1
|
Parrish DD, Derwent RG, Faloona IC. Long-term baseline ozone changes in the Western US: A synthesis of analyses. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2021; 71:1397-1406. [PMID: 34166173 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1945706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of the magnitude and long-term changes in ozone concentrations transported into the U.S. is important for effective air quality policy development. We synthesize multiple published trend analyses of western U.S. baseline ozone, and show that all results are consistent with an overall, non-linear change - a rapid increase (~5 ppb/decade) during the 1980s that slowed in the 1990s, maximized in the mid-2000s, and was followed by a slow decrease (~1 ppb/decade) thereafter. This non-linear change accounts for ~2/3 of the variance in 28 published linear trend analyses; we attribute the other 1/3 of the variance to unquantified autocorrelation in the analyzed data sets that result primarily from meteorologically driven interannual ozone variability. Recent systematic changes in baseline ozone on the U.S. West Coast have been relatively small - the standard deviation of the 2-year means over the 1990-2017 period is 1.5 ppb. International efforts to reduce anthropogenic precursor emissions from all northern mid-latitude sources could possibly reduce baseline ozone concentrations, thereby improving U.S. ozone air quality.Implications: Ozone is an air pollutant with significant human and ecological health impacts. Air masses transported into the western U.S. from over the Pacific Ocean carry ozone concentrations that are, on average, a large fraction of the U.S. health standard. The US EPA policy assessment conducted for the recent review of the ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) found that 2016 regional average MDA8 ozone concentrations in the western US maximized in summer at ~52 ppb and that ~40 ppb of that maximum was contributed by ozone of natural and transported anthropogenic contributions. Thus, quantifying these trans-boundary background ozone concentrations has been identified as an important issue for a complete understanding of US air quality. Published analyses of temporal trends of these transported ozone concentrations vary widely, from early reports of increases to more recent reports of decreases. We show that the long-term ozone changes are nonlinear, with substantial concentration increases (as large as ~5 ppb/decade) before the mid-2000s when a maximum is reached, followed by a small decrease of ~1 ppb/decade thereafter. Superimposed on the overall changes is significant interannual variability that makes accurate determination of systematic trends over decade-scale time periods uncertain. The end of the previously increasing trends, and the recent decrease in transported ozone concentrations, is a good news for U.S. air quality, as it eases the difficulty of achieving the ozone air quality standard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David D Parrish
- David.D.Parrish, LLC, Boulder, CO, USA
- Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Ian C Faloona
- Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Land, Air, & Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tarasick DW, Carey-Smith TK, Hocking WK, Moeini O, He H, Liu J, Osman M, Thompson AM, Johnson B, Oltmans SJ, Merrill JT. Quantifying stratosphere-troposphere transport of ozone using balloon-borne ozonesondes, radar windprofilers and trajectory models. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2019; 198:496-509. [PMID: 32457561 PMCID: PMC7250237 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In a series of 10-day campaigns in Ontario and Quebec, Canada, between 2005 and 2007, ozonesondes were launched twice daily in conjunction with continuous high-resolution wind-profiling radar measurements. Windprofilers can measure rapid changes in the height of the tropopause, and in some cases follow stratospheric intrusions. Observed stratospheric intrusions were studied with the aid of a Lagrangian particle dispersion model and the Canadian operational weather forecast system. Definite stratosphere-troposphere transport (STT) events occurred approximately every 2-3 days during the spring and summer campaigns, whereas during autumn and winter, the frequency was reduced to every 4-5 days. Although most events reached the lower troposphere, only three events appear to have significantly contributed to ozone amounts in the surface boundary layer. Detailed calculations find that STT, while highly variable, is responsible for an average, over the seven campaigns, of 3.1% of boundary layer ozone (1.2 ppb), but 13% (5.4 ppb) in the lower troposphere and 34% (22 ppb) in the middle and upper troposphere, where these layers are defined as 0-1 km, 1-3 km, and 3-8 km respectively. Estimates based on counting laminae in ozonesonde profiles, with judicious choices of ozone and relative humidity thresholds, compare moderately well, on average, with these values. The lamina detection algorithm is then applied to a large dataset from four summer ozonesonde campaigns at 18 North American sites between 2006 and 2011. The results show some site-to-site and year-to-year variability, but stratospheric ozone contributions average 4.6% (boundary layer), 15% (lower troposphere) and 26% (middle/upper troposphere). Calculations were also performed based on the TOST global 3D trajectory-mapped ozone data product. Maps of STT in the same three layers of the troposphere suggest that the STT ozone flux is greater over the North American continent than Europe, and much greater in winter and spring than in summer or fall. When averaged over all seasons, magnitudes over North America show similar ratios between levels to the previous calculations, but are overall 3-4 times smaller. This may be because of limitations (trajectory length and vertical resolution) to the current TOST-based calculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D W Tarasick
