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Yaniv M. François Gros: from antibiotics to messenger RNA. C R Biol 2024; 346:15-19. [PMID: 38113089 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
François Gros was a prominent French Molecular Biologist who made a major contribution to the discovery of messenger RNA in 1961. He pursued outstanding research on bacterial mRNA and its translation into proteins followed by pioneering work on muscle differentiation. I was lucky to be among his graduate students and owe much of my success in science to him. In this short text I will describe how the initial post-war studies of François guided him to discover the existence of short-lived RNA in bacteria, the messenger RNA containing the information for protein synthesis. I will also recount the influence he had on his students and their carrier in science.
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Abstract
Selection of correct start codons on messenger RNAs is a key step required for faithful translation of the genetic message. Such a selection occurs in a complex process, during which a translation-competent ribosome assembles, eventually having in its P site a specialized methionyl-tRNAMet base-paired with the start codon on the mRNA. This chapter summarizes recent advances describing at the molecular level the successive steps involved in the process. Special emphasis is put on the roles of the three initiation factors and of the initiator tRNA, which are crucial for the efficiency and the specificity of the process. In particular, structural analyses concerning complexes containing ribosomal subunits, as well as detailed kinetic studies, have shed new light on the sequence of events leading to faithful initiation of protein synthesis in Bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nomura
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Schmitt E, Guillon JM, Meinnel T, Mechulam Y, Dardel F, Blanquet S. Molecular recognition governing the initiation of translation in Escherichia coli. A review. Biochimie 1996; 78:543-54. [PMID: 8955898 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(96)80001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Selection of the proper start codon for the synthesis of a polypeptide by the Escherichia coli translation initiation apparatus involves several macromolecular components. These macromolecules interact in a specific and concerted manner to yield the translation initiation complex. This review focuses on recent data concerning the properties of the initiator tRNA and of enzymes and factors involved in the translation initiation process. The three initiation factors, as well as methionyl-tRNA synthetase and methionyl-tRNA(f)Met formyltransferase are described. In addition, the tRNA recognition properties of EF-Tu and peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase are considered. Finally, peptide deformylase and methionine aminopeptidase, which catalyze the amino terminal maturation of nascent polypeptides, can also be associated to the translation initiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schmitt
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, URA-CNRS no 1970, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
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Gualerzi C, Risuleo G, Pon CL. Initial rate kinetic analysis of the mechanism of initiation complex formation and the role of initiation factor IF-3. Biochemistry 1977; 16:1684-9. [PMID: 322704 DOI: 10.1021/bi00627a025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Initial rate kinetics of the formation of ternary complexes of Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunits, poly(uridylic acid), and N-acetylphenylalanyl transfer ribonucleic acid in the presence and in the absence of IF-3 are consistent with the hypothesis that the ternary complex is formed through a random order of addition of polynucleotide and aminoacyl-tRNA to separate and independent binding sites on the 30S ribosomes. The transformation of an intermediate into a stable ternary complex which probably entails a rearrangement of the ribosome structure leading to a codon-anticodon interaction represents the rate-limiting step in the formation of the ternary complex. The rate constant of this transformation, as well as the association constants for the formation of the 30S-poly(U) and 30S-N-AcPhe-tRNA binary complexes, are enhanced by the presence of IF-3 which acts as a kinetic effector on reactions which are intrinsic properties of the 30S ribosome. The IF-3-induced modification of these kinetic parameters of the 30S ribosomal subunit can per se explain the effect of IF-3 on protein synthesis without invoking a specific action at the level of the mRNA-ribosome interaction. This seems to be confirmed by the finding that IF-3 can stimulate several-fold the formation of a ternary complex even if one by-passes the ribosome-template binding step by starting with a covalent 30S-polynucleotide binary complex. Furthermore, the above-mentioned changes induced by IF-3 appear to be compatible with the previously proposed idea that the binding of the factor modifies the conformation of the 30S subunit. The random order of addition of substrates determined for the 30S-N-AcPhe-tRNA-poly(U) model system was found to be valid also for the more physiological 30S initiation complex containing poly(A,U.G) and (fMet-tRNA formed at low Mg2+ concentration in the presence of GTP and all three initiation factors.
