1
|
Wang T, Liu L, Rampisela D, Dong X, Keith KA, Benardete EA, Shan FY. A Cerebellar Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis in a Patient With Von Hippel-Lindau Disease. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2024; 32:244-248. [PMID: 38712587 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-to-tumor metastasis in the central nerve system is uncommon in our routine practice. Most reports include metastatic breast cancer into meningioma. Here we report a metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) into a cerebellar hemangioblastoma in a patient with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Imaging cannot distinguish metastatic ccRCC from primary cerebellar hemangioblastoma. Immuno-molecular studies are proven to be diagnostic. We also reviewed previously documented tumor-to-tumor metastasis of ccRCC to cerebellar hemangioblastoma in VHL disease. Lastly, we discussed potential mechanisms involved in the metastasis of ccRCC to hemangioblastoma in the cerebellum in patients with VHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ethan A Benardete
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX
| | - Frank Y Shan
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jia L, Cowell LG, Kapur P. Understanding Factors that Influence Prognosis and Response to Therapy in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Adv Anat Pathol 2024; 31:96-104. [PMID: 38179997 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we highlight and contextualize emerging morphologic prognostic and predictive factors in renal cell carcinoma. We focus on clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common histologic subtype. Our understanding of the molecular characterization of ccRCC has dramatically improved in the last decade. Herein, we highlight how these discoveries have laid the foundation for new approaches to prognosis and therapeutic decision-making for patients with ccRCC. We explore the clinical relevance of common mutations, established gene expression signatures, intratumoral heterogeneity, sarcomatoid/rhabdoid morphology and PD-L1 expression, and discuss their impact on predicting response to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay G Cowell
- Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health
- Kidney Cancer Program at Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Payal Kapur
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
- Kidney Cancer Program at Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baker TM, Waise S, Tarabichi M, Van Loo P. Aneuploidy and complex genomic rearrangements in cancer evolution. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:228-239. [PMID: 38286829 PMCID: PMC7616040 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Mutational processes that alter large genomic regions occur frequently in developing tumors. They range from simple copy number gains and losses to the shattering and reassembly of entire chromosomes. These catastrophic events, such as chromothripsis, chromoplexy and the formation of extrachromosomal DNA, affect the expression of many genes and therefore have a substantial effect on the fitness of the cells in which they arise. In this review, we cover large genomic alterations, the mechanisms that cause them and their effect on tumor development and evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toby M Baker
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara Waise
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Maxime Tarabichi
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Van Loo
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khan A, Metts JM, Collins LC, Mills CA, Li K, Brademeyer AL, Bowman BM, Major MB, Aubé J, Herring LE, Davis IJ, Strahl BD. SETD2 maintains nuclear lamina stability to safeguard the genome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.28.560032. [PMID: 37808753 PMCID: PMC10557632 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.28.560032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Histone methyltransferases play essential roles in the organization and function of chromatin. They are also frequently mutated in human diseases including cancer1. One such often mutated methyltransferase, SETD2, associates co-transcriptionally with RNA polymerase II and catalyzes histone H3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) - a modification that contributes to gene transcription, splicing, and DNA repair2. While studies on SETD2 have largely focused on the consequences of its catalytic activity, the non-catalytic functions of SETD2 are largely unknown. Here we report a catalysis-independent function of SETD2 in maintaining nuclear lamina stability and genome integrity. We found that SETD2, via its intrinsically disordered N-terminus, associates with nuclear lamina proteins including lamin A/C, lamin B1, and emerin. Depletion of SETD2, or deletion of its N-terminus, resulted in widespread nuclear morphology abnormalities and genome stability defects that were reminiscent of a defective nuclear lamina. Mechanistically, the N-terminus of SETD2 facilitates the association of the mitotic kinase CDK1 with lamins, thereby promoting lamin phosphorylation and depolymerization required for nuclear envelope disassembly during mitosis. Taken together, our findings reveal an unanticipated link between the N-terminus of SETD2 and nuclear lamina organization that may underlie how SETD2 acts as a tumor suppressor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - James M. Metts
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Lucas C. Collins
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - C. Allie Mills
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Kelin Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Amanda L. Brademeyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Brittany M. Bowman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - M. Ben Major
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Laura E. Herring
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Ian J. Davis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Brian D. Strahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Badoiu SC, Greabu M, Miricescu D, Stanescu-Spinu II, Ilinca R, Balan DG, Balcangiu-Stroescu AE, Mihai DA, Vacaroiu IA, Stefani C, Jinga V. PI3K/AKT/mTOR Dysregulation and Reprogramming Metabolic Pathways in Renal Cancer: Crosstalk with the VHL/HIF Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8391. [PMID: 37176098 PMCID: PMC10179314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 85-95% of kidney cancers and is the most frequent type of renal cancer in adult patients. It accounts for 3% of all cancer cases and is in 7th place among the most frequent histological types of cancer. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), accounts for 75% of RCCs and has the most kidney cancer-related deaths. One-third of the patients with ccRCC develop metastases. Renal cancer presents cellular alterations in sugars, lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acid metabolism. RCC is characterized by several metabolic dysregulations including oxygen sensing (VHL/HIF pathway), glucose transporters (GLUT 1 and GLUT 4) energy sensing, and energy nutrient sensing cascade. Metabolic reprogramming represents an important characteristic of the cancer cells to survive in nutrient and oxygen-deprived environments, to proliferate and metastasize in different body sites. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of the rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway is usually dysregulated in various cancer types including renal cancer. This molecular pathway is frequently correlated with tumor growth and survival. The main aim of this review is to present renal cancer types, dysregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway members, crosstalk with VHL/HIF axis, and carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acid alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silviu Constantin Badoiu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria Greabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniela Miricescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Radu Ilinca
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniela Gabriela Balan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.G.B.); (A.-E.B.-S.)
| | - Andra-Elena Balcangiu-Stroescu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.G.B.); (A.-E.B.-S.)
| | - Doina-Andrada Mihai
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ileana Adela Vacaroiu
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Constantin Stefani
- Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Base, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 134 Calea Plevnei, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Department of Urology, “Prof. Dr. Theodor Burghele” Hospital, 050653 Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Theodor Burghele” Clinical Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Medical Sciences Section, Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Du X, Zhao Z, Zhao X, Wang H, Jiang L, Tang W. Risk signature identification and NPRL2 affects sunitinib sensitivity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 663:122-131. [PMID: 37121122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. We analyzed the subtypes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) mediated by 8 genes contained in the 3p21.3 tumor suppressor gene cluster and their effects on TME cell infiltration based on the TCGA database. The risk score model was established by principal component analysis. The hub gene NPRL2 was selected by protein-protein interactions (PPI) analysis. The effect of NPRL2 on sunitinib sensitivity of ccRCC was verified by using CCK-8, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay and xenograft tumor model. Changes in protein expression were detected by Western blotting. We found that 8 TSGs were all differentially expressed in ccRCC samples, which could divide ccRCC into two subtypes. The constructed risk score model could predict the prognosis and drug sensitivity of ccRCC patients, and was an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC. Over-expression of NPRL2 promoted apoptosis, inhibited EMT, decreased the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit its activity, and promoted the sensitivity of sunitinib to ccRCC cells. Collectively, our findings increased the understanding of TSGs in ccRCC, suggesting that NPRL2 as a TSG could enhance sunitinib sensitivity to ccRCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hexi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kapur P, Rajaram S, Brugarolas J. The expanding role of BAP1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2023; 133:22-31. [PMID: 35932824 PMCID: PMC9898467 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations drive renal cell carcinoma biology and tumor growth. The BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) gene is frequently mutated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and has emerged as a prognostic and putative predictive biomarker. In this review, we discuss the role of BAP1 as a signature event of a subtype of ccRCC marked by aggressiveness, inflammation, and possibly a heightened response to immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payal Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Satwik Rajaram
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - James Brugarolas
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jin J, Xie Y, Zhang JS, Wang JQ, Dai SJ, He WF, Li SY, Ashby CR, Chen ZS, He Q. Sunitinib resistance in renal cell carcinoma: From molecular mechanisms to predictive biomarkers. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 67:100929. [PMID: 36739809 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Currently, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most prevalent type of kidney cancer. Targeted therapy has replaced radiation therapy and chemotherapy as the main treatment option for RCC due to the lack of significant efficacy with these conventional therapeutic regimens. Sunitinib, a drug used to treat gastrointestinal tumors and renal cell carcinoma, inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of a number of receptor tyrosine kinases, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), c-Kit, rearranged during transfection (RET) and fms-related receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3). Although sunitinib has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of patients with advanced RCC, a significant number of patients have primary resistance to sunitinib or acquired drug resistance within the 6-15 months of therapy. Thus, in order to develop more efficacious and long-lasting treatment strategies for patients with advanced RCC, it will be crucial to ascertain how to overcome sunitinib resistance that is produced by various drug resistance mechanisms. In this review, we discuss: 1) molecular mechanisms of sunitinib resistance; 2) strategies to overcome sunitinib resistance and 3) potential predictive biomarkers of sunitinib resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Yuhao Xie
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Jin-Shi Zhang
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Shi-Jie Dai
- Zhejiang Eyoung Pharmaceutical Research and Development Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311258, China
| | - Wen-Fang He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Shou-Ye Li
- Zhejiang Eyoung Pharmaceutical Research and Development Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311258, China
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Downstream Targets of VHL/HIF-α Signaling in Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Progression: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Relevance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041316. [PMID: 36831657 PMCID: PMC9953937 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The clear cell variant of renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common renal epithelial malignancy and responsible for most of the deaths from kidney cancer. Patients carrying inactivating mutations in the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene have an increased proclivity to develop several types of tumors including ccRCC. Normally, the Hypoxia Inducible Factor alpha (HIF-α) subunits of the HIF heterodimeric transcription factor complex are regulated by oxygen-dependent prolyl-hydroxylation, VHL-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Loss of pVHL function results in elevated levels of HIF-α due to increased stability, leading to RCC progression. While HIF-1α acts as a tumor suppressor, HIF-2α promotes oncogenic potential by driving tumor progression and metastasis through activation of hypoxia-sensitive signaling pathways and overexpression of HIF-2α target genes. One strategy to suppress ccRCC aggressiveness is directed at inhibition of HIF-2α and the associated molecular pathways leading to cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Indeed, clinical and pre-clinical data demonstrated the effectiveness of HIF-2α targeted therapy in attenuating ccRCC progression. This review focuses on the signaling pathways and the involved genes (cyclin D, c-Myc, VEGF-a, EGFR, TGF-α, GLUT-1) that confer oncogenic potential downstream of the VHL-HIF-2α signaling axis in ccRCC. Discussed as well are current treatment options (including receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sunitinib), the medical challenges (high prevalence of metastasis at the time of diagnosis, refractory nature of advanced disease to current treatment options), scientific challenges and future directions.
