1
|
Pidaparti RM, Cartin C, Su G. Bio-Inspired Multi-Functional Drug Transport Design Concept and Simulations. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:E37. [PMID: 28952516 PMCID: PMC5590468 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a microdevice concept for drug/fluidic transport taking an inspiration from supramolecular motor found in biological cells. Specifically, idealized multi-functional design geometry (nozzle/diffuser/nozzle) was developed for (i) fluidic/particle transport; (ii) particle separation; and (iii) droplet generation. Several design simulations were conducted to demonstrate the working principles of the multi-functional device. The design simulations illustrate that the proposed design concept is feasible for multi-functionality. However, further experimentation and optimization studies are needed to fully evaluate the multifunctional device concept for multiple applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Cartin
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
| | - Guoguang Su
- Previously at Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen H, Yuan F, Wang S, Xu J, Zhang Y, Wang L. Aptamer-based sensing for thrombin in red region via fluorescence resonant energy transfer between NaYF₄:Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticles and gold nanorods. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 48:19-25. [PMID: 23639344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we design a FRET system for sensitive and selective determination of thrombin in red region, in which NaYF₄:Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) act as donor and gold nanorods (Au NRs) act as acceptor. NaYF₄:Yb,Er UCNPs with a strong emission at 661 nm were successfully synthesized by tuning the doped ions ratio. Carboxyl-functionalized NaYF₄:Yb,Er UCNPs and Au NRs were then prepared and conjugated with the thrombin aptamers, respectively. The fluorescence emission band of NaYF₄:Yb,Er UCNPs (λ(max)=661 nm) highly overlaps with the absorption band of Au NRs(λ(max)=666 nm), which benefits from the large tunability of the spectrum band of Au NRs. A FRET system was then formed when thrombin was added to the mixture of NaYF₄:Yb,Er UCNPs and Au NRs, which were both modified thrombin aptamers. The fluorescence quenching efficiency of NaYF₄:Yb,Er UCNPs was increased in a thrombin concentration-dependent manner, which built the principle of thrombin quantification. The linear range was 2.5-90 nM in an aqueous buffer, and 3.75-112.5 nM in spiked human serum samples for thrombin. It also demonstrates a high selectivity to other biological species due to the specific binding. The measurement of thrombin in human plasma is satisfying, suggesting that the FRET system is of practical value in a complex biological sample matrix in red region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao J, Zhang Y, Li H, Wen Y, Fan X, Lin F, Tan L, Yao S. Ultrasensitive electrochemical aptasensor for thrombin based on the amplification of aptamer-AuNPs-HRP conjugates. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:2297-303. [PMID: 21030239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Successful development of an ultrasensitive and highly specific electrochemical aptasensor for thrombin based on amplification of aptamer-gold nanoparticles-horseradish peroxidase (aptamer-AuNPs-HRP) conjugates was reported. In this electrochemical protocol, aptamer1 (Apt1) was immobilized on core/shell Fe(3)O(4)/Au magnetic nanoparticles (AuMNPs) and served as capture probe. Aptamer2 (Apt2) was dual labeled with AuNPs and HRP and used as detection probe. In the presence of thrombin, the sandwich format of AuMNPs-Apt1/thrombin/Apt2-AuNPs-HRP was fabricated. Remarkable signal amplification was realized by taking the advantage of AuNPs and catalytic reactions of HRP. Other proteins, such as human serum albumin, lysozyme, fibrinogen, and IgG did not show significant interference with the assay for thrombin. Linear response to thrombin concentration in the range of 0.1-60 pM and lower detection limit down to 30 fM (S/N=3) was obtained with the proposed method. This electrochemical aptasensor is simple, rapid (the whole detection period for a thrombin sample is less than 35 min), sensitive and highly specific, it shows promising potential in protein detection and disease diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gauci S, Veenhoff LM, Heck AJR, Krijgsveld J. Orthogonal Separation Techniques for the Characterization of the Yeast Nuclear Proteome. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:3451-63. [DOI: 10.1021/pr9000948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Gauci
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands, Netherlands Proteomics Centre and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands, and Department of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth M. Veenhoff
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands, Netherlands Proteomics Centre and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands, and Department of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands, Netherlands Proteomics Centre and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands, and Department of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands, Netherlands Proteomics Centre and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands, and Department of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Proteome--the protein complement of a genome--has become the protein renaissance and a key research tool in the post-genomic era. The basic technology involves the routine usage of gel electrophoresis and spectrometry procedures for deciphering the primary protein sequence/structure as well as knowing certain unique post-translational modifications that a particular protein has undergone to perform a specific function in the cell. However, the recent advancements in protein analysis have ushered this science to provide deeper, bigger and more valuable perspectives regarding performance of subtle protein-protein interactions. Applications of this branch of molecular biology are as vast as the subject is and include clinical diagnostics, pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries. The 21st century hails the use of products, procedures and advancements of this science as finer touches required for the grooming of fast-paced technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Kalia
- Department of Microbiology Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Study on an electrochemical biosensor for thrombin recognition based on aptamers and nano particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-007-0062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
7
|
Liu H, Zhang HJ, Chen GQ, Lv LY, Li ZL. Research progress in screening biomarkers of pancreatic cancer by proteomic techniques. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2007; 15:1628-1633. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v15.i14.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one kind of devastating diseases. Those patients without nonspecific symptoms at early stage had mostly lost the opporunity of surgical therapy when pancreatic cancer was detected at advanced stage. Rapid growth of proteomic technologies provides possibilities to study etiopathogenesis, and screen early diagnostic and prognosis biomarkers of pancreatic cancer. In this paper, the application of proteomic techniques in cell lines, tissues, serum and pancreatic juice from patients with pancreatic cancer is reviewed briefly.