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Grunberg-Manago M, Gros F. Initiation mechanisms of protein syntehesis. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1977; 20:209-84. [PMID: 333512 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Michalski CJ, Sells BH, Wahba AJ. Molecular morphology of ribosomes: effect of chain initiation factor 3 on 30 S subunit conformation. FEBS Lett 1976; 71:347-50. [PMID: 793863 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(76)80967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ewald R, Pon C, Gualerzi C. Reactivity of ribosomal sulfhydryl groups in 30S ribosomal subunits of Escherichia coli and 30S-IF-3 complexes. Biochemistry 1976; 15:4786-91. [PMID: 791359 DOI: 10.1021/bi00667a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 30S subunits with the SH group reagent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) causes the loss of approximately 60% of their synethetic activity, but has little or no effect on the ribosomal binding of initiation factor IF-3. The ribosomal binding of this factor, on the other hand, was found to significantly influence the rate and the extent to which several 30S ribosomal proteins react with radioactively labeled NEM when the reaction kinetics of individual ribosomal proteins toward NEM were compared in 30S and 30S-IF-3 complexes. Of the nine 30S ribosomal proteins which react with NEM, proteins S1, S11, S12, and S18 were found to have lower reactivities, while proteins S4 and S21 displayed higher reactivity in the presence of IF-3. The reactivity of proteins S8, S13, and S17, on the other hand, appeared to be influenced little or not at all by the presence of the factor. These results are interpreted as supporting evidence for the premise that the binding of IF-3 results in a conformational change of the 30S subunit.
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Beaudry P, Petersen HU, Grunberg-Manago M, Jacrot B. A neutron study of the 30 S-ribosome subunit and of the 30 S-IF3 complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1976; 72:391-7. [PMID: 985488 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(76)80055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Kay AC, Graffe M, Grunberg-Manago M. Purification and properties of two initiation factors from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Biochimie 1976; 58:183-99. [PMID: 782553 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(76)80369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Two initiation factors have been isolated from the thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus stearothermophilus, and purified to near homogeneity. The two factors possess physical characteristics and activities associated with the E. coli initiation factors IF-2 and IF-3, and are interchangeable with these factors. The two systems present, however, several differences : S-IF-2 is significantly more heat stable than E. coli IF-2, loosing less than 50 per cent of its activity after 20 minutes at 70degreesC. S-IF-2 alone is unable to promote initiation complex formation on B. stearothermophilus or E. coli ribosomes, and S-IF-3 is absolutely necessary for initiation of complex formation on B. stearothermophilus ribosomes. No factor corresponding to IF-1 has been found. S-IF-3 appears to be able to replace at least partially IF-1, since S-IF-3 and E. coli IF-2 are sufficient to promote maximum fMet-tRNA binding to E. coli ribosomes, while E. coli IF-3 and IF-2 also require IF-1. The differences between the two systems are perhaps required because of the elevated temperature at which B. stearothermophilus normally grows.
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11
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Baan RA, Duijfjes JJ, van Leerdam E, van Knippenberg PH, Bosch L. Specific in situ cleavage of 16S ribosomal RNA of Escherichia coli interferes with the function of initiation factor IF-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1976; 73:702-6. [PMID: 768982 PMCID: PMC335986 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.73.3.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific in situ cleavage of 16S rRNA of E. coli has been accomplished by in vitro treatment of 70S ribosomes ("tight couples") with the bacteriocin cloacin DF13. The defective ribosomes, which have fully lost their ability to sustain polypeptide synthesis, are still able to form initiation on complexes with MS2 RNA, but the kinetics are altered. This is apparently due to an improper functioning of initiation factor IF-1, for the defective ribosomal couples respond normally to dissociation by IF-3 but the dissociation is not stimulated by IF-1. The initiation complexes formed with defective ribosomes are fully reactive with puromycin. Their ability to bind alanyl-tRNA is reduced by about 50% at all concentrations of elongation factor Tu studied. Cleavage of the 16S rRNA, not the release of the terminal fragment from the ribosome, causes the block of protein synthesis and the aberrations observed during initiation and elongation.