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada M3H 5T4
| | - T K Carey-Smith
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - W K Hocking
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 3K7
| | - O Moeini
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada M3H 5T4
| | - H He
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada M3H 5T4
| | - J Liu
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Canada, and School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - M Osman
- Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, The University of Oklahoma, and NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, OK, USA
| | - A M Thompson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - B Johnson
- Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S J Oltmans
- Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J T Merrill
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Das S, Gupte N. Transport, diffusion, and energy studies in the Arnold-Beltrami-Childress map. Phys Rev E 2018; 96:032210. [PMID: 29346902 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.032210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study the transport and diffusion properties of passive inertial particles described by a six-dimensional dissipative bailout embedding map. The base map chosen for the study is the three-dimensional incompressible Arnold-Beltrami-Childress (ABC) map chosen as a representation of volume preserving flows. There are two distinct cases: the two-action and the one-action cases, depending on whether two or one of the parameters (A,B,C) exceed 1. The embedded map dynamics is governed by two parameters (α,γ), which quantify the mass density ratio and dissipation, respectively. There are important differences between the aerosol (α<1) and the bubble (α>1) regimes. We have studied the diffusive behavior of the system and constructed the phase diagram in the parameter space by computing the diffusion exponents η. Three classes have been broadly classified-subdiffusive transport (η<1), normal diffusion (η≈1), and superdiffusion (η>1) with η≈2 referred to as the ballistic regime. Correlating the diffusive phase diagram with the phase diagram for dynamical regimes seen earlier, we find that the hyperchaotic bubble regime is largely correlated with normal and superdiffusive behavior. In contrast, in the aerosol regime, ballistic superdiffusion is seen in regions that largely show periodic dynamical behaviors, whereas subdiffusive behavior is seen in both periodic and chaotic regimes. The probability distributions of the diffusion exponents show power-law scaling for both aerosol and bubbles in the superdiffusive regimes. We further study the Poincáre recurrence times statistics of the system. Here, we find that recurrence time distributions show power law regimes due to the existence of partial barriers to transport in the phase space. Moreover, the plot of average particle kinetic energies versus the mass density ratio for the two-action case exhibits a devil's staircase-like structure for higher dissipation values. We explain these results and discuss their implications for realistic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swetamber Das
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Neelima Gupte
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kuang S, Newchurch MJ, Thompson AM, Stauffer RM, Johnson BJ, Wang L. Ozone Variability and Anomalies Observed during SENEX and SEAC 4RS Campaigns in 2013. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2017; 122:11227-11241. [PMID: 30057866 PMCID: PMC6058320 DOI: 10.1002/2017jd027139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone variability occurs because of multiple forcing factors including surface emission of ozone precursors, stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT), and meteorological conditions. Analyses of ozonesonde observations made in Huntsville, AL, during the peak ozone season (May to September) in 2013 indicate that ozone in the planetary boundary layer was significantly lower than the climatological average, especially in July and August when the Southeastern United States (SEUS) experienced unusually cool and wet weather. Because of a large influence of the lower stratosphere, however, upper-tropospheric ozone was mostly higher than climatology, especially from May to July. Tropospheric ozone anomalies were strongly anti-correlated (or correlated) with water vapor (or temperature) anomalies with a correlation coefficient mostly about 0.6 throughout the entire troposphere. The regression slopes between ozone and temperature anomalies for surface up to mid-troposphere are within 3.0-4.1 ppbv·K-1. The occurrence rates of tropospheric ozone laminae due to STT are ≥50% in May and June and about 30% in July, August and September suggesting that the stratospheric influence on free-tropospheric ozone could be significant during early summer. These STT laminae have a mean maximum ozone enhancement over the climatology of 52±33% (35±24 ppbv) with a mean minimum relative humidity of 2.3±1.7%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Kuang
- Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
| | - Michael J Newchurch
- Atmospheric Science Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
| | - Anne M Thompson
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Ryan M Stauffer
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - Bryan J Johnson
