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Li Q, Gong D, Chen Z, Li J, Wu G, Deng S, Wang H, He L, Wang B. Origins of formaldehyde in a mountainous background atmosphere of southern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172707. [PMID: 38657816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is one of the key indicators of severe photochemical pollution and strong atmospheric oxidation capacity in southern China. However, current information on the origins of regional HCHO and the impacts of polluted air masses remains scarce and unclear. In this study, an intensive observation of HCHO was conducted at a mountainous background site in southern China during typical photochemical pollution episodes. The concentrations of HCHO reached up to 6.14 ppbv and averaged at 2.68 ± 1.11 ppbv. Source appointment using a photochemical age-based parameterization method revealed significant contributions of secondary formation (50 %) and biomass burning (42 %). Meanwhile, under the influence of the East Asian Winter Monsoon, polluted air masses from central and western China can significantly increase the regional HCHO levels. The simulation results adopting the Rapid Adaptive Optimization Model for Atmospheric Chemistry model further demonstrated that the intrusion of active anthropogenic pollutants (e.g., small-molecule alkenes) can accelerate the net production rate of HCHO, particularly through BVOC-oxidation pathways. This study suggests a potential enhanced mechanism of HCHO production resulting from anthropogenic-biogenic interactions. It highlights that polluted air masses carrying abundant HCHO from upwind areas may facilitate severe photochemical pollution in the Greater Bay Area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Li
- College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Environment and Carbon Neutrality in Nanling Forests, China
| | - Daocheng Gong
- College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Environment and Carbon Neutrality in Nanling Forests, China
| | - Zijian Chen
- College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jiangyong Li
- College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Gengchen Wu
- College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Shuo Deng
- College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Environment and Carbon Neutrality in Nanling Forests, China.
| | - Lingyan He
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Boguang Wang
- College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Environment and Carbon Neutrality in Nanling Forests, China.
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2
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Chen J, Chen W, Zhang J, Zhao H, Cui J, Wu J, Shi A. Dual effects of endogenous formaldehyde on the organism and drugs for its removal. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:798-817. [PMID: 37766419 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous formaldehyde (FA) is produced in the human body via various mechanisms to preserve healthy energy metabolism and safeguard the organism. However, endogenous FA can have several negative effects on the body through epigenetic alterations, including cancer growth promotion; neuronal, hippocampal and endothelial damages; atherosclerosis acceleration; haemopoietic stem cell destruction and haemopoietic cell production reduction. Certain medications with antioxidant effects, such as glutathione, vitamin E, resveratrol, alpha lipoic acid and polyphenols, lessen the detrimental effects of endogenous FA by reducing oxidative stress, directly scavenging endogenous FA or promoting its degradation. This study offers fresh perspectives for managing illnesses associated with endogenous FA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jinjia Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ji Cui
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Junzi Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Department of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Anhua Shi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Department of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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3
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Taguchi S, Hagiwara M, Shibata A, Fujinari H, Matsumoto S, Kuwata M, Sazawa K, Hata N, Kuramitz H. Investigation and modeling of diurnal variation in suburban ambient formaldehyde concentration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:13425-13438. [PMID: 33179191 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a naturally occurring compound found in ambient air which can induce cancer and sick-building syndrome. It plays an important role in the formation of OH radicals, which are connected to the formation of various airborne chemicals. Herein, we present a simple modeling for the simulation of diurnal variations in the HCHO concentration of ambient air. This was achieved using data collected during different seasons from November 2015 to March 2017 at a suburban location in Toyama City (Japan), where non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) levels were low at sub carbon ppm (ppmC) order. The modeling was based on the assumption that photochemical reactions of methane were the major factor of secondary HCHO formation. The model took into account the production and decomposition of HCHO by photochemical reactions as well as its loss due to other reactions such as dry deposition. Accordingly, the model's equation contained terms for solar radiation, temperature, and methane concentration. The results predicted using the model showed good agreement with the experimental data observed on fine days, i.e., except rainy, foggy, and heavily cloudy days. The relationships between HCHO concentration and solar radiation/temperature on different days as well as the seasonal variation of HCHO concentration were also interpreted by the proposed model. This study contributes to the evaluation of the pollution levels of formaldehyde. Moreover, the model may be used to demonstrate the impact of increasing methane levels, with regard to global warming and the background levels of HCHO in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Taguchi
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Moe Hagiwara
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Ayumi Shibata
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fujinari
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Sayaka Matsumoto
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuwata
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuto Sazawa
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Noriko Hata
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Kuramitz
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
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4
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Abstract
The atmosphere is composed of nitrogen, oxygen and argon, a variety of trace gases, and particles or aerosols from a variety of sources. Reactive, trace gases have short mean residence time in the atmosphere and large spatial and temporal variations in concentration. Many trace gases are removed by reaction with hydroxyl radical and deposition in rainfall or dryfall at the Earth's surface. The upper atmosphere, the stratosphere, contains ozone that screens ultraviolet light from the Earth's surface. Chlorofluorocarbons released by humans lead to the loss of stratospheric ozone, which might eventually render the Earth's land surface uninhabitable. Changes in the composition of the atmosphere, especially rising concentrations of CO2, CH4, and N2O, will lead to climatic changes over much of the Earth's surface.