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12
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Szkopińska A, Zagórski W, Zagórska L, Szafrański P. Recognition of initiation codons in modified f2 RNA by Escherichia coli ribosomes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 60:289-94. [PMID: 1107035 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb21002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
f2 phage RNA treated with O-methylhydroxylamine under denaturing conditions loses its ordered structure with consequent exposure of the normally hidden initiation codons. In the presence of Escherichia coli ribosomes and crude initiation factors modified f2 RNA binds about 50 times more f-[3H]Met-tRNA than native f2 RNA. The interaction of native f2[14C]RNA with ribosomes requires initiation factors. The binding of O-methylhydroxylamine-modified f2 [14C]RNA to E. coli 70-S or 20-S ribosomes does not depend on the presence of initiation factors. A significant number of ribosomes deficient in initiation factors interact with a molecule of modified f2 [14C]RNA. Treatment of the resultant polysomal complex with pancreatic RNase yields ribosomes with f2 RNA fragments protected against RNase. Almost all AUG/GUG codons in the f2 RNA are located on the RNase-insensitive ribosome-bound fragments, constituting only 25% of the entire molecule. Addition of crude initiation factors to such ribosomes with fragments of modified f2 RNA promotes binding of f-[3H]Met-tRNA. The resultant complex is fully reactive with puromycin. No binding of Ac-Phe-tRNA takes place under similar conditions.
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14
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Comolli R. Deficiency in accessory protein of native 40S ribosomal subunits in the liver of aging rats. Exp Gerontol 1975; 10:31-6. [PMID: 1132445 DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(75)90013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Pon CL, Gualerzi C. Effect of initiation factor 3 binding on the 30S ribosomal subunits of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:4950-4. [PMID: 4612534 PMCID: PMC434017 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.12.4950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Under certain conditions, initiation factor 3 (IF-3) can cause the release of aminoacyl-tRNA bound to 30S ribosomal subunits of E. coli. It is shown that this IF-3-induced aminoacyl-tRNA release cannot be attributed to either nucleolytic attack or competition between IF-3 and aminoacyl-tRNA for the same ribosomal binding site. It was found that the 30S-aminoacyl-tRNA-codon complexes formed in the absence of IF-3 are intrinsically different from those prepared in the presence of IF-3. In the absence of IF-3, the ribosomal binding of aminoacyl-tRNA is a virtually irreversible process, since the bound aminoacyl-tRNA can neither be spontaneously released upon dilution nor exchanged for unbound aminoacyl-tRNA. In the presence of IF-3, the binding of one molecule of IF-3 per 30S ribosome renders the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA reversible upon dilution and promotes exchange between bound and unbound aminoacyl-tRNA. It is suggested that this difference is due to a conformational transition of the 30S ribosomal subunit induced by the binding of IF-3. The possible implications of this finding in relation to the mechanism of action of IF-3 and its functional role in the cell are discussed.
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Bernal SD, Blumberg BM, Wang JJ, Nakamoto T. Participation of initiation factor IF-3 in the binding of AcPhe-tRNA to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974; 60:1127-33. [PMID: 4611424 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(74)90429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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17
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Dondon J, Godefroy-Colburn T, Graffe M, Grunberg-Manago M. IF-3 requirements for initiation complex formation with synthetic messengers in E. coli system. FEBS Lett 1974; 45:82-7. [PMID: 4606701 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(74)80816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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18
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Wickstrom E. Escherichia coli initiation factor IF3 binding to AUG and AUG-containing single strands and hairpin loops, and nonspecific binding to polymers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 349:125-30. [PMID: 11400430 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(74)90015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nitrocellulose filter binding and equilibrium dialysis detected the binding of Escherichia coli initiation factor IF3 to AUG, An UGUm single strands and hairpin loops, poly(A,U,G), poly(U), and f2 RNA. No binding was detected for GUA, A8 U, or the hairpin loop A5 GC5 U5. AUG-specific binding, per nucleotide, is strong; nonspecific binding, per nucleotide, is weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wickstrom
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colo. 80302, USA
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Bernal SD, Blumberg BM, Nakamoto T. Requirement of initiation factor 3 in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis with N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:774-8. [PMID: 4522791 PMCID: PMC388096 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.3.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Initiation factor 3 is required, along with initiation factors 1 and 2, for the incorporation of N-acetylphenylalanine into polypeptides and the formation of N-acetylphenylalanylpuromycin. Initiation factor 3 also strongly stimulates the binding of N-acetylphenylalanyl transfer RNA to isolated 30S ribosomal subunits. Phosphocellulose fractions of initiation factor 3 were found to catalyze N-acetylphenylalanine incorporation differentially with different synthetic messenger RNAs not containing any codons for N-formylmethionine. The results suggest that ribosomes recognize the initiator codon only through the initiator transfer RNA.