- Global Monitoring Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anderson DC, Nicely JM, Salawitch RJ, Canty TP, Dickerson RR, Hanisco TF, Wolfe GM, Apel EC, Atlas E, Bannan T, Bauguitte S, Blake NJ, Bresch JF, Campos TL, Carpenter LJ, Cohen MD, Evans M, Fernandez RP, Kahn BH, Kinnison DE, Hall SR, Harris NRP, Hornbrook RS, Lamarque JF, Le Breton M, Lee JD, Percival C, Pfister L, Pierce RB, Riemer DD, Saiz-Lopez A, Stunder BJB, Thompson AM, Ullmann K, Vaughan A, Weinheimer AJ. A pervasive role for biomass burning in tropical high ozone/low water structures. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10267. [PMID: 26758808 PMCID: PMC4735513 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Air parcels with mixing ratios of high O3 and low H2O (HOLW) are common features in the tropical western Pacific (TWP) mid-troposphere (300-700 hPa). Here, using data collected during aircraft sampling of the TWP in winter 2014, we find strong, positive correlations of O3 with multiple biomass burning tracers in these HOLW structures. Ozone levels in these structures are about a factor of three larger than background. Models, satellite data and aircraft observations are used to show fires in tropical Africa and Southeast Asia are the dominant source of high O3 and that low H2O results from large-scale descent within the tropical troposphere. Previous explanations that attribute HOLW structures to transport from the stratosphere or mid-latitude troposphere are inconsistent with our observations. This study suggest a larger role for biomass burning in the radiative forcing of climate in the remote TWP than is commonly appreciated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Anderson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Julie M Nicely
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Ross J Salawitch
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.,Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Timothy P Canty
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Russell R Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Thomas F Hanisco
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - Glenn M Wolfe
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.,Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Eric C Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Elliot Atlas
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA
| | - Thomas Bannan
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Nicola J Blake
- Deparment of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - James F Bresch
- Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Teresa L Campos
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Lucy J Carpenter
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mark D Cohen
- NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Mathew Evans
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.,National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Rafael P Fernandez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain.,Department of Natural Science, National Research Council (CONICET), FCEN-UNCuyo, Mendoza 5501, Argentina
| | - Brian H Kahn
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - Douglas E Kinnison
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Samuel R Hall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Neil R P Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Rebecca S Hornbrook
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Lamarque
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.,Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Michael Le Breton
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - James D Lee
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Carl Percival
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Leonhard Pfister
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA
| | - R Bradley Pierce
- NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Daniel D Riemer
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | | | - Anne M Thompson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Adam Vaughan
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Andrew J Weinheimer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kuang S, Newchurch MJ, Burris J, Wang L, Knupp K, Huang G. Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport revealed by ground-based lidar and ozonesonde at a midlatitude site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
7
|
Lai SC, Baker AK, Schuck TJ, Slemr F, Brenninkmeijer CAM, van Velthoven P, Oram DE, Zahn A, Ziereis H. Characterization and source regions of 51 high-CO events observed during Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) flights between south China and the Philippines, 2005–2008. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
8
|
Thompson AM, MacFarlane AM, Morris GA, Yorks JE, Miller SK, Taubman BF, Verver G, Vömel H, Avery MA, Hair JW, Diskin GS, Browell EV, Canossa JV, Kucsera TL, Klich CA, Hlavka DL. Convective and wave signatures in ozone profiles over the equatorial Americas: Views from TC4 2007 and SHADOZ. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Rastigejev Y, Park R, Brenner MP, Jacob DJ. Resolving intercontinental pollution plumes in global models of atmospheric transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
Pisso I, Real E, Law KS, Legras B, Bousserez N, Attié JL, Schlager H. Estimation of mixing in the troposphere from Lagrangian trace gas reconstructions during long-range pollution plume transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
11
|
Nirmal Thyagu N, Gupte N. Transport and diffusion in the embedding map. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 79:066203. [PMID: 19658579 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.066203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We study the transport properties of passive inertial particles in two-dimensional (2D) incompressible flows. Here, the particle dynamics is represented by the four-dimensional dissipative embedding map of the 2D area-preserving standard map which models the incompressible flow. The system is a model for impurity dynamics in a fluid and is characterized by two parameters, the inertia parameter alpha and the dissipation parameter gamma . The aerosol regime, where the particles are denser than the fluid, and the bubble regime, where they are less dense than the fluid, correspond to the parameter regimes alpha>1 and alpha<1 , respectively. Earlier studies of this system show a rich phase diagram with dynamical regimes corresponding to periodic orbits, chaotic structures, and mixed regimes. We obtain the statistical characterizers of transport for this system in these dynamical regimes. These are the recurrence time statistics, the diffusion exponent, and the distribution of jump lengths. The recurrence time distribution shows a power-law tail in the dynamical regimes, where there is preferential concentration of particles in sticky regions of the phase space, and an exponential decay in mixing regimes. The diffusion exponent shows behavior of three types-normal, subdiffusive, and superdiffusive, depending on the parameter regimes. Phase diagrams of the system are constructed to differentiate different types of diffusion behavior, as well as the behavior of the absolute drift. We correlate the dynamical regimes seen for the system at different parameter values with the transport properties observed at these regimes and in the behavior of the transients. This system also shows the existence of a crisis and unstable dimension variability at certain parameter values. The signature of the unstable dimension variability is seen in the statistical characterizers of transport. We discuss the implications of our results for realistic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Nirmal Thyagu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Holdsworth G. Interpreting H2O isotope variations in high-altitude ice cores using a cyclone model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
13
|
Rastigejev Y, Brenner MP, Jacob DJ. Spatial reduction algorithm for atmospheric chemical transport models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:13875-80. [PMID: 17715302 PMCID: PMC1955770 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0705649104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerical modeling of global atmospheric chemical dynamics presents an enormous challenge, associated with simulating hundreds of chemical species with time scales varying from milliseconds to years. Here we present an algorithm that provides a significant reduction in computational cost. Because most of the fast reactants and their quickly decomposing reaction products are localized near emission sources, we use a series of reduced chemical models of decreasing complexity with increasing distance from the source. The algorithm diagnoses the chemical dynamics on-the-run, locally and separately for every species according to its characteristic reaction time. Unlike conventional time-scale separation methods, the spatial reduction algorithm speeds up not only the chemical solver but also advection-diffusion integration. Through several examples we demonstrate that the algorithm can reduce computational cost by at least an order of magnitude for typical atmospheric chemical kinetic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Rastigejev
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - M. P. Brenner
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - D. J. Jacob
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ravetta F, Ancellet G, Colette A, Schlager H. Long-range transport and tropospheric ozone variability in the western Mediterranean region during the Intercontinental Transport of Ozone and Precursors (ITOP-2004) campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Ravetta
- Service d'Aéronomie; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6; Paris France
| | - G. Ancellet
- Service d'Aéronomie; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6; Paris France
| | - A. Colette
- Service d'Aéronomie; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6; Paris France
| | - H. Schlager
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt; Wessling Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Thompson AM, Stone JB, Witte JC, Miller SK, Pierce RB, Chatfield RB, Oltmans SJ, Cooper OR, Loucks AL, Taubman BF, Johnson BJ, Joseph E, Kucsera TL, Merrill JT, Morris GA, Hersey S, Forbes G, Newchurch MJ, Schmidlin FJ, Tarasick DW, Thouret V, Cammas JP. Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Ozonesonde Network Study (IONS) 2004: 1. Summertime upper troposphere/lower stratosphere ozone over northeastern North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
Lewis AC, Evans MJ, Methven J, Watson N, Lee JD, Hopkins JR, Purvis RM, Arnold SR, McQuaid JB, Whalley LK, Pilling MJ, Heard DE, Monks PS, Parker AE, Reeves CE, Oram DE, Mills G, Bandy BJ, Stewart D, Coe H, Williams P, Crosier J. Chemical composition observed over the mid-Atlantic and the detection of pollution signatures far from source regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - M. J. Evans
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - J. Methven
- Department of Meteorology; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - N. Watson
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - J. D. Lee
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - J. R. Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - R. M. Purvis
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - S. R. Arnold
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - J. B. McQuaid
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - L. K. Whalley
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - M. J. Pilling
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - D. E. Heard
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - P. S. Monks
- Department of Chemistry; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - A. E. Parker
- Department of Chemistry; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - C. E. Reeves
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - D. E. Oram
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - G. Mills
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - B. J. Bandy
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - D. Stewart
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - H. Coe
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - P. Williams