Collapse
|
10
|
Characterization of Microscopic Multicellular Foci in Grossly Normal Renal Parenchyma of Von Hippel-Lindau Kidney. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58121725. [PMID: 36556926 PMCID: PMC9782033 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aims to describe the earliest renal lesions in patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, especially the multicellular microscopic pathologic events, to get information into the genesis of renal neoplasms in this condition. Materials and Methods: Multicellular events were identified, and 3dimensional reconstruction was performed in grossly normal kidney parenchyma from VHL disease patients by using H&E-stained slides previously prepared. Results: The lesions were measured and the volume of clusters was calculated. Immunohistochemistry was performed for downstream HIF-target protein carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX) as well as CD34 for assessment of angiogenesis. We divided lesions into four types according to lesion height/size. The number of lesions was markedly decreased from lesion 1 (smallest) to lesion 2, then from lesions 2 to 3, and again from lesion 3 to 4. Distribution was highly consistent in the four cases, and the same decrement pattern was seen in all blocks studied. The volumes of clusters were measured and divided into three categories according to their volume. The most frequent pathologic event in VHL kidneys was category 1 (smallest volume), then category 2, and then category 3. Conclusion: We demonstrate that tracking histologic and morphologic changes in 3 dimensions of multicellular microscopic pathologic events enabled us to confirm a protracted sequence of events from smaller to larger cellular amplification events in VHL kidney.
Collapse
|
11
|
MIZUTANI KOSUKE, YOKOI SHIGEAKI, SAWADA SEIYA, SAKAMOTO IPPEI, KAMEYAMA KOJI, KAMEI SHINGO, HIRADE KOUSEKI, SUGIYAMA SEIJI, MATSUNAGA KENGO, YAMADA TETSUYA, KATO YASUTAKA, NISHIHARA HIROSHI, ISHIHARA SATOSHI, DEGUCHI TAKASHI. Derivative Chromosome 3 Loss from t(3;6)(q12;q14) Followed by Differential VHL Mutations Underlie Multifocal ccRCC. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:740-746. [PMID: 36316043 PMCID: PMC9620442 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene encodes a protein (pVHL) that plays an important role in proteasome degradation of hypoxia inducible factor α (HIFα) through E3 activation. Accumulation of HIFα by loss of functional pVHL promotes tumorigenesis, thus, VHL has tumor suppressor gene capability in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). VHL is the most frequently mutated gene in ccRCC. The complete loss of VHL is mainly achieved by loss of chromosome 3p, which has a VHL coding region in combination with mutation or hypermethylation of the remaining copy of VHL. Given the risk of constitutional chromosome 3 translocation for RCC, it is important to detect the translocation and understand the mechanism underlying the development of multifocal ccRCC. CASE REPORT A 67-year-old female patient diagnosed with multifocal RCC underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for three kidney tumors. A cancer gene panel test using next generation sequencing (NGS) detected differential VHL mutations (c.533T>G; p.L178R, c.465_466insTA; p.T157Ifs*3, c.343C>A; p.H115N), while VHL mutation was not detected in peripheral blood DNA. A tendency toward copy number loss of genes on der(3) was also detected in all tumors, but not in the germline one. A karyotype analysis revealed a germline translocation between 3 and 6, t(3;6)(q12;q14). CONCLUSION Chromosome 3 translocation and loss of derivative chromosome containing 3p and subsequent somatic differential VHL mutations in this case strongly support the previously proposed three-step model to explain the development of familial conventional ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- KOSUKE MIZUTANI
- Cancer Genomic Testing and Treatment Center, Central Japan International Medical Center, Minokamo, Japan,Department of Urology, Central Japan International Medical Center, Minokamo, Japan
| | - SHIGEAKI YOKOI
- Department of Urology, Central Japan International Medical Center, Minokamo, Japan
| | - SEIYA SAWADA
- Cancer Genomic Testing and Treatment Center, Central Japan International Medical Center, Minokamo, Japan
| | - IPPEI SAKAMOTO
- Bioinformatics Department, Communication Engineering Center, Electronic Systems Business Group, Mitsubishi Electric Software Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - KOJI KAMEYAMA
- Department of Urology, Central Japan International Medical Center, Minokamo, Japan
| | - SHINGO KAMEI
- Department of Urology, Central Japan International Medical Center, Minokamo, Japan
| | - KOUSEKI HIRADE
- Cancer Genomic Testing and Treatment Center, Central Japan International Medical Center, Minokamo, Japan
| | - SEIJI SUGIYAMA
- Department of Pathology, Central Japan International Medical Center, Minokamo, Japan
| | - KENGO MATSUNAGA
- Department of Pathology, Central Japan International Medical Center, Minokamo, Japan
| | - TETSUYA YAMADA
- Department of Pathology, Central Japan International Medical Center, Minokamo, Japan
| | - YASUTAKA KATO
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Biology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cancer Medical Science, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | - HIROSHI NISHIHARA
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Biology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cancer Medical Science, Hokuto Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | - SATOSHI ISHIHARA
- Cancer Genomic Testing and Treatment Center, Central Japan International Medical Center, Minokamo, Japan,Department of Urology, Central Japan International Medical Center, Minokamo, Japan
| | - TAKASHI DEGUCHI
- Department of Urology, Central Japan International Medical Center, Minokamo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moch H, Amin MB, Berney DM, Compérat EM, Gill AJ, Hartmann A, Menon S, Raspollini MR, Rubin MA, Srigley JR, Hoon Tan P, Tickoo SK, Tsuzuki T, Turajlic S, Cree I, Netto GJ. The 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs-Part A: Renal, Penile, and Testicular Tumours. Eur Urol 2022; 82:458-468. [PMID: 35853783 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of urogenital tumours (WHO "Blue Book"), published in 2022, contains significant revisions. This review summarises the most relevant changes for renal, penile, and testicular tumours. In keeping with other volumes in the fifth edition series, the WHO classification of urogenital tumours follows a hierarchical classification and lists tumours by site, category, family, and type. The section "essential and desirable diagnostic criteria" included in the WHO fifth edition represents morphologic diagnostic criteria, combined with immunohistochemistry and relevant molecular tests. The global introduction of massive parallel sequencing will result in a diagnostic shift from morphology to molecular analyses. Therefore, a molecular-driven renal tumour classification has been introduced, taking recent discoveries in renal tumour genomics into account. Such novel molecularly defined epithelial renal tumours include SMARCB1-deficient medullary renal cell carcinoma (RCC), TFEB-altered RCC, Alk-rearranged RCC, and ELOC-mutated RCC. Eosinophilic solid and cystic RCC is a novel morphologically defined RCC entity. The diverse morphologic patterns of penile squamous cell carcinomas are grouped as human papillomavirus (HPV) associated and HPV independent, and there is an attempt to simplify the morphologic classification. A new chapter with tumours of the scrotum has been introduced. The main nomenclature of testicular tumours is retained, including the use of the term "germ cell neoplasia in situ" (GCNIS) for the preneoplastic lesion of most germ cell tumours and division from those not derived from GCNIS. Nomenclature changes include replacement of the term "primitive neuroectodermal tumour" by "embryonic neuroectodermal tumour" to separate these tumours clearly from Ewing sarcoma. The term "carcinoid" has been changed to "neuroendocrine tumour", with most examples in the testis now classified as "prepubertal type testicular neuroendocrine tumour".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zuerich and University of Zuerich, Zuerich, Switzerland.
