 influenza virus to human emphasized the need for active antiviral against emerging influenza viruses. Since their introduction in clinical practice, numerous studies have been implemented to determine the rate of emergence of NAI resistant isolates. These studies describe mechanisms of resistance associated to mutations in the neuraminidase protein, and their consequence in virus fitness and transmission. This review is summarizing the mutations described in human and avian influenza neuraminidases that are associated to resistance or reduction in sensitivity.
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Hayden FG. Antivirals for influenza: historical perspectives and lessons learned. Antiviral Res 2006; 71:372-8. [PMID: 16815563 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Revised: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of the currently available classes of antivirals, the M2 proton channel inhibitors and the neuraminidase inhibitors, provides valuable perspectives relevant to the field of antiviral chemotherapy in general and insights into aspects of viral pathogenesis and antiviral resistance relevant specifically to influenza. The efficacy observed with these antiviral drugs has proven the importance of these antiviral targets, as well as the principle that chemoprophylaxis and early treatment are possible in influenza infections with small molecular weight inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick G Hayden
- University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Box 800473, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Abstract
Zanamivir is the first of two registered neuraminidase inhibitors for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza. Relenza, an orally inhaled powder form of zanamivir, is currently approved in 19 countries for treatment, and in two for prophylaxis. Relenza reduces the time to alleviation of symptoms by 1 to 2 days in the influenza-positive population, if taken within 48 h of symptom onset, and in prophylaxis in family settings, it confers an 80% reduction in the odds of contracting influenza. The resistance profile of zanamivir is encouraging in the sense that there are still no reports of patients on acute therapy shedding drug-resistant virus. However, patient uptake of the inhaled drug has been insufficient to conclude that drug resistance will not be an issue in the future. All zanamivir-resistant variants selected in the laboratory so far have diminished viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Colman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, 3050, Australia.
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SPRINGER GF. [Fucose containing mucins predominantly of entodermal origin with blood group and other biological characteristics]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 33:347-54. [PMID: 14382480 DOI: 10.1007/bf01467964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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JACUBEIT M, BRUNGER P, KNEDEL M. [Studies on the content of fucose in serum and protein fractions. I. Method of determination and normal value in serum]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000; 37:460-4. [PMID: 13655559 DOI: 10.1007/bf01483775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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HARBOE A, REENAAS R, OPPEDAL M. Studies on Francis inhibitor of influenza virus haemagglutination in rabbit serum fractions obtained by electrophoresis on starch-grain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000; 44:92-105. [PMID: 13594468 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1958.tb01058.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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LAURELL AB. Inhibitor capacity of some purified human serum proteins on hemagglutination by influenza virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 49:213-22. [PMID: 14414559 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1960.tb01132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Arruda E, Hayden FG. Update on therapy of influenza and rhinovirus infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1996; 394:175-87. [PMID: 8815685 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9209-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Arruda
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
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Abstract
The determination of the 3-dimensional structure of the influenza virus neuraminidase in 1983 has served as a platform for understanding interactions between antibodies and protein antigens, for investigating antigenic variation in influenza viruses, and for devising new inhibitors of the enzyme. That work is reviewed here, together with more recent developments that have resulted in one of the inhibitors entering clinical trials as an anti-influenza virus drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Colman
- Biomolecular Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Colman PM, Hoyne PA, Lawrence MC. Sequence and structure alignment of paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase with influenza virus neuraminidase. J Virol 1993; 67:2972-80. [PMID: 8497041 PMCID: PMC237633 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.67.6.2972-2980.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A model is proposed for the three-dimensional structure of the paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein. The model is broadly similar to the structure of the influenza virus neuraminidase and is based on the identification of invariant amino acids among HN sequences which have counterparts in the enzyme-active center of influenza virus neuraminidase. The influenza virus enzyme-active site is constructed from strain-invariant functional and framework residues, but in this model of HN, it is primarily the functional residues, i.e., those that make direct contact with the substrate sialic acid, which have identical counterparts in neuraminidase. The framework residues of the active site are different in HN and in neuraminidase and appear to be less strictly conserved within HN sequences than within neuraminidase sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Colman