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5
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Wolfe GM, Nicely JM, St Clair JM, Hanisco TF, Liao J, Oman LD, Brune WB, Miller D, Thames A, González Abad G, Ryerson TB, Thompson CR, Peischl J, McCain K, Sweeney C, Wennberg PO, Kim M, Crounse JD, Hall SR, Ullmann K, Diskin G, Bui P, Chang C, Dean-Day J. Mapping hydroxyl variability throughout the global remote troposphere via synthesis of airborne and satellite formaldehyde observations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11171-11180. [PMID: 31110019 PMCID: PMC6561255 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821661116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical (OH) fuels tropospheric ozone production and governs the lifetime of methane and many other gases. Existing methods to quantify global OH are limited to annual and global-to-hemispheric averages. Finer resolution is essential for isolating model deficiencies and building process-level understanding. In situ observations from the Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission demonstrate that remote tropospheric OH is tightly coupled to the production and loss of formaldehyde (HCHO), a major hydrocarbon oxidation product. Synthesis of this relationship with satellite-based HCHO retrievals and model-derived HCHO loss frequencies yields a map of total-column OH abundance throughout the remote troposphere (up to 70% of tropospheric mass) over the first two ATom missions (August 2016 and February 2017). This dataset offers unique insights on near-global oxidizing capacity. OH exhibits significant seasonality within individual hemispheres, but the domain mean concentration is nearly identical for both seasons (1.03 ± 0.25 × 106 cm-3), and the biseasonal average North/South Hemisphere ratio is 0.89 ± 0.06, consistent with a balance of OH sources and sinks across the remote troposphere. Regional phenomena are also highlighted, such as a 10-fold OH depression in the Tropical West Pacific and enhancements in the East Pacific and South Atlantic. This method is complementary to budget-based global OH constraints and can help elucidate the spatial and temporal variability of OH production and methane loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn M Wolfe
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228;
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - Julie M Nicely
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740
| | - Jason M St Clair
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - Thomas F Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - Jin Liao
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046
| | - Luke D Oman
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - William B Brune
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801
| | - David Miller
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801
| | - Alexander Thames
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801
| | | | - Thomas B Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Chelsea R Thompson
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Jeff Peischl
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Kathryn McCain
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
- Global Monitoring Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Colm Sweeney
- Global Monitoring Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Paul O Wennberg
- Department of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Michelle Kim
- Department of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - John D Crounse
- Department of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Samuel R Hall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307
| | - Glenn Diskin
- Atmospheric Composition, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA 23666
| | - Paul Bui
- Atmospheric Science, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035
| | - Cecilia Chang
- Atmospheric Science, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94952
| | - Jonathan Dean-Day
- Atmospheric Science, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94952
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6
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Albertini RJ, Kaden DA. Do chromosome changes in blood cells implicate formaldehyde as a leukemogen? Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 47:145-184. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1211987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Antony R, Mahalinganathan K, Krishnan KP, Thamban M. Microbial preference for different size classes of organic carbon: a study from Antarctic snow. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:5929-5943. [PMID: 22037862 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Significance of carbon cycling in polar ecosystems is well recognized. Yet, bacteria in surface snow have received less attention in terms of their potential in carbon cycling. Here, we present results on carbon utilization by bacterial communities in three surface snow samples from Antarctica collected along a coastal to inland transect. Microcosm studies were conducted over 8 days at 5 ± 1°C to study carbon metabolism in different combinations of added low molecular weight (LMW (glucose, <1 kDa)) and high molecular weight (HMW (starch, >1 kDa)) substrates (final 20 ppm). The total organic carbon (TOC) in the snow samples decreased with time at rates ranging from non-detectable to 1.4 ppm day(-1) with rates highest in snow samples from inland region. In addition, carbon utilization studies were also carried out with bacterial isolates LH1, LH2, and LH4 belonging to the genus Cellulosimicrobium, Bacillus, and Ralstonia, respectively, isolated from the snow samples. Studies with strain LH2 in different amendments of glucose and starch showed that TOC decreased with time in all amendments at a rate of 0.9-1.5 ppm day(-1) with highest rates of 1.4-1.5 ppm day(-1) in amendments containing a higher proportion of starch. The bacterial isolates were also studied to determine their ability to utilize other LMW and HMW compounds. They utilized diverse substrates like carbohydrates, amino acids, amines, amides, complex polymers, etc., of molecular mass <100 Da, 100-500 Da, >500 Da-1 kDa, and >1 kDa preferring (up to 31 times) substrates with mass of >1 kDa than <1 kDa. The ability of bacteria in snow to utilize diverse LMW and HMW substrates indicates that they could be important in the uptake of similar compounds in snow and therefore potentially govern snow chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Antony
- National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Headland Sada, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa 403 804, India.