| | - Mahul B Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Urology, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel M Berney
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Cellular Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Eva M Compérat
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Pathology Group Kolling Institute of Medical Research Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards, Sydney, Australia
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Santosh Menon
- Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Maria R Raspollini
- Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Bern Center for Precision Medicine (BCPM), University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John R Srigley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Satish K Tickoo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Toyonori Tsuzuki
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakut, Japan
| | - Samra Turajlic
- The Francis Crick Institute and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ian Cree
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - George J Netto
- Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hasanov E, Pimentel I, Cruellas M, Lewis MA, Jonasch E, Balmaña J. Current Systemic Treatments for the Hereditary Cancer Syndromes: Drug Development in Light of Genomic Defects. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2022; 42:1-17. [PMID: 35671435 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_350232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the genetic basis of different tumors have led to identification of tumor vulnerabilities that can be turn into targeted therapies. In this regard, PARP inhibitors cause synthetic lethality with tumors harboring BRCA1 or BRCA2 genetic alterations. On the other hand, tumors with microsatellite instability, either due to germline or sporadic alterations, are candidates for immune checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease who carry a germline alteration in the VHL gene may benefit form belzutifan, a hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha inhibitor. Overall, research on the underlying pathological mechanisms of these tumors has provided new therapeutic opportunities that might be expanded to other sporadic tumors with similar biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elshad Hasanov
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Isabel Pimentel
- Breast Cancer Unit and Hereditary Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mara Cruellas
- Breast Cancer Unit and Hereditary Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eric Jonasch
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Breast Cancer Unit and Hereditary Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vocke CD, Ricketts CJ, Metwalli AR, Pinto PA, Gautam R, Raffeld M, Merino MJ, Ball MW, Linehan WM. Differential VHL mutation patterns in bilateral clear cell RCC distinguishes between independent primary tumors and contralateral metastatic disease. Urology 2022; 165:170-177. [PMID: 35469800 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether bilateral, multifocal clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients can be differentiated by VHL mutation analysis into cases that represent either multiple independently arising primary tumors, or a single primary tumor which has spread ipsilaterally as well as to the contralateral kidney. The nature of kidney cancer multifocality outside of known hereditary syndromes is as yet poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA from multiple tumors per patient were evaluated for somatic VHL gene mutation and hypermethylation. A subset of tumors with shared VHL mutations were analyzed with targeted, next-generation sequencing assays. RESULTS This cohort contained 5 patients with multiple tumors that demonstrated a shared somatic VHL mutation consistent with metastatic spread including to the contralateral kidney. In several cases this was substantiated by additional shared somatic mutations in ccRCC-associated genes. In contrast, the remaining 14 patients with multiple tumors demonstrated unique, unshared VHL alterations in every analyzed tumor, consistent with independently arising kidney tumors. None of these latter patients showed any evidence of local spread or distant metastasis. CONCLUSION The spectrum of VHL alterations within evaluated bilateral, multifocal ccRCC tumors from a single patient can distinguish between multiple independent tumor growth and metastasis. This can be performed using currently available clinical genetic tests and will improve the accuracy of patient diagnosis and prognosis, as well as informing appropriate management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathy D Vocke
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Christopher J Ricketts
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Adam R Metwalli
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Peter A Pinto
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Rabindra Gautam
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Maria J Merino
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mark W Ball
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Thévenod F, Schreiber T, Lee WK. Renal hypoxia-HIF-PHD-EPO signaling in transition metal nephrotoxicity: friend or foe? Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1573-1607. [PMID: 35445830 PMCID: PMC9095554 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The kidney is the main organ that senses changes in systemic oxygen tension, but it is also the key detoxification, transit and excretion site of transition metals (TMs). Pivotal to oxygen sensing are prolyl-hydroxylases (PHDs), which hydroxylate specific residues in hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), key transcription factors that orchestrate responses to hypoxia, such as induction of erythropoietin (EPO). The essential TM ion Fe is a key component and regulator of the hypoxia–PHD–HIF–EPO (HPHE) signaling axis, which governs erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, anaerobic metabolism, adaptation, survival and proliferation, and hence cell and body homeostasis. However, inadequate concentrations of essential TMs or entry of non-essential TMs in organisms cause toxicity and disrupt health. Non-essential TMs are toxic because they enter cells and displace essential TMs by ionic and molecular mimicry, e. g. in metalloproteins. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of HPHE interactions with TMs (Fe, Co, Ni, Cd, Cr, and Pt) as well as their implications in renal physiology, pathophysiology and toxicology. Some TMs, such as Fe and Co, may activate renal HPHE signaling, which may be beneficial under some circumstances, for example, by mitigating renal injuries from other causes, but may also promote pathologies, such as renal cancer development and metastasis. Yet some other TMs appear to disrupt renal HPHE signaling, contributing to the complex picture of TM (nephro-)toxicity. Strikingly, despite a wealth of literature on the topic, current knowledge lacks a deeper molecular understanding of TM interaction with HPHE signaling, in particular in the kidney. This precludes rationale preventive and therapeutic approaches to TM nephrotoxicity, although recently activators of HPHE signaling have become available for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Thévenod
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Strasse 12, 58453, Witten, Germany.
| | - Timm Schreiber
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Strasse 12, 58453, Witten, Germany
| | - Wing-Kee Lee
- Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cells and Membranes, Medical School EWL, Bielefeld University, R.1 B2-13, Morgenbreede 1, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Prochazkova K, Ptakova N, Alaghehbandan R, Williamson SR, Vaněček T, Vodicka J, Treska V, Rogala J, Pivovarcikova K, Michalova K, Slisarenko M, Hora M, Michal M, Hes O. Mutation Profile Variability in the Primary Tumor and Multiple Pulmonary Metastases of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. A Review of the Literature and Analysis of Four Metastatic Cases. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5906. [PMID: 34885018 PMCID: PMC8656868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: There are limited data concerning inter-tumoral and inter-metastatic heterogeneity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). The aim of our study was to review published data and to examine mutation profile variability in primary and multiple pulmonary metastases (PMs) in our cohort of four patients with metastatic CCRCC. (2) Methods: Four patients were enrolled in this study. The clinical characteristics, types of surgeries, histopathologic results, immunohistochemical and genetic evaluations of corresponding primary tumor and PMs, and follow-up data were recorded. (3) Results: In our series, the most commonly mutated genes were those in the canonically dysregulated VHL pathway, which were detected in both primary tumors and corresponding metastasis. There were genetic profile differences between primary and metastatic tumors, as well as among particular metastases in one patient. (4) Conclusions: CCRCC shows heterogeneity between the primary tumor and its metastasis. Such mutational changes may be responsible for suboptimal treatment outcomes in targeted therapy settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Prochazkova
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 304 60 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (J.V.); (V.T.)
| | - Nikola Ptakova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Reza Alaghehbandan
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC 2329, Canada;
| | - Sean R. Williamson
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute and Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Tomáš Vaněček
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 305 99 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (J.R.); (K.P.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Josef Vodicka
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 304 60 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (J.V.); (V.T.)
| | - Vladislav Treska
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 304 60 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (J.V.); (V.T.)
| | - Joanna Rogala
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 305 99 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (J.R.); (K.P.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Kristyna Pivovarcikova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 305 99 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (J.R.); (K.P.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Kvetoslava Michalova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 305 99 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (J.R.); (K.P.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Maryna Slisarenko
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 305 99 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (J.R.); (K.P.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Milan Hora
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 305 99 Pilsen, Czech Republic;
| | - Michal Michal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 305 99 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (J.R.); (K.P.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Ondrej Hes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 305 99 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (J.R.); (K.P.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xiao C, Fan T, Tian H, Zheng Y, Zhou Z, Li S, Li C, He J. H3K36 trimethylation-mediated biological functions in cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:199. [PMID: 34715919 PMCID: PMC8555273 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modification is an important form of epigenetic regulation. Thereinto, histone methylation is a critical determination of chromatin states, participating in multiple cellular processes. As a conserved histone methylation mark, histone 3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) can mediate multiple transcriptional-related events, such as the regulation of transcriptional activity, transcription elongation, pre-mRNA alternative splicing, and RNA m6A methylation. Additionally, H3K36me3 also contributes to DNA damage repair. Given the crucial function of H3K36me3 in genome regulation, the roles of H3K36me3 and its sole methyltransferase SETD2 in pathogenesis, especially malignancies, have been emphasized in many studies, and it is conceivable that disruption of histone methylation regulatory network composed of "writer", "eraser", "reader", and the mutation of H3K36me3 codes have the capacity of powerfully modulating cancer initiation and development. Here we review H3K36me3-mediated biological processes and summarize the latest findings regarding its role in cancers. We highlight the significance of epigenetic combination therapies in cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shuofeng Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shulman M, Shi R, Zhang Q. Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor pathways & corresponding therapeutics in kidney cancer. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:552-559. [PMID: 34376376 PMCID: PMC8453047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The identification and application of the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene is a seminal breakthrough in kidney cancer research. VHL and its protein pVHL are the root cause of most kidney cancers, and the cascading pathway below them is crucial for understanding hypoxia, in addition to the aforementioned tumorigenesis routes and treatments. We reviewed the history and functions of VHL/pVHL and Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), their well-known activities under low-oxygen environments as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and as a transcription factor, respectively, as well as their non-canonical functions revealed recently. Additionally, we discussed how their dysregulation promotes tumorigenesis: beginning with chromosome 3 p-arm (3p) loss/epigenetic methylation, followed by two-allele knockout, before the loss of complimentary tumor suppressor genes leads cells down predictable oncological paths. These different pathways can ultimately determine the grade, outcome, and severity of the deadliest genitourinary cancer. We finished by investigating current and proposed schemes to therapeutically treat clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) by manipulating the hypoxic pathway utilizing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitors, small molecule HIF inhibitors, immune checkpoint blockade therapy, and synthetic lethality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Shulman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rachel Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang C, Pang J, Xu J, Pan H, Li Y, Zhang H, Liu H, Xiao SY. LRRK2 is a candidate prognostic biomarker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:343. [PMID: 34217264 PMCID: PMC8254929 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), derived from renal tubular epithelial cells, is the most common malignant tumor of the kidney. The study of key genes related to the pathogenesis of ccRCC has become important for gene target therapy. Methods Bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, USUC Xena database, cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics, and MethSurv were performed to examine the aberrant genetic pattern and prognostic significance of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) expression and its relationship to clinical parameters. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to verify LRRK2 expression. The regulation of ccRCC tumor cell lines proliferation by LRRK2 was examined by CCK8 assay. Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that LRRK2 expression was up-regulated and largely correlated with DNA methylation in ccRCC. The up-regulation of LRRK2 was confirmed in ccRCC tissue immunohistochemically and by protein analysis. The level of expression was related to gender, pathological grade, stage, and metastatic status of ccRCC patients. Meanwhile, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that high expression of LRRK2 correlates to a better prognosis; knockdown of LRRK2 expression attenuated the proliferation ability of ccRCC tumor cell lines; protein–protein interaction network analysis showed that LRRK2 interacts with HIF1A and EGFR. Conclusion We found that LRRK2 may play an important role in the tumorigenesis and progression of ccRCC. Our findings provided a potential predictor and therapeutic target in ccRCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02047-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Pang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan, China
| | - He Pan
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueying Li
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Huainian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,Wuhan University Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cai L, Wu H, Zhou K. Improved cancer biomarkers identification using network-constrained infinite latent feature selection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246668. [PMID: 33571282 PMCID: PMC7877636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying biomarkers that are associated with different types of cancer is an important goal in the field of bioinformatics. Different researcher groups have analyzed the expression profiles of many genes and found some certain genetic patterns that can promote the improvement of targeted therapies, but the significance of some genes is still ambiguous. More reliable and effective biomarkers identification methods are then needed to detect candidate cancer-related genes. In this paper, we proposed a novel method that combines the infinite latent feature selection (ILFS) method with the functional interaction (FIs) network to rank the biomarkers. We applied the proposed method to the expression data of five cancer types. The experiments indicated that our network-constrained ILFS (NCILFS) provides an improved prediction of the diagnosis of the samples and locates many more known oncogenes than the original ILFS and some other existing methods. We also performed functional enrichment analysis by inspecting the over-represented gene ontology (GO) biological process (BP) terms and applying the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) method on selected biomarkers for each feature selection method. The enrichments analysis reports show that our network-constraint ILFS can produce more biologically significant gene sets than other methods. The results suggest that network-constrained ILFS can identify cancer-related genes with a higher discriminative power and biological significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Cai
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Computer Science & Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Honglong Wu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Computer Science & Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Shenzhen Genomics Institute, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Computer Science & Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Emerging Therapies for Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Kidney Cancer VHL 2020; 7:17-26. [PMID: 33364146 PMCID: PMC7738296 DOI: 10.15586/jkcvhl.2020.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple combinational regimens have recently been approved and are now considered the standard of care for patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Several additional combinational regimens are deep in clinical assessment and are likely to soon join the crowded front-line therapeutic landscape. Most of these regimens are combinations of agents already approved as single-agents in RCC including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and immune checkpoint inhibitors. While these new front-line regimens are associated with reliably high response rates and prolonged survival, complete and durable remissions remain limited to a small subset of patients and the vast majority of patients continue to require subsequent therapy. The need for the continued development of novel agents in RCC persists and efforts have focused on agents targeting the molecular biology of clear cell RCC and novel immunotherapies including cytokines. In this review, we discuss the progress in the development of these novel therapies in the context of the evolving standard of care for patients with advanced clear cell RCC.
Collapse
|
22
|
Construction of a Novel Multigene Panel Potently Predicting Poor Prognosis in Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113471. [PMID: 33266355 PMCID: PMC7700485 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the predominant cause of kidney cancer death attributed to its prevalence (70%) and its nature being the most aggressive form of kidney cancer. Most ccRCC deaths are resulted from metastasis. It is essential to know which ccRCCs are at risk of metastasis and the development to lethal disease; however, our capacity for such analysis remains poor. To improve this diagnostic capacity, we have examined a comprehensive ccRCC dataset containing 512 patients and have produced a 9-gene signature. This signature is novel; all its 9 components genes are unknown to be related to ccRCC. Importantly, all 9 individual genes possess significant ability in diagnosis of ccRCC metastasis and fatality; the combination of these genes or this signature predicts deadly ccRCCs at an impressive efficiency. This research will open new avenues in ccRCC research and will have a major impact in reducing ccRCC-associated deaths. Abstract We observed associations of IQGAP1 downregulation with poor overall survival (OS) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs, n = 611) were derived from ccRCCs with (n = 111) and without IQGAP1 (n = 397) reduction using the TCGA PanCancer Atlas ccRCC dataset. These DEGs exhibit downregulations of immune response and upregulations of DNA damage repair pathways. Through randomization of the TCGA dataset into a training and testing subpopulation, a 9-gene panel (SigIQGAP1NW) was derived; it predicts poor OS in training, testing, and the full population at a hazard ratio (HR) 2.718, p < 2 × 10−16, p = 1.08 × 10−5, and p < 2 × 10−16, respectively. SigIQGAP1NW independently associates with poor OS (HR 1.80, p = 2.85 × 10−6) after adjusting for a set of clinical features, and it discriminates ccRCC mortality at time-dependent AUC values of 70% at 13.8 months, 69%/31M, 69%/49M, and 75.3%/71M. All nine component genes of SigIQGAP1NW are novel to ccRCC. The inclusion of RECQL4 (a DNA helicase) in SigIQGAP1NW agrees with IQGAP1 DEGs enhancing DNA repair. THSD7A affects kidney function; its presence in SigIQGAP1NW is consistent with our observed THSD7A downregulation in ccRCC (n = 523) compared to non-tumor kidney tissues (n = 100). Collectively, we report a novel multigene panel that robustly predicts poor OS in ccRCC.
Collapse
|
23
|
Identification of anti-tumoral feedback loop between VHLα and hnRNPA2B1 in renal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:688. [PMID: 32826868 PMCID: PMC7443127 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study identified a novel VHLα isoform which negatively modulated hnRNPA2B1 expression and therefore influenced pyruvate kinase transcript splicing in renal cancer, while the regulation and initiation of alternative translation are largely unknown. Here we unraveled the CUG-mediated translation start of VHLα, which was subjected to the regulation by both eukaryotic initiator factor eIF2A and RNA helicase eIF4A. Unexpectedly, we found hnRNPA2B1 promoted VHLα alternative translation as well via direct interaction with its octadic pentamer region of VHL transcript. The N-terminal of VHLα was indispensable in mediating ubiquitination of hnRNPA2B1 at lysine residues 274 and 305. We further identified aberrant overexpression of c-myc as upstream oncogenic signaling to positively regulate hnRNPA2B1 transcription in renal cancer. Therefore, our data suggested an anti-tumoral feedback loop between VHLα and hnRNPA2B1.
Collapse
|
24
|
Hsieh JJ, Cheng EH. Exploiting the circuit breaker cancer evolution model in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cell Stress 2020; 4:191-198. [PMID: 32743344 PMCID: PMC7380452 DOI: 10.15698/cst2020.08.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incessant interactions between susceptible humans and their respective macro/microenvironments registered throughout their lifetime result in the ultimate manifestation of individual cancers. With the average lifespan exceeding 50 years of age in humans since the beginning of 20th century, aging - the "time" factor - has played an ever-increasing role alongside host and environmental factors in cancer incidences. Cancer is a genetic/epigenetic disease due to gain-of-function mutations in cancer-causing genes (oncogene; OG) and/or loss-of-function mutations in tumor-suppressing genes (tumor suppressor genes; TSG). In addition to their integral relationship with cancer, a timely deployment of specific OG and/or TSG is in fact needed for higher organisms like human to cope with respective physiological and pathological conditions. Over the past decade, extensive human kidney cancer genomics have been performed and novel mouse models recapitulating human kidney cancer pathobiology have been generated. With new genomic, genetic, mechanistic, clinical and therapeutic insights accumulated from studying clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)-the most common type of kidney cancer, we conceived a cancer evolution model built upon the OG-TSG signaling pair analogous to the electrical circuit breaker (CB) that permits necessary signaling output and at the same time prevent detrimental signaling overdrive. Hence, this viewpoint aims at providing a step-by-step mechanistic explanation/illustration concerning how inherent OG-TSG CBs intricately operate in concert for the organism's wellbeing; and how somatic mutations, the essential component for genetic adaptability, inadvertently triggers a sequential outage of specific sets of CBs that normally function to maintain and protect and individual tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Hsieh
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emily H. Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The study of cancer metabolism has evolved vastly beyond the remit of tumour proliferation and survival with the identification of the role of 'oncometabolites' in tumorigenesis. Simply defined, oncometabolites are conventional metabolites that, when aberrantly accumulated, have pro-oncogenic functions. Their discovery has led researchers to revisit the Warburg hypothesis, first postulated in the 1950s, of aberrant metabolism as an aetiological determinant of cancer. As such, the identification of oncometabolites and their utilization in diagnostics and prognostics, as novel therapeutic targets and as biomarkers of disease, are areas of considerable interest in oncology. To date, fumarate, succinate, L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2-HG) and D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) have been characterized as bona fide oncometabolites. Extensive metabolic reprogramming occurs during tumour initiation and progression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and three oncometabolites - fumarate, succinate and L-2-HG - have been implicated in this disease process. All of these oncometabolites inhibit a superfamily of enzymes known as α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, leading to epigenetic dysregulation and induction of pseudohypoxic phenotypes, and also have specific pro-oncogenic capabilities. Oncometabolites could potentially be exploited for the development of novel targeted therapies and as biomarkers of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cissy Yong
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grant D Stewart
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Smith PS, Whitworth J, West H, Cook J, Gardiner C, Lim DHK, Morrison PJ, Hislop RG, Murray E, Tischkowitz M, Warren AY, Woodward ER, Maher ER. Characterization of renal cell carcinoma-associated constitutional chromosome abnormalities by genome sequencing. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 59:333-347. [PMID: 31943436 PMCID: PMC7187337 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutional translocations, typically involving chromosome 3, have been recognized as a rare cause of inherited predisposition to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) for four decades. However, knowledge of the molecular basis of this association is limited. We have characterized the breakpoints by genome sequencing (GS) of constitutional chromosome abnormalities in five individuals who presented with RCC. In one individual with constitutional t(10;17)(q11.21;p11.2), the translocation breakpoint disrupted two genes: the known renal tumor suppressor gene (TSG) FLCN (and clinical features of Birt‐Hogg‐Dubé syndrome were detected) and RASGEF1A. In four cases, the rearrangement breakpoints did not disrupt known inherited RCC genes. In the second case without chromosome 3 involvement, the translocation breakpoint in an individual with a constitutional t(2;17)(q21.1;q11.2) mapped 12 Kb upstream of NLK. Interestingly, NLK has been reported to interact indirectly with FBXW7 and a previously reported RCC‐associated translocation breakpoint disrupted FBXW7. In two cases of constitutional chromosome 3 translocations, no candidate TSGs were identified in the vicinity of the breakpoints. However, in an individual with a constitutional chromosome 3 inversion, the 3p breakpoint disrupted the FHIT TSG (which has been reported previously to be disrupted in two apparently unrelated families with an RCC‐associated t(3;8)(p14.2;q24.1). These findings (a) expand the range of constitutional chromosome rearrangements that may be associated with predisposition to RCC, (b) confirm that chromosome rearrangements not involving chromosome 3 can predispose to RCC, (c) suggest that a variety of molecular mechanisms are involved the pathogenesis of translocation‐associated RCC, and (d) demonstrate the utility of GS for investigating such cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip S Smith
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Whitworth
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannah West
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacqueline Cook
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Carol Gardiner
- West of Scotland Genetics Services, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Derek H K Lim
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Patrick J Morrison
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - R Gordon Hislop
- East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Emily Murray
- East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | -
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma R Woodward
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine and NW Laboratory Genetics Hub, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The discovery of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene marked a milestone in our understanding of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) pathogenesis. VHL inactivation is not only a defining feature of ccRCC, but also the initiating event. Herein, we discuss canonical and noncanonical pVHL functions, as well as breakthroughs shaping our understanding of ccRCC evolution and evolutionary subtypes. We conclude by presenting evolving strategies to therapeutically exploit effector mechanisms downstream of pVHL.
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
In this review, we discuss the key molecular and clinical developments in VHL disease that have the potential to impact on the natural history of the disease and improve patient outcomes.
Recent Findings
Identifiable mutations in VHL underlie most cases of VHL and define clear genotype-phenotype correlations. Detailed clinical and molecular characterisation has allowed the implementation of lifelong screening programmes that have improved clinical outcomes. Functional characterisation of the VHL protein complex has revealed its role in oxygen sensing and the mechanisms of tumourigenesis that are now being exploited to develop novel therapies for VHL and renal cancer.
Summary
The molecular and cellular landscape of VHL-associated tumours is revealing new opportunities to modify the natural history of the disease and develop therapies. Drugs are now entering clinical trials and combined with improved clinical and molecular diagnosis, and lifelong surveillance programmes, further progress towards reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with VHL disease is anticipated.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ricketts CJ, Linehan WM. The origin, evolution and route to metastasis of clear cell RCC. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 14:538-540. [PMID: 29875480 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-018-0031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Ricketts
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The Cancer Genome Atlas of renal cell carcinoma: findings and clinical implications. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 16:539-552. [DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
31
|
Huang CY, Hsueh YM, Chen LC, Cheng WC, Yu CC, Chen WJ, Lu TL, Lan KJ, Lee CH, Huang SP, Bao BY. Clinical significance of glutamate metabotropic receptors in renal cell carcinoma risk and survival. Cancer Med 2018; 7:6104-6111. [PMID: 30488581 PMCID: PMC6308098 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests the roles of glutamate metabotropic receptors (GRMs) in cancer, in addition to synaptic signalling. The present study assessed the associations of genetic variants in eight GRM genes with regard to risk and overall survival (OS) in 780 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients and controls. After adjustment for known risk factors, GRM5 rs7102764 T was associated with an increased risk of RCC (P = 0.006). Additional analysis has provided evidence that rs7102764 T was correlated with a higher expression of GRM5, which is consistently found to be upregulated in tumours, compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, the GRM3 rs701332 C, GRM4 rs2499707 T, and GRM4 rs4713742 T alleles were significantly associated with a poorer OS (P ≤ 0.030). The three loci were also observed to have strong cumulative effects on OS. Additional analysis has revealed a significant genotype‐expression correlation of rs2499707 T with increased GRM4 expression, which in turn leads to poorer OS in patients with RCC. GRMs might be involved in RCC development and progression, and genetic variants in GRMs might be promising biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Hsueh
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Chyang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwa
| | - Chia-Cheng Yu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Ling Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Jin Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsueh Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pin Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Ying Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hsieh JJ, Le VH, Oyama T, Ricketts CJ, Ho TH, Cheng EH. Chromosome 3p Loss-Orchestrated VHL, HIF, and Epigenetic Deregulation in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:JCO2018792549. [PMID: 30372397 PMCID: PMC6299341 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.79.2549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common renal cell carcinoma subtype, and metastatic ccRCC is associated with 5-year survival rates of 10% to 20%. Genetically, ccRCC originates from sequential losses of multiple tumor suppressor genes. Remarkably, chromosome 3p loss occurs in more than 90% of sporadic ccRCCs. This results in concurrent one-copy loss of four tumor suppressor genes that are also mutated individually at high frequency in ccRCC (ie, VHL, 80%; PBRM1, 29% to 46%; BAP1, 6% to 19%; and SETD2, 8% to 30%). Pathogenically, 3p loss probably represents the first genetic event that occurs in sporadic ccRCC and the second genetic event in VHL-mutated hereditary ccRCC. VHL constitutes the substrate recognition module of the VCB-Cul2 E3 ligase that degrades HIF1/2α, whereas PBRM1, BAP1, and SETD2 are epigenetic modulators that regulate gene transcription. Because 3p loss and VHL inactivation are nearly universal truncal events in ccRCC, the resulting HIF1/2 signaling overdrive and accompanied tumor hypervascularization probably underlie the therapeutic benefits observed with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors, including sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib, axitinib, bevacizumab, cabozantinib, and lenvatinib. Furthermore, recent marked advances in ccRCC genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, molecular mechanisms, mouse models, prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and clinical trials have rendered invaluable translational insights concerning precision kidney cancer therapeutics. With an armamentarium encompassing 13 drugs that exploit seven unique therapeutic mechanisms (ie, cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, mTORC1, cMET/AXL, fibroblast growth factor receptor, programmed cell death-1 and programmed death-ligand 1, and cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte associated-4) to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma, one of the imminent clinical questions concerning care of patients with metastatic ccRCC is how a personalized treatment strategy, through rationally combining and sequencing different therapeutic modalities, can be formulated to offer the best clinical outcome for individual patients. Here, we attempt to integrate recent discoveries of immediate translational impacts and discuss future translational challenges and opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Hsieh
- James J. Hsieh, Valerie H. Le, and Toshinao Oyama, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Christopher J. Ricketts, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA; Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; and Emily H. Cheng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Valerie H. Le
- James J. Hsieh, Valerie H. Le, and Toshinao Oyama, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Christopher J. Ricketts, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA; Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; and Emily H. Cheng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Toshinao Oyama
- James J. Hsieh, Valerie H. Le, and Toshinao Oyama, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Christopher J. Ricketts, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA; Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; and Emily H. Cheng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Christopher J. Ricketts
- James J. Hsieh, Valerie H. Le, and Toshinao Oyama, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Christopher J. Ricketts, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA; Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; and Emily H. Cheng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Thai Huu Ho
- James J. Hsieh, Valerie H. Le, and Toshinao Oyama, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Christopher J. Ricketts, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA; Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; and Emily H. Cheng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Emily H. Cheng
- James J. Hsieh, Valerie H. Le, and Toshinao Oyama, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Christopher J. Ricketts, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA; Thai Huu Ho, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; and Emily H. Cheng, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang W, Wu M, Chong QY, Zhang M, Zhang X, Hu L, Zhong Y, Qian P, Kong X, Tan S, Li G, Ding K, Lobie PE, Zhu T. Loss of Estrogen-Regulated MIR135A1 at 3p21.1 Promotes Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4915-4928. [PMID: 29945962 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of miRNAs has been increasingly recognized as a critical mediator of cancer development and progression. Here, we show that frequent deletion of the MIR135A1 locus is associated with poor prognosis in primary breast cancer. Forced expression of miR-135a decreased breast cancer progression, while inhibition of miR-135a with a specific miRNA sponge elicited opposing effects, suggestive of a tumor suppressive role of miR-135a in breast cancer. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) bound the promoter of MIR135A1 for its transcriptional activation, whereas tamoxifen treatment inhibited expression of miR-135a in ERα+ breast cancer cells. miR-135a directly targeted ESR1, ESRRA, and NCOA1, forming a negative feedback loop to inhibit ERα signaling. This regulatory feedback between miR-135a and ERα demonstrated that miR-135a regulated the response to tamoxifen. The tamoxifen-mediated decrease in miR-135a expression increased the expression of miR-135a targets to reduce tamoxifen sensitivity. Consistently, miR-135a expression was downregulated in ERα+ breast cancer cells with acquired tamoxifen resistance, while forced expression of miR-135a partially resensitized these cells to tamoxifen. Tamoxifen resistance mediated by the loss of miR-135a was shown to be partially dependent on the activation of the ERK1/2 and AKT pathways by miR-135a-targeted genes. Taken together, these results indicate that deletion of the MIR135A1 locus and decreased miR-135a expression promote ERα+ breast cancer progression and tamoxifen resistance.Significance: Loss of miR-135a in breast cancer disrupts an estrogen receptor-induced negative feedback loop, perpetuating disease progression and resistance to therapy.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/17/4915/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(17); 4915-28. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingming Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qing-Yun Chong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lan Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yanghao Zhong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangjun Kong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sheng Tan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gaopeng Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Keshuo Ding
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kim HS, Kim JH, Jang HJ, Han B, Zang DY. Clinicopathologic Significance of VHL Gene Alteration in Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092529. [PMID: 30149673 PMCID: PMC6165550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene is inactivated frequently in sporadic clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) by genetic alteration (mutation, loss of heterozygosity, or promoter hypermethylation). However, the pathological or prognostic significance of VHL gene alteration has not been well defined. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the association between VHL alteration and clinopathologic findings in ccRCCs. We performed a systematic computerized search of online databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (up to July 2018). From ten studies, 1,082 patients were included in the pooled analyses of odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pathological features (nuclear grade and disease stage) or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs for overall survival (OS). VHL alteration was not significantly associated with nuclear grade (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.59–1.06, p = 0.12) or disease stage (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.79–1.46, p = 0.65). There was also no significant correlation between VHL alteration and OS (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.43–1.29, p = 0.30). When we pooled HRs for OS according to the VHL alteration types, the combined HRs were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.47–1.11, p = 0.14) for VHL mutations and 1.32 (95% CI: 0.70–2.47, p = 0.39) for methylation. In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates that VHL gene alteration is not significantly associated with the pathological features and survival in patients with ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea.
| | - Jung Han Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea.
| | - Hyun Joo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea.
| | - Boram Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea.
| | - Dae Young Zang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chan JK, Brady W, Monk BJ, Brown J, Shahin MS, Rose PG, Kim JH, Secord AA, Walker JL, Gershenson DM. A phase II evaluation of sunitinib in the treatment of persistent or recurrent clear cell ovarian carcinoma: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group Study (GOG-254). Gynecol Oncol 2018; 150:247-252. [PMID: 29921512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy and tolerability of sunitinib in recurrent or persistent clear cell ovarian cancer patients. METHODS All patients had one or two prior regimens with measurable disease. Tumors were at least 50% clear cell histomorphology and negative for WT-1 antigen and estrogen receptor expression by immunohistochemistry. Sunitinib 50 mg per day for 4 weeks was administered in repeated 6-week cycles until disease progression or prohibitive toxicity. Primary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months and clinical response. The study was designed to determine if the drug had a response rate of at least 20% or 6-month PFS of at least 25%. RESULTS Of 35 patients enrolled, 30 were treated and eligible (median age: 51, range: 27-73). Twenty-five (83%) were White, 4 (13%) Asian, and 1 (3%) unknown. The majority 28 (83%) patients, underwent ≤3 but 2 (7%) had 16 courses of study therapy. Five (16.7%) patients had PFS ≥6 months (90% CI: 6.8%-31.9%). Two (6.7%) patients had a partial or complete response (90% CI: 1.2%-19.5%). The median PFS was 2.7 months. The median overall survival was 12.8 months. The most common grade 3 adverse events were fatigue (4), hypertension (4), neutropenia (4), anemia (3), abdominal pain (3), and leukopenia (3). Grade 4-5 adverse events included: thrombocytopenia (5), anemia (2), acute kidney Injury (1), stroke (1), and allergic reaction (1). CONCLUSION Sunitinib demonstrated minimal activity in the second- and third-line treatment of persistent or recurrent clear cell ovarian carcinoma. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00979992.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John K Chan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, California Pacific-Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Sutter Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94115, United States.
| | - William Brady
- NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group Statistics & Data Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States.
| | - Bradley J Monk
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Arizona Oncology (US Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine at St. Joseph's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, United States.
| | - Jubilee Brown
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, United States.
| | - Mark S Shahin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Abington Hospital-Jefferson Health, Abington, PA 19001, United States.
| | - Peter G Rose
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Gangann Severence Hospital, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea.
| | - Angeles Alvarez Secord
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| | - Joan L Walker
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oklahoma University, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States.
| | - David M Gershenson
- Department of GYN/ONC, Unit 1362, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mitchell TJ, Turajlic S, Rowan A, Nicol D, Farmery JHR, O'Brien T, Martincorena I, Tarpey P, Angelopoulos N, Yates LR, Butler AP, Raine K, Stewart GD, Challacombe B, Fernando A, Lopez JI, Hazell S, Chandra A, Chowdhury S, Rudman S, Soultati A, Stamp G, Fotiadis N, Pickering L, Au L, Spain L, Lynch J, Stares M, Teague J, Maura F, Wedge DC, Horswell S, Chambers T, Litchfield K, Xu H, Stewart A, Elaidi R, Oudard S, McGranahan N, Csabai I, Gore M, Futreal PA, Larkin J, Lynch AG, Szallasi Z, Swanton C, Campbell PJ. Timing the Landmark Events in the Evolution of Clear Cell Renal Cell Cancer: TRACERx Renal. Cell 2018; 173:611-623.e17. [PMID: 29656891 PMCID: PMC5927631 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by near-universal loss of the short arm of chromosome 3, deleting several tumor suppressor genes. We analyzed whole genomes from 95 biopsies across 33 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. We find hotspots of point mutations in the 5' UTR of TERT, targeting a MYC-MAX-MAD1 repressor associated with telomere lengthening. The most common structural abnormality generates simultaneous 3p loss and 5q gain (36% patients), typically through chromothripsis. This event occurs in childhood or adolescence, generally as the initiating event that precedes emergence of the tumor's most recent common ancestor by years to decades. Similar genomic changes drive inherited ccRCC. Modeling differences in age incidence between inherited and sporadic cancers suggests that the number of cells with 3p loss capable of initiating sporadic tumors is no more than a few hundred. Early development of ccRCC follows well-defined evolutionary trajectories, offering opportunity for early intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mitchell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Samra Turajlic
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK; Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Andrew Rowan
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - David Nicol
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - James H R Farmery
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Tim O'Brien
- Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Inigo Martincorena
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Patrick Tarpey
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nicos Angelopoulos
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Lucy R Yates
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Adam P Butler
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Keiran Raine
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Grant D Stewart
- Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ben Challacombe
- Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Archana Fernando
- Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jose I Lopez
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Institute, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Steve Hazell
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ashish Chandra
- Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Simon Chowdhury
- Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sarah Rudman
- Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Aspasia Soultati
- Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Gordon Stamp
- Experimental Histopathology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicos Fotiadis
- Interventional Radiology Department, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Lisa Pickering
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Lewis Au
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Lavinia Spain
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Joanna Lynch
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Mark Stares
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Jon Teague
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Francesco Maura
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - David C Wedge
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Stuart Horswell
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics STP, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Tim Chambers
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Kevin Litchfield
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hang Xu
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Aengus Stewart
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics STP, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Reza Elaidi
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou 20, rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Oudard
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou 20, rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris, France
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Istvan Csabai
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin Gore
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genomic Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James Larkin
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Andy G Lynch
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Zoltan Szallasi
- Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (CHIP@HST), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Swanton
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, 235 Euston Rd, Fitzrovia, London NW1 2BU, UK.
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
We review and discuss data on the genetic alterations documented in human breast carcinomas at the molecular level. These alterations may result in: 1) deletion of genetic material (chromosome 11p, 13q, 3p, 1q, 17p); 2) amplification of genes or entire chromosomal segments (c-myc, c-erb-B2, locus DF3/PUM, loci on 11q13); 3) rearrangements (c-myc); 4) point mutations (c-ras). Presently available informations do not allow the development of cohesive pathogenetic models but indicate that the molecular basis of human breast cancer is heterogeneous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Mariani-Costantini
- Istituto di Patologia Umana e Medicina Sociale, Università G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Koumarianou AA, Vernon CC. Second Primary Renal Cell Carcinomas following Solid Tumors. Four Case Reports and Review of the Literature. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 84:600-2. [PMID: 9862524 DOI: 10.1177/030089169808400517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report multiple malignancies in four patients with metachronous renal adenocarcinomas. The group of patients includes two women treated for primary breast and ovarian cancer and two men with prostate and colon cancer respectively. The occurrence of renal cancer following these primary solid tumors was not associated with previous treatments. The authors review the literature and discuss pathogenic mechanisms underlying renal cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Koumarianou
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammermith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wu P, Liu JL, Pei SM, Wu CP, Yang K, Wang SP, Wu S. Integrated genomic analysis identifies clinically relevant subtypes of renal clear cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29534679 PMCID: PMC5851245 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) account for over 80% of renal malignancies. The most common type of RCC can be classified into three subtypes including clear cell, papillary and chromophobe. ccRCC (the Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma) is the most frequent form and shows variations in genetics and behavior. To improve accuracy and personalized care and increase the cure rate of cancer, molecular typing for individuals is necessary. Methods We adopted the genome, transcriptome and methylation HMK450 data of ccRCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas Network in this research. Consensus Clustering algorithm was used to cluster the expression data and three subtypes were found. To further validate our results, we analyzed an independent data set and arrived at a consistent conclusion. Next, we characterized the subtype by unifying genomic and clinical dimensions of ccRCC molecular stratification. We also implemented GSEA between the malignant subtype and the other subtypes to explore latent pathway varieties and WGCNA to discover intratumoral gene interaction network. Moreover, the epigenetic state changes between subgroups on methylation data are discovered and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to delve the relation between specific genes and prognosis. Results We found a subtype of poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, which is abnormally upregulated in focal adhesions and cytoskeleton related pathways, and the expression of core genes in the pathways are negatively correlated with patient outcomes. Conclusions Our work of classification schema could provide an applicable framework of molecular typing to ccRCC patients which has implications to influence treatment decisions, judge biological mechanisms involved in ccRCC tumor progression, and potential future drug discovery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4176-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Department of Urological Surgery, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Shenzhen Second People'Hospital, 1st affiliated hospital of ShenZhen University, Shenzhen, 518037, China
| | - Shi-Mei Pei
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, 518000, China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Chang-Peng Wu
- Shenzhen Second People'Hospital, 1st affiliated hospital of ShenZhen University, Shenzhen, 518037, China
| | - Kai Yang
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Department of Urological Surgery, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Shu-Peng Wang
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Department of Urological Surgery, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Song Wu
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Department of Urological Surgery, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China. .,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Institute, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Högner A, Krause H, Jandrig B, Kasim M, Fuller TF, Schostak M, Erbersdobler A, Patzak A, Kilic E. PBRM1 and VHL expression correlate in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma with differential association with patient’s overall survival. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:94.e1-94.e14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
41
|
Lichawska-Cieslar A, Pietrzycka R, Ligeza J, Kulecka M, Paziewska A, Kalita A, Dolicka DD, Wilamowski M, Miekus K, Ostrowski J, Mikula M, Jura J. RNA sequencing reveals widespread transcriptome changes in a renal carcinoma cell line. Oncotarget 2018; 9:8597-8613. [PMID: 29492220 PMCID: PMC5823589 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We used RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology to investigate changes in the transcriptome profile in the Caki-1 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells, which overexpress monocyte chemoattractant protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1). RNA-Seq data showed changes in 11.6% and 41.8% of the global transcriptome of Caki-1 cells overexpressing wild-type MCPIP1 or its D141N mutant, respectively. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway functional analyses showed that these transcripts encoded proteins involved in cell cycle progression, protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, hypoxia response and cell signalling. We identified 219 downregulated transcripts in MCPIP1-expressing cells that were either unchanged or upregulated in D141N-expressing cells. We validated downregulation of 15 transcripts belonging to different functional pathways by qRT-PCR. The growth and viability of MCPIP1-expressing cells was reduced because of elevated p21Cip1 levels. MCPIP1-expressing cells also showed reduced levels of DDB1 transcript that encodes component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase that degrades p21Cip1. These results demonstrate that MCPIP1 influences the growth and viability of ccRCC cells by increasing or decreasing the transcript levels for proteins involved in cell cycle progression, protein folding, hypoxia response, and cell signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Lichawska-Cieslar
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Roza Pietrzycka
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janusz Ligeza
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Kalita
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dobrochna D. Dolicka
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wilamowski
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miekus
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jura
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Espana-Agusti J, Warren A, Chew SK, Adams DJ, Matakidou A. Loss of PBRM1 rescues VHL dependent replication stress to promote renal carcinogenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2026. [PMID: 29229903 PMCID: PMC5725450 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the VHL (Von Hippel Lindau) tumour suppressor has long been recognised as necessary for the pathogenesis of clear cell renal cancer (ccRCC); however, the molecular mechanisms underlying transformation and the requirement for additional genetic hits remain unclear. Here, we show that loss of VHL alone results in DNA replication stress and damage accumulation, effects that constrain cellular growth and transformation. By contrast, concomitant loss of the chromatin remodelling factor PBRM1 (mutated in 40% of ccRCC) rescues VHL-induced replication stress, maintaining cellular fitness and allowing proliferation. In line with these data we demonstrate that combined deletion of Vhl and Pbrm1 in the mouse kidney is sufficient for the development of fully-penetrant, multifocal carcinomas, closely mimicking human ccRCC. Our results illustrate how VHL and PBRM1 co-operate to drive renal transformation and uncover replication stress as an underlying vulnerability of all VHL mutated renal cancers that could be therapeutically exploited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Espana-Agusti
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, CRUK Cambridge institute, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.,MedImmune, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Anne Warren
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Su Kit Chew
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.,Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Athena Matakidou
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, CRUK Cambridge institute, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK. .,Centre for Genomics Research, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Melbourn, SG8 6HB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rupp NJ, Montironi R, Mischo A, Moch H. Clinical Trials for Specific Renal Cancer Subtypes—The Time Will Come! ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eursup.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
44
|
Parikh M, Lara PN. Modern Systemic Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma of the Clear Cell Type. Annu Rev Med 2017; 69:209-221. [PMID: 29144835 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-041916-124132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the last 30 years, there have been many advances in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma of the clear cell type. Renal cell carcinoma has long been understood to have a component of immune mediation and has been responsive to immune-based therapies; in addition to early cytokine therapy, newer checkpoint inhibition therapies have also demonstrated activity. Molecular characterization of the genome of clear cell renal cell carcinoma enabled identification of the roles of angiogenesis and hypoxic stress. This led to development of small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin that have provided additional benefit to patients. Ongoing strategies of combinations of immune and antiangiogenic therapies may lead to further advancements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Parikh
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California 95819; ,
| | - Primo N Lara
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California 95819; ,
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Background Renal cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies and over 90% of primary renal tumors. Recurrence rates for patients with locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (LARCC) remain high. Methods The authors review literature regarding prognostic factors, potential biomarkers, surgical strategies, and adjuvant therapy trials for patients with LARCC. Results Molecular tumor markers may improve existing staging systems for predicting prognosis. Surgery is the best initial treatment for most patients with clinically localized renal tumors, although complete surgical resection can be challenging for patients with large tumors, bulky regional lymph node involvement, or inferior vena cava tumor thrombus. Significant recurrence rates for patients with LARCC undergoing nephrectomy indicate the presence of undetected micrometastases at the time of surgery. Adjuvant radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy have been ineffective. Other trials of adjuvant therapy are ongoing. Conclusions Aggressive surgical resection alone for LARCC is not sufficient to prevent disease recurrence in a significant number of patients. Adjuvant therapies are needed to improve cancer-specific survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Rodriguez
- Genitourinary Oncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Molparia B, Nichani E, Torkamani A. Assessment of circulating copy number variant detection for cancer screening. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180647. [PMID: 28686671 PMCID: PMC5501586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current high-sensitivity cancer screening methods, largely utilizing correlative biomarkers, suffer from false positive rates that lead to unnecessary medical procedures and debatable public health benefit overall. Detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), a causal biomarker, has the potential to revolutionize cancer screening. Thus far, the majority of ctDNA studies have focused on detection of tumor-specific point mutations after cancer diagnosis for the purpose of post-treatment surveillance. However, ctDNA point mutation detection methods developed to date likely lack either the scope or analytical sensitivity necessary to be useful for cancer screening, due to the low (<1%) ctDNA fraction derived from early stage tumors. On the other hand, tumor-derived copy number variant (CNV) detection is hypothetically a superior means of ctDNA-based cancer screening for many tumor types, given that, relative to point mutations, each individual tumor CNV contributes a much larger number of ctDNA fragments to the overall pool of circulating free DNA (cfDNA). A small number of studies have demonstrated the potential of ctDNA CNV-based screening in select cancer types. Here we perform an in silico assessment of the potential for ctDNA CNV-based cancer screening across many common cancers, and suggest ctDNA CNV detection shows promise as a broad cancer screening methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvan Molparia
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- The Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Eshaan Nichani
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Ali Torkamani
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- The Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- The Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fahey CC, Davis IJ. SETting the Stage for Cancer Development: SETD2 and the Consequences of Lost Methylation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:a026468. [PMID: 28159833 PMCID: PMC5411680 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The H3 lysine 36 histone methyltransferase SETD2 is mutated across a range of human cancers. Although other enzymes can mediate mono- and dimethylation, SETD2 is the exclusive trimethylase. SETD2 associates with the phosphorylated carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase and modifies histones at actively transcribed genes. The functions associated with SETD2 are mediated through multiple effector proteins that bind trimethylated H3K36. These effectors directly mediate multiple chromatin-regulated processes, including RNA splicing, DNA damage repair, and DNA methylation. Although alterations in each of these processes have been associated with SETD2 loss, the relative role of each in the development of cancer is not fully understood. Critical vulnerabilities resulting from SETD2 loss may offer a strategy for potential therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Fahey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7295
| | - Ian J Davis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7295
- Departments of Genetics and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7295
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Excess of a Rassf1-targeting microRNA, miR-193a-3p, perturbs cell division fidelity. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:1451-1461. [PMID: 28449010 PMCID: PMC5520089 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Several microRNA (miRNA) molecules have emerged as important post-transcriptional regulators of tumour suppressor and oncogene expression. Ras association domain family member 1 (RASSF1) is a critical tumour suppressor that controls multiple aspects of cell proliferation such as cell cycle, cell division and apoptosis. The expression of RASSF1 is lost in a variety of cancers due to the promoter hypermethylation. Methods: miR-193a-3p was identified as a RASSF1-targeting miRNA by a dual screening approach. In cultured human cancer cells, immunoblotting, qRT–PCR, luciferase reporter assays, time-lapse microscopy and immunofluorescence methods were used to study the effects of excess miR-193a-3p on RASSF1 expression and cell division. Results: Here, we report a new miRNA-mediated mechanism that regulates RASSF1 expression: miR-193a-3p binds directly to RASSF1-3′UTR and represses the mRNA and protein expression. In human cancer cells, excess of miR-193a-3p causes polyploidy through impairment of the Rassf1-Syntaxin 16 signalling pathway that is needed for completion of cytokinesis. In the next cell cycle the miR-193a-3p-overexpressing cells exhibit multipolar mitotic spindles, mitotic delay and elevated frequency of cell death. Conclusions: Our results suggest that besides epigenetic regulation, altered expression of specific miRNAs may contribute to the loss of Rassf1 in cancer cells and cause cell division errors.
Collapse
|
49
|
MCPIP1 contributes to clear cell renal cell carcinomas development. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:325-340. [PMID: 28197812 PMCID: PMC5511613 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte Chemoattractant protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1), also known as Regnase-1, is encoded by the ZC3H12a gene, and it mediates inflammatory processes by regulating the stability of transcripts coding for proinflammatory cytokines and controlling activity of transcription factors, such as NF-κB and AP1. We found that MCPIP1 transcript and protein levels are strongly downregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) samples, which were derived from patients surgically treated for renal cancer compared to surrounded normal tissues. Using Caki-1 cells as a model, we analyzed the role of MCPIP1 in cancer development. We showed that MCPIP1 expression depends on the proteasome activity; however, hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor 2 alfa (HIF2α) are key factors lowering MCPIP1 expression. Furthermore, we found that MCPIP1 negatively regulates HIF1α and HIF2α levels and in the case of the last one, the mechanism is based on the regulation of the half time of transcript coding for HIF2α. Enhanced expression of MCPIP1 in Caki-1 cells results in a downregulation of transcripts encoding VEGFA, GLUT1, and IL-6. Furthermore, MCPIP1 decreases the activity of mTOR and protein kinase B (Akt) in normoxic conditions. Taken together, MCPIP1 contributes to the ccRCC development.
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors is providing significant benefit to patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), both in overall survival and tolerability of treatment. Given the recent approval of the first checkpoint inhibitor in RCC, this review discusses the background and clinical data for checkpoint inhibition in RCC. Areas covered: This review introduces and discusses the basic biologic mechanisms of checkpoint inhibitor function and focuses on the current evidence in clinical trials for the use of immunotherapy in RCC. Expert commentary: Immunotherapy has been a mainstay of therapy in RCC, but the recent approval of nivolumab with ORR of 25% and durable responses has provided a transformative new therapeutic option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Beckermann
- a Department of Medicine , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- a Department of Medicine , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Jeffrey A Sosman
- b Department of Medicine , Northwestern University Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
| |
Collapse
|