- Biomolecular Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Lentz MR, Webster RG, Air GM. Site-directed mutation of the active site of influenza neuraminidase and implications for the catalytic mechanism. Biochemistry 1987; 26:5351-8. [PMID: 3314986 DOI: 10.1021/bi00391a020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Different isolates of influenza virus show a high degree of amino acid sequence variation in their surface glycoproteins. Conserved residues located in the substrate-binding pocket of the influenza virus neuraminidase are therefore likely to be involved in substrate binding or enzyme catalysis. In order to study the structure and function of the active site of this protein, a full-length cDNA clone of the neuraminidase gene from influenza A/Tokyo/3/67 was subcloned into aN M13 vector and amino acid substitutions were made in selected residues by using the oligonucleotide mismatch technique. The mutant neuraminidase genes were expressed from a recombinant SV40 vector, and the proteins were analyzed for synthesis, transport to the cell surface, and proper three-dimensional folding by internal and surface immunofluorescence. The mutant neuraminidase proteins were then assayed to determine the effect of the amino acid substitution on enzyme activity. Twelve of the 14 mutant proteins were correctly folded and were transported to the cell surface in a manner identical with that of the wild type. Two of these have full enzyme activity, but seven mutants, despite correct three-dimensional structure, have completely lost neuraminidase activity. Two mutants were active at low pH. The properties of the mutant enzymes suggest a possible mechanism of neuraminidase action.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Lentz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294
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Bos TJ, Nayak DP. Identification of defects in the neuraminidase gene of four temperature-sensitive mutants of A/WSN/33 influenza virus. Virology 1986; 154:85-96. [PMID: 3750846 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Four influenza (A/WSN/33) mutants, temperature sensitive (ts) for neuraminidase (NA) (Sugiura et al., 1972, 1975) were analyzed. All four ts mutants were found to be defective at the nonpermissive temperature (39.5 degrees) both in enzymatic activity and in transport to the cell surface. Upon shift down to the permissive temperature (33 degrees), enzymatic activity and transport to the cell surface were both restored suggesting that the mutational defect is reversible. Comparative sequence analysis of the NA gene from ts mutants, their revertants and wild type WSN viruses revealed that in each case single point mutations causing amino acid substitutions were associated with the ts defect. The positions of each point mutation when mapped in the three-dimensional structure of NA varied. However, all four amino acid substitutions were located in beta-sheet strands of the head region. Several other amino acid changes not essential for the ts phenotype were found in each mutant NA. The nonessential changes were localized either in the stalk region or in the loop structures of the head, but none in the beta-sheet strands. Because both enzymatic activity and transport of NA were affected in all four mutants, we propose that the mutational phenotype is caused by a change in overall conformation rather than a localized change in the sialic acid binding site.
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Kuhn R, Baer HH, Bister W, Brossmer R, Gauhe A, Haas HJ, Haber F, Krüger G, Tiedemann H, Weiser D. Aminozucker. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1957. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19570690105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kuhn R, Brossmer R. ÜberO-Acetyllactaminsäure-lactose aus Kuh-Colostrum und ihre Spaltbarkeit durch Influenza-Virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1956. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19560890902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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WICKHAM N. The relationship of the haemagglutinin of Cl. welchii to other soluble antigens of the organism. J Comp Pathol 1956; 66:71-81. [PMID: 13286378 DOI: 10.1016/s0368-1742(56)80008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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COLLIER WA, WONG ST, DE MIRANDA JC. Bacterien-haemagglutination. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 1955; 21:124-32. [PMID: 14388632 DOI: 10.1007/bf02543806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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BRANS LM, HERTZBERGER E, BINKHORST JL. Studies on the elimination of non-specific inhibitors in sera against influenza viruses with the aid of filtrates of Vibrio cholerae. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1953; 19:309-23. [PMID: 13125328 DOI: 10.1007/bf02594858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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KRADOLFER F, SCHAR B, MEIER R. Zur Frage der Begleitstoffe in gonadotropen Hormonpräparaten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1952; 8:145-6. [PMID: 14945442 DOI: 10.1007/bf02170222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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GERSH I, CATCHPOLE HR. The organization of ground substance and basement membrane and its significance in tissue injury disease and growth. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 1949; 85:457-521, incl 7 pl. [PMID: 15400306 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1000850304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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