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8
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Legrand M, De Angelis M. Origins and variations of light carboxylic acids in polar precipitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Preunkert S, Legrand M, Stricker P, Bulat S, Alekhina I, Petit JR, Hoffmann H, May B, Jourdain B. Quantification of dissolved organic carbon at very low levels in natural ice samples by a UV-induced oxidation method. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:673-678. [PMID: 21142062 DOI: 10.1021/es1023256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The study of chemical impurities trapped in solid precipitation and accumulated in polar ice sheets and high-elevation, midlatitude cold glaciers over the last several hundreds of years provides a unique way to reconstruct our changing atmosphere from the preindustrial era to the present day. Numerous ice core studies of inorganic species have already evaluated the effects of growing anthropogenic emissions of SO(2) or NO(x) on the chemical composition of the atmosphere in various regions of the world. While it was recently shown that organic species dominate the atmospheric aerosol mass, the contribution of anthropogenic emissions to their budget remains poorly understood. The study of organics in ice is at the infancy stage, and it still is difficult to draw a consistent picture of the organic content of polar ice from sparse available data. A UV oxidation method and IR quantification of CO(2) was optimized to obtain measurements of dissolved organic carbon content as low as a few ppbC. Stringent working conditions were defined to prevent contamination during the cleaning of ice. Measurements in various ice cores corresponding to preindustrial times revealed dissolved organic carbon content of less than 10 ppbC in Antarctica and up to 75 ppbC in alpine ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Preunkert
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, St Martin d'Hères, France.
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10
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Kunasek SA, Alexander B, Steig EJ, Hastings MG, Gleason DJ, Jarvis JC. Measurements and modeling of Δ17O of nitrate in snowpits from Summit, Greenland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Federer U, Kaufmann PR, Hutterli MA, Schüpbach S, Stocker TF. Continuous flow analysis of total organic carbon in polar ice cores. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:8039-8043. [PMID: 19031899 DOI: 10.1021/es801244e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ice cores are a widely used archive to reconstruct past changes of the climate system. This is done by measuring the concentration of substances in the ice and in the air of bubbles enclosed in ice. Some species pertaining to the carbon cycle (e.g., CO2, CH4) are routinely measured. However, information about the organic fraction of the impurities in polar ice is still very limited. Therefore, we developed a new method to determine the content of total organic carbon (TOC) in ice cores using a continuous flow analysis (CFA) system. The method is based on photochemical oxidation of TOC and the electrolytic quantification of the CO2 produced during oxidation. The TOC instrument features a limit of detection of 2 ppbC and a response time of 60 s at a sample flow rate of 0.7 mL/min and a linear measurement range of 2-4000 ppbC. First measurements on the ice core from Talos Dome, Antarctica, reveal TOC concentrations varying between 80 and 360 ppbC in the 20 m section presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Federer
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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12
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Whiticar M, Schaefer H. Constraining past global tropospheric methane budgets with carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios in ice. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2007; 365:1793-828. [PMID: 17513274 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2007.2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Upon closer inspection, the classical view of the synchronous relationship between tropospheric methane mixing ratio and Greenland temperature observed in ice samples reveals clearly discernable variations in the magnitude of this response during the Late Pleistocene (<50kyr BP). During the Holocene this relationship appears to decouple, indicating that other factors have modulated the methane budget in the past 10kyr BP. The delta13CH4 and deltaD-CH4 of tropospheric methane recorded in ice samples provide a useful constraint on the palaeomethane budget estimations. Anticipated changes in palaeoenvironmental conditions are recorded as changes in the isotope signals of the methane precursors, which are then translated into past global delta13CH4 and deltaD-CH4 signatures. We present the first methane budgets for the late glacial period that are constrained by dual stable isotopes. The overall isotope variations indicate that the Younger Dryas (YD) and Preindustrial Holocene have methane that is 13C- and 2H-enriched, relative to Modern. The shift is small for delta13CH4 (approx. 1 per thousand) but greater for deltaD-CH4 (approx. 9 per thousand). The YD delta13CH4-deltaD-CH4 record shows a remarkable relationship between them from 12.15 to 11.52kyr BP. The corresponding C- and H-isotope mass balances possibly indicate fluctuating emissions of thermogenic gas. This delta13CH4-deltaD-CH4 relationship breaks down during the YD-Preboreal transition. In both age cases, catastrophic releases of hydrates with Archaeal isotope signatures can be ruled out. Thermogenic clathrate releases are possible during the YD period, but so are conventional natural gas seepages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Whiticar
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
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13
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Wolff E, Spahni R. Methane and nitrous oxide in the ice core record. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2007; 365:1775-92. [PMID: 17513260 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2007.2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polar ice cores contain, in trapped air bubbles, an archive of the concentrations of stable atmospheric gases. Of the major non-CO2 greenhouse gases, methane is measured quite routinely, while nitrous oxide is more challenging, with some artefacts occurring in the ice and so far limited interpretation. In the recent past, the ice cores provide the only direct measure of the changes that have occurred during the industrial period; they show that the current concentration of methane in the atmosphere is far outside the range experienced in the last 650,000 years; nitrous oxide is also elevated above its natural levels. There is controversy about whether changes in the pre-industrial Holocene are natural or anthropogenic in origin. Changes in wetland emissions are generally cited as the main cause of the large glacial-interglacial change in methane. However, changing sinks must also be considered, and the impact of possible newly described sources evaluated. Recent isotopic data appear to finally rule out any major impact of clathrate releases on methane at these time-scales. Any explanation must take into account that, at the rapid Dansgaard-Oeschger warmings of the last glacial period, methane rose by around half its glacial-interglacial range in only a few decades. The recent EPICA Dome C (Antarctica) record shows that methane tracked climate over the last 650,000 years, with lower methane concentrations in glacials than interglacials, and lower concentrations in cooler interglacials than in warmer ones. Nitrous oxide also shows Dansgaard-Oeschger and glacial-interglacial periodicity, but the pattern is less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wolff
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK.
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14
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Investigation of the photochemical decomposition of nitrate, hydrogen peroxide, and formaldehyde in artificial snow. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Grannas AM, Hockaday WC, Hatcher PG, Thompson LG, Mosley-Thompson E. New revelations on the nature of organic matter in ice cores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Chazallon B, Lebrun N, Dhamelincourt P, Toubin C, Focsa C. Micro-Raman Investigations of the Formaldehyde−Ice System. J Phys Chem B 2004; 109:432-9. [PMID: 16851033 DOI: 10.1021/jp040244w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly frozen aqueous solutions containing variable amounts of dissolved formaldehyde (0.1, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20 mol %) have been analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy at ambient pressure and low temperature. The importance of the formladehyde-ice system has been repeatedly quoted in various contexts, such as atmospheric and snowpack chemistry and interstellar and cometary ices. Understanding and characterizing the effects of freezing and the interactions of formaldehyde with ice are therefore of relevant interest. In this study, the distinct vibrational signatures of the oligomers present in the solution and in the frozen ice mixtures have been identified in the 120-4000 cm(-1) spectral range. From the subtle changes of the bands assigned to the CO and CH group frequencies, at least two distinct crystalline phases (pI and pII) are found to coexist with ice at different temperatures. Depending on the cooling-rewarming protocol, pI is found to crystallize in the 163-213 K temperature range. Above approximately 213 K, pI gets transformed irreversibly into pII which is stable up to approximately 234 K. pII is found to interact more strongly with ice than pI, as revealed, for example, by the drop in frequency of the bands assigned to the O-H stretching as pI transforms into pII. It is suggested that pII consists of a hydrogen-bonded network of oligomers and water molecules. On the other hand, it is suggested that the oligomers mainly present in pI interact through weak forces with the surrounding water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Chazallon
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules (UMR 8523), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Lasers et Applications, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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17
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Alexander B. Impact of preindustrial biomass-burning emissions on the oxidation pathways of tropospheric sulfur and nitrogen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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18
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Hutterli MA. Sensitivity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) preservation in snow to changing environmental conditions: Implications for ice core records. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lee X. Atmospheric pollution of a remote area of Tianshan Mountain: Ice core record. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dassau TM. Investigation of the role of the snowpack on atmospheric formaldehyde chemistry at Summit, Greenland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Honrath RE, Guo S, Peterson MC, Dziobak MP, Dibb JE, Arsenault MA. Photochemical production of gas phase NOxfrom ice crystal NO3−. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Weller R, Schrems O, Boddenberg A, Gäb S, Gautrois M. Meridional distribution of hydroperoxides and formaldehyde in the marine boundary layer of the Atlantic (48°N-35°S) measured during the Albatross campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Houdier S, Perrier S, Defrancq E, Legrand M. A new fluorescent probe for sensitive detection of carbonyl compounds: sensitivity improvement and application to environmental water samples. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Houdier S, Legrand M, Boturyn D, Croze S, Defrancq E, Lhomme J. A new fluorescent probe for sensitive detection of carbonyl compounds. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sumner AL, Shepson PB. Snowpack production of formaldehyde and its effect on the Arctic troposphere. Nature 1999. [DOI: 10.1038/18423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Wang Y, Jacob DJ. Anthropogenic forcing on tropospheric ozone and OH since preindustrial times. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Savarino J, Legrand M. High northern latitude forest fires and vegetation emissions over the last millennium inferred from the chemistry of a central Greenland ice core. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd03748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Fuhrer K, Legrand M. Continental biogenic species in the Greenland Ice Core Project ice core: Tracing back the biomass history of the North American continent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jc01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Legrand M, De Angelis M. Light carboxylic acids in Greenland ice: A record of past forest fires and vegetation emissions from the boreal zone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Martinerie P, Brasseur GP, Granier C. The chemical composition of ancient atmospheres: A model study constrained by ice core data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jaworowski Z. Ancient atmosphere- Validity of ice records. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 1994; 1:161-171. [PMID: 24234296 DOI: 10.1007/bf02986939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Jaworowski
- Institute for Energy Technology (Institutt for Energiteknikk), Box 40, N-2007, Kjeller, Norway
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McElroy MB. Climate of the earth: an overview. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1994; 83:3-21. [PMID: 15091746 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(94)90018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Climate has varied over a large range in the recent history of the Earth, with extremes represented by equable environments of the Cretaceous and Eocene and the comparatively frigid conditions of the ice ages that punctuated the past few million years. It is suggested that major shifts in climate are controlled largely by variations in CO(2) with related fluctuations in modes of ocean circulation. Changes in climate can proceed rapidly, on time scales as short as centuries or even decades, as indicated by data for the Younger Dryas (a period of globally cold conditions interrupting recovery of the Earth from the last ice age) and the Little Ice Age (a cold snap extending from about 1250 to about 1850 ad). Rapid fluctuations in climate appear to be linked to changes in production of deep water in the North Atlantic, possibly also to variations in circulation of intermediate waters in the Pacific. Mechanisms are discussed whereby changes in ocean circulation can result in shifts of climate on a global scale. A 10 000 year record of climate from Norway is used to provide context for a discussion of possible changes in climate today arising as a result of the build-up of industrially related greenhouse gases. Brief, somewhat pessimistic, comments are offered concerning the prospects for meaningful near-term predictions of the response of climate to increased concentrations of greenhouse gases. Studies of past climates, by drawing attention to important processes and feedbacks, can play a valuable role in the development of credible models for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B McElroy
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Continuous measurements of hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde, calcium and ammonium concentrations along the new grip ice core from summit, Central Greenland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Leuenberger M, Siegenthaler U. Ice-age atmospheric concentration of nitrous oxide from an Antarctic ice core. Nature 1992. [DOI: 10.1038/360449a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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