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20
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Lelong JC, Gros D, Gros F, Bollen A, Maschler R, Stöffler G. Function of individual 30S subunit proteins of Escherichia coli. Effect of specific immunoglobulin fragments (Fab) on activities of ribosomal decoding sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:248-52. [PMID: 4592687 PMCID: PMC387978 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.2.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific anti-30S protein immunoglobulin G fragments (Fab) were used to determine the contribution of each of the 30S ribosomal proteins to: (1) polyphenylalanine synthesis, (2) initiation factor-dependent binding of fMet-tRNA, (3) T-factor-dependent binding of phenylalanyl-tRNA, and (4) fixation of radioactive dihydrostreptomycin. Twenty of the 21 possible antibodies (antibody against S17 excepted) were used. In conditions where all the 30S proteins were accessible to Fabs, all of these monovalent antibodies strongly inhibited polyphenylalanine synthesis in vitro. Antibodies against S4, S6, S7, S12, S15, and S16, however, showed a weaker effect.30S proteins can be classified into four categories by their contributions to the function of sites "A" and "P": class I appears nonessential for tRNA positioning at either site (S4, S7, S15, and S16); class II includes proteins whose role in initiation is critical (S2, S5, S6, S12, and S13); class III (S8, S9, S11, and S18) corresponds to proteins whose blockade prevents internal (elongation factor Tudependent) positioning; and class IV includes entities that are essential for activities of both "A" and "P" sites (S1, S3, S10, S14, S19, S20, and S21). Dihydrostreptomycin fixation to the 30S or 70S ribosomes was inhibited by antibodies against S1, S10, S11, S18, S19, S20, and S21, but only weakly by the anti-S12 (Str A protein) Fab. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to 30S protein function, heterogeneity, and topography.
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21
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Lee-Huang S, Ochoa S. Purification of two messenger-discriminating species of initiation factor 3 (IF3) from Escherichia coli. Methods Enzymol 1974; 30:45-53. [PMID: 4604999 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(74)30008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Vermeer C, Boon J, Talens A, Bosch L. Binding of the initiation factor IF-3 to Escherichia coli ribosomes and MS2 RNA. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 40:283-93. [PMID: 4589550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb03196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Meier D, Lee-Huang S, Ochoa S. Factor Requirements for Initiation Complex Formation with Natural and Synthetic Messengers in Escherichia coli Systems. J Biol Chem 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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24
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Lando D, Cousin MA, Privat de Garilhe M. Misreading, a fundamental aspect of the mechanism of action of several aminoglycosides. Biochemistry 1973; 12:4528-33. [PMID: 4270766 DOI: 10.1021/bi00746a035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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25
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26
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Lee-Huang S, Ochoa S. Purification and properties of two messenger-discriminating species of E. coli initiation factor 3. Arch Biochem Biophys 1973; 156:84-96. [PMID: 4581139 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(73)90344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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27
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Wigle DT. Purification of a messenger-specific initiation factor from ascites-cell supernatant. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 35:11-7. [PMID: 4351524 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb02803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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28
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29
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Groner Y, Revel M. Escherichia coli initiation factors: isolation of an IF2-fMet-transfer RNA complex. J Mol Biol 1973; 74:407-10. [PMID: 4571236 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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30
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31
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Scheps R, Revel M. Deficiency in initiation factors of protein synthesis in stationary-phase Escherichia coli. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1972; 29:319-25. [PMID: 4628224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb01991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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32
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Kay AC, Grunberg-Manago M. The mechanism of action of initiation factor IF1: non-analogy with elongation factor EFTs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 277:225-30. [PMID: 4559799 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(72)90369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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33
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34
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Kubota K, Okuyama A, Tanaka N. Differential effects of antibiotics on peptidyl transferase reactions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 47:1196-202. [PMID: 4555251 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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35
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Pon CL, Friedman SM, Gualerzi C. Studies on the interaction between ribosomes and 14 CH 3 -F 3 initation factor. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1972; 116:192-8. [PMID: 4558194 DOI: 10.1007/bf00582228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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36
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Kaufmann Y, Miskin R, Zamir A. In vivo inactivation of some ribosomal functions in a potassium depleted mutant of E. coli. FEBS Lett 1972; 22:315-318. [PMID: 11946626 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(72)80259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kaufmann
- Department of Biochemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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37
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Studies on the Role of Guanosine Triphosphate in Polypeptide Chain Initiation in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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38
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Lelong JC, Cousin MA, Gros F, Miskin R, Vogel Z, Groner Y, Revel M. Protection of Escherichia coli ribosomes against streptomycin by purified initiation factors. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1972; 27:174-80. [PMID: 4114949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb01823.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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39
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Characterization of the Ribosome-dependent Guanosine Triphosphatase Activity of Polypeptide Chain Initiation Factor IF 2. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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40
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41
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Dubnoff JS, Lockwood AH, Maitra U. Biochemical characterization and messenger specificity of polypeptide chain initiation factors from Escherichia coli. Arch Biochem Biophys 1972; 149:528-40. [PMID: 4579948 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(72)90352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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42
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Schapira G. Traduction de l'acide ribonucléique messager en hémoglobine. Biochimie 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(72)80146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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Levy F, Tichonicky L, Kruh J. Mechanism of action of specific soluble inhibitors of protein synthesis in differentiated cells. Biochimie 1972; 54:63-71. [PMID: 4651143 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(72)80039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kay AC, Grunberg-Manago M. B. stearothermophilus initiation factors and their properties in E. coli and B. stearothermophilus protein initiation systems. Biochimie 1972; 54:1281-90. [PMID: 4569892 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(72)80069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Lee-Huang S, Ochoa S. Messenger discriminating species of initiation factor F3. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1971; 234:236-9. [PMID: 4942987 DOI: 10.1038/newbio234236a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Grunberg-Manago M, Rabinowitz JC, Dondon J, Lelong JC, Gros F. Different classes of initiation factors F3 and their dissociation activity. FEBS Lett 1971; 19:193-200. [PMID: 11946210 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(71)80512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Grunberg-Manago
- Institut de Biologie Physico-chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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Gualerzi C, Pon CL, Kaji A. Initiation factor dependent release of aminoacyl-tRNAs from complexes of 30S ribosomal subunits, synthetic polynucleotide and aminoacyl tRNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1971; 45:1312-9. [PMID: 4944357 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(71)90162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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A complex between initiation factor IF2, guanosine triphosphate, and fMet-tRNA: an intermediate in initiation complex formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1971; 68:3122-6. [PMID: 4943554 PMCID: PMC389604 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.12.3122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence is presented that suggests the formation of a complex between polypeptide chain-initiation factor IF 2, GTP, and fMet-tRNA(f). This complex transfers both fMet-tRNA(f) and GTP to 30S ribosomal subunits in the presence of ApUpG and initiation factor IF 1. The resultant 30S initiation complex reacts with 50S subunits to form a 70S initiation complex. fMet-tRNA(f) in this 70S complex reacts with puromycin to form fMet-puromycin. These results suggest that [IF 2, GTP, fMet-tRNA(f)] is an intermediate in the initiation of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli.
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Groner Y, Revel M. A novel form of initiation factors from escherichia coli which binds formyl methionyl tRNA and GTP: "F2-F3 complex". EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1971; 22:144-52. [PMID: 4999814 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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