Collapse
|
8
|
McBride KM, Reich NC. The ins and outs of STAT1 nuclear transport. SCIENCE'S STKE : SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION KNOWLEDGE ENVIRONMENT 2003; 2003:RE13. [PMID: 12915721 DOI: 10.1126/stke.2003.195.re13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
There is an inherent elegance in being in the right place at the right time. The STAT1 transcription factor possesses regulatory signals that ensure its distribution to the right cellular location at the right time. Latent STAT1 resides primarily in the cytoplasm, and there it responds to hormone signaling through tyrosine phosphorylation by Janus kinases or growth factor receptors. After phosphorylation, STAT1 dimerizes, and this conformational change reveals a nuclear import signal that is recognized by a specific nuclear import carrier. In the nucleus, the STAT1 dimer dissociates from the import carrier and binds to specific DNA target sites in the promoters of regulated genes. STAT1 is subsequently dephosphorylated in the nucleus by a constitutively active tyrosine phosphatase, leading to its dissociation from DNA. A nuclear export signal of STAT1 appears to be masked when dimers are bound to DNA, but it becomes accessible to the CRM1 export carrier after dissociation from DNA. CRM1 binds STAT1 and transports the transcription factor back to the cytoplasm. Studies show that the regulatory trafficking signals that guide the nuclear import and export of STAT1 reside within its DNA binding domain. The location of these signals indicates that their function has coevolved with the ability of STAT1 to bind DNA and regulate gene expression. The nuclear import and subsequent recycling of STAT1 to the cytoplasm are integral to its function as a signal transducer and activator of transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M McBride
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Fujiwara S, Matsuda N, Sato T, Sonobe S, Maeshima M. Molecular properties of a matrix attachment region-binding protein located in the nucleoli of tobacco cells. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 43:1558-67. [PMID: 12514253 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcf177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We cloned a cDNA for matrix-attachment region (MAR)-binding protein from Nicotiana tabacum cells to elucidate the structure and function of the nuclear matrix. The cDNA encodes a protein of 555 amino acids (61,050 Da) with an isoelectric point of 9.4. We named the protein NtMARBP61. The sequence is 45% identical to yeast Nop58p, which is involved in rRNA processing. The C-terminal part is unique and rich in lysine residues. The recombinant C-terminal part had the ability to bind double-stranded DNAs of 12 tobacco MARs. The intracellular localization was determined to be in the nucleolus by fluorescent microscopy using the antibody to the recombinant NtMARBP61. The mRNA level was high in the lag and early-log phases of cultured cells but low in the stationary phase. The protein was accumulated only in the middle- and late-log phases, suggesting that NtMARBP61 is essential for growing cells. The results suggest at least the structural and regulatory function of NtMARBP61 in the nucleolus as a MAR-binding protein in a growth-stage specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Proteomics is a rapidly emerging set of key technologies that are being used to identify proteins and map their interactions in a cellular context. With the sequencing of the human genome, the scope of proteomics has shifted from protein identification and characterization to include protein structure, function and protein-protein interactions. Technologies used in proteomic research include two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, yeast two-hybrids screens, and computational prediction programs. While some of these technologies have been in use for a long time, they are currently being applied to study physiology and cellular processes in high-throughput formats. It is the high-throughput approach that defines and characterizes modern proteomics. In this review, we discuss the current status of these experimental and computational technologies relevant to the three major aspects of proteomics-characterization of proteomes, identification of proteins, and determination of protein function. We also briefly discuss the development of new proteomic technologies that are based on recent advances in analytical and biochemical techniques, engineering, microfabrication, and computational prowess. The integration of these advances with established technologies is invaluable for the drive toward a comprehensive understanding of protein structure and function in the cellular milieu.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional/instrumentation
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional/methods
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional/trends
- Gene Expression Profiling/instrumentation
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Profiling/trends
- Protein Interaction Mapping/instrumentation
- Protein Interaction Mapping/methods
- Proteome/chemistry
- Proteome/genetics
- Proteome/physiology
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Sequence Analysis, Protein/instrumentation
- Sequence Analysis, Protein/methods
- Sequence Analysis, Protein/trends
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/trends
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/trends
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine/Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gould VE, Orucevic A, Zentgraf H, Gattuso P, Martinez N, Alonso A. Nup88 (karyoporin) in human malignant neoplasms and dysplasias: correlations of immunostaining of tissue sections, cytologic smears, and immunoblot analysis. Hum Pathol 2002; 33:536-44. [PMID: 12094380 DOI: 10.1053/hupa.2002.124785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are elaborate macromolecular structures that regulate the bidirectional nucleocytoplasmic traffic system. In vertebrate cells, NPCs include a family of 50 to 100 proteins termed nucleoporins (Nups). The 88-kD Nup has been found to be linked in a dynamic subcomplex with the oncogenic CAN/Nup214. Applying a polyclonal antiserum to Nup88 on paraffin sections, we found that it immunoreacts with numerous malignant neoplasms. All carcinomas reacted irrespective of site, type, or degree of differentiation; often, high-grade carcinomas stained more strongly and extensively. Some sarcomas (e.g., fibrosarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, liposarcomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas) reacted intensely; melanomas, gliomas, mesotheliomas, and malignant lymphomas also stained. In situ carcinomas of the colon, stomach, breast, and prostate stained convincingly, as did in situ melanomas; some samples of fetal tissues also reacted. Cytologic smears of some of the aforementioned tumors also stained. In selected samples, enhanced immunostaining of tissue sections and cytologic smears correlated strongly and consistently with immunoblot data. Immunoblots of the same tumors with antibodies to 2 other Nups (Nup214 and Nup153) showed no comparable enhancement. Therefore, it seems that in some malignant tumors, Nup88 overexpression is not parallelled by an overexpression of other Nups. Benign tumors, hyperplasias, and normal tissues showed weak and sporadic staining or absence of staining; immunoblots of the same samples yielded weak signals. Occasional highly proliferative hyperplastic-reactive processes showed focal staining. Thus, our correlative histologic, cytologic, and molecular data indicate that Nup88 may be viewed as a potentially useful, broadly based histodiagnostic and molecular marker of many malignancies and premalignant dysplasias, and further suggest that in some malignant tumors, Nup88 may be selectively overexpressed as compared with other Nups. Thus, we propose that Nup88 be designated as karyoporin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Gould
- Department of Pathology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
One of the most pressing problems facing those attempting to understand the regulation of gene expression and translation is the necessity to monitor protein production in a variety of metabolic states. Thus far, there is no easy solution that will either identify or quantitate proteins in real time. Here we introduce a novel protein probe, molecular aptamer beacon (MAB), for real time protein recognition and quantitative analysis. The MAB combines the signal transduction mechanism of molecular beacons and the molecular recognition specificity of aptamers. An MAB based on a thrombin-binding aptamer was prepared as a model to demonstrate the feasibility. Significant fluorescent signal change was observed when MAB was bound to thrombin, which is attributed to a significant conformational change in MAB from a loose random coil to a compact unimolecular quadruplex. The MAB recognizes its target protein with high specificity and high sensitivity (112 picomolar thrombin concentration) in homogeneous solutions. Ratiometric imaging has been conducted with MAB labeled with two fluorophores, which makes it feasible for protein quantitation in living specimen. The unique properties of the MAB will enable the development of a class of protein probes for real time protein tracing in living specimen and for efficient biomedical diagnosis in homogeneous solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei J Li
- Department of Chemistry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu HM, Zhang S, Liu DP, Li XG, Hao DL, Liang CC. Efficient isolation of regