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Carrillo U, Díaz-Villanueva V. Impacts of volcanic eruptions and early recovery in freshwater environments and organisms. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2546-2560. [PMID: 34145724 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Volcanic eruptions modify environments physically and chemically with serious consequences for the biota. In this review, we analysed 80 papers reporting the effects of volcanic eruptions in freshwater environments and on freshwater organisms. An increase in water turbidity is the most common reported physical effect while increases in concentrations of inorganic elements, many representing nutrients for primary producers, are the most common chemical effects. Bacterial growth is usually stimulated, while autotrophs can be either positively or negatively affected depending on the type of impact. A persistent effect reported in the biota is changes to the assemblage, which could generate further changes in terms of ecosystem functions. This analysis also identifies some information gaps, particularly involving the effects of eruptions on heterotrophic biofilms in streams and on invertebrates and fish in lakes. Most studies were carried out soon after the volcanic eruption, so it is difficult to assess the recovery of the ecosystems. Eruptions present unique opportunities for scientific discovery, although such studies are often hindered by a lack of pre-eruption data, which would allow for a more comprehensive assessment of the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uara Carrillo
- Laboratorio de Limnología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, Bariloche, Río Negro, 8400, Argentina
| | - Verónica Díaz-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Limnología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, Bariloche, Río Negro, 8400, Argentina
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Matthews-Bird F, Brooks SJ, Gosling WD, Gulliver P, Mothes P, Montoya E. Aquatic community response to volcanic eruptions on the Ecuadorian Andean flank: evidence from the palaeoecological record. JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY 2017; 58:437-453. [PMID: 32009735 PMCID: PMC6959416 DOI: 10.1007/s10933-017-0001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems in the tropical Andes are under increasing pressure from human modification of the landscape (deforestation and dams) and climatic change (increase of extreme events and 1.5 °C on average temperatures are projected for AD 2100). However, the resilience of these ecosystems to perturbations is poorly understood. Here we use a multi-proxy palaeoecological approach to assess the response of aquatic ecosystems to a major mechanism for natural disturbance, volcanic ash deposition. Specifically, we present data from two Neotropical lakes located on the eastern Andean flank of Ecuador. Laguna Pindo (1°27.132'S-78°04.847'W) is a tectonically formed closed basin surrounded by a dense mid-elevation forest, whereas Laguna Baños (0°19.328'S-78°09.175'W) is a glacially formed lake with an inflow and outflow in high Andean Páramo grasslands. In each lake we examined the dynamics of chironomids and other aquatic and semi-aquatic organisms to explore the effect of thick (> 5 cm) volcanic deposits on the aquatic communities in these two systems with different catchment features. In both lakes past volcanic ash deposition was evident from four large tephras dated to c.850 cal year BP (Pindo), and 4600, 3600 and 1500 cal year BP (Baños). Examination of the chironomid and aquatic assemblages before and after the ash depositions revealed no shift in composition at Pindo, but a major change at Baños occurred after the last event around 1500 cal year BP. Chironomids at Baños changed from an assemblage dominated by Pseudochironomus and Polypedilum nubifer-type to Cricotopus/Paratrichocladius type-II, and such a dominance lasted for approximately 380 years. We suggest that, despite potential changes in the water chemistry, the major effect on the chironomid community resulted from the thickness of the tephra being deposited, which acted to shallow the water body beyond a depth threshold. Changes in the aquatic flora and fauna at the base of the trophic chain can promote cascade effects that may deteriorate the ecosystem, especially when already influenced by human activities, such as deforestation and dams, which is frequent in the high Andes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frazer Matthews-Bird
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA
| | - Stephen J. Brooks
- Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - William D. Gosling
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline Gulliver
- NERC Radiocarbon Facility (East Kilbride), SUERC, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride, G75 OQF Scotland, UK
| | - Patricia Mothes
- Instituto Geofísico, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-19 253, Apartado, 1701-2759 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Encarni Montoya
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA UK
- Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume, Almera (ICTJA-CSIC), Sabaris s/n, c/Sole, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Gharib JJ. Methane dynamics in hydrothermal plumes over a superfast spreading center: East Pacific Rise, 27.5°–32.3°S. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jb003531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Heinrichs ML, Walker IR, Mathewes RW, Hebda RJ. Holocene chironomid-inferred salinity and paleovegetation reconstruction from Kilpoola Lake, British Columbia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.7202/004878ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSalinity fluctuations in lakes of semi-arid regions have been recognised as indicators of paleoclimatic change and have provided a valuable line of evidence in paleoclimatic reconstruction. However, factors other than climate, including sedimentologic events, may also affect salinity. At Kilpoola Lake, early postglacial freshwater chironomids (Microtendipes,Sergentia, andHeterotrissocladius) occur in the basal sediments and yield a chironomid-inferred salinity of <0.03 g/l. Higher salinities, ranging from 1.0 to 3.5 g/l, withCricotopus/OrthocladiusandTanypus(chironomids typical of saline environments) follow and, persist for most of the remainder of the Holocene. An inferred 450% salinity increase (from 1.6 to 7.3 g/l) occurred in the sediment above the Mount Mazama tephra, followed by a return to the pre-Mount Mazama salinity. The early Holocene pollen spectra are typical of open steppe, but the post-MazamaArtemisiapollen percentages are exceptionally high and are associated with silty clays. Pollen spectra following thisArtemisiapeak represent steppe communities and are consistent with regional trends. We suggest that the changes in chironomid communities and vegetation after deposition of the Mazama ash do not reflect a rapid shift to warmer or drier climate and evaporation, but rather an increased ionic concentration due to solutes derived from the freshly deposited tephra and perhaps in- washed silts and clays.
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5
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Bacteria, fungi and biokarst in Lechuguilla Cave, Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01061824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Baross JA, Hoffman SE. Submarine hydrothermal vents and associated gradient environments as sites for the origin and evolution of life. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01808177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rawlence DJ. A study of pigment and diatoms in a core from Lake Rotorua, North Island, New Zealand, with emphasis on recent history. J R Soc N Z 1984. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.1984.10418185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Dahm CN, Baross JA, Ward AK, Lilley MD, Sedell JR. Initial Effects of the Mount St. Helens Eruption on Nitrogen Cycle and Related Chemical Processes in Ryan Lake. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983; 45:1633-45. [PMID: 16346298 PMCID: PMC242510 DOI: 10.1128/aem.45.5.1633-1645.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ryan Lake, a 1.6-hectare basin lake near the periphery of the tree blowdown area in the blast zone 19 km north of Mount St. Helens, was studied from August to October 1980 to determine the microbial and chemical response of the lake to the eruption. Nutrient enrichment through the addition of fresh volcanic material and the organic debris from the surrounding conifer forest stimulated intense microbial activity. Concentrations of such nutrients as phosphorus, sulfur, manganese, iron, and dissolved organic carbon were markedly elevated. Nitrogen cycle activity was especially important to the lake ecosystem in regulating biogeochemical cycling owing to the limiting abundance of nitrogen compounds. Nitrogen fixation, both aerobic and anaerobic, was active from aerobic benthic and planktonic cyanobacteria with rates up to 210 nmol of N
2
cm
−1
h
−1
and 667 nmol of N
2
liter
−1
h
−1
, respectively, and from anaerobic bacteria with rates reaching 220 nmol of N
2
liter
−1
h
−1
. Nitrification was limited to the aerobic epilimnion and littoral zones where rates were 43 and 261 nmol of NO
2
liter
−1
day
−1
, respectively. Potential denitrification rates were as high as 30 μmol of N
2
O liter
−1
day
−1
in the anaerobic hypolimnion. Total bacterial numbers ranged from 1 × 10
6
to 3 × 10
8
ml
−1
with the number of viable sulfur-metal-oxidizing bacteria reaching 2 × 10
6
ml
−1
in the hypolimnion. A general scenario for the microbial cycling of nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, and metals is presented for volcanically impacted lakes. The important role of nitrogen as these lakes recover from the cataclysmic eruption and proceed back towards their prior status as oligotrophic alpine lakes is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Dahm
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and School of Oceanography, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331; Department of Biology, University of Alabama, University, Alabama 35486 ; and Forestry Sciences Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
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