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - J. Crosier
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Flentje H. Water vapor heterogeneity related to tropopause folds over the North Atlantic revealed by airborne water vapor differential absorption lidar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Wimmers AJ. Tropopause folding at satellite-observed spatial gradients: 1. Verification of an empirical relationship. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
19
|
Wimmers AJ. Tropopause folding at satellite-observed spatial gradients: 2. Development of an empirical model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
20
|
Fujiwara M, Xie SP, Shiotani M, Hashizume H, Hasebe F, Vömel H, Oltmans SJ, Watanabe T. Upper-tropospheric inversion and easterly jet in the tropics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - S.-P. Xie
- International Pacific Research Center and Department of Meteorology; University of Hawaii; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - M. Shiotani
- Radio Science Center for Space and Atmosphere; Kyoto University; Uji, Kyoto Japan
| | - H. Hashizume
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - F. Hasebe
- Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - H. Vömel
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. J. Oltmans
- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. Watanabe
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science; Fisheries Research Agency; Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- Peter V. Hobbs
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Thompson AM. Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) 1998–2000 tropical ozone climatology 2. Tropospheric variability and the zonal wave-one. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
23
|
Thompson AM. Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) 1998–2000 tropical ozone climatology 1. Comparison with Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and ground-based measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
24
|
Esler JG. Transport and mixing between airmasses in cold frontal regions during Dynamics and Chemistry of Frontal Zones (DCFZ). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Cho JYN. Characterizations of tropospheric turbulence and stability layers from aircraft observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
26
|
Stohl A. Stratosphere-troposphere exchange: A review, and what we have learned from STACCATO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
27
|
|
28
|
Zahn A, Brenninkmeijer CAM, Asman WAH, Crutzen PJ, Heinrich G, Fischer H, Cuijpers JWM, van Velthoven PFJ. Budgets of O3and CO in the upper troposphere: CARIBIC passenger aircraft results 1997-2001. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Zahn
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | | | - W. A. H. Asman
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - P. J. Crutzen
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - G. Heinrich
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research; Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - H. Fischer
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research; Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - J. W. M. Cuijpers
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI); De Bilt Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Chapter 18 Formation and cycling of aerosols in the global troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-8177(02)80021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
31
|
Curtius J, Sierau B, Arnold F, de Reus M, Ström J, Scheeren HA, Lelieveld J. Measurement of aerosol sulfuric acid: 2. Pronounced layering in the free troposphere during the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 2). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
32
|
Thouret V, Cho JYN, Evans MJ, Newell RE, Avery MA, Barrick JDW, Sachse GW, Gregory GL. Tropospheric ozone layers observed during PEM-Tropics B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
33
|
Zachariasse M, Smit HGJ, van Velthoven PFJ, Kelder H. Cross-tropopause and interhemispheric transports into the tropical free troposphere over the Indian Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
34
|
Stohl A, James P, Forster C, Spichtinger N, Marenco A, Thouret V, Smit HGJ. An extension of Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapour by Airbus In-service Aircraft (MOZAIC) ozone climatologies using trajectory statistics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
35
|
Bregman A, Krol MC, Teyssèdre H, Norton WA, Iwi A, Chipperfield M, Pitari G, Sundet JK, Lelieveld J. Chemistry-transport model comparison with ozone observations in the midlatitude lowermost stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
36
|
Stohl A. A 1-year Lagrangian “climatology” of airstreams in the northern hemisphere troposphere and lowermost stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
37
|
Parrish DD, Holloway JS, Jakoubek R, Trainer M, Ryerson TB, Hübler G, Fehsenfeld FC, Moody JL, Cooper OR. Mixing of anthropogenic pollution with stratospheric ozone: A case study from the North Atlantic wintertime troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
38
|
Thouret V, Cho JYN, Newell RE, Marenco A, Smit HGJ. General characteristics of tropospheric trace constituent layers observed in the MOZAIC program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
39
|
Zachariasse M, van Velthoven PFJ, Smit HGJ, Lelieveld J, Mandal TK, Kelder H. Influence of stratosphere-troposphere exchange on tropospheric ozone over the tropical Indian Ocean during the winter monsoon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
40
|
Cho JY.N, Newell RE, Thouret V, Marenco A, Smit H. Trace gas study accumulates forty million frequent-flyer miles for science. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/eo080i034p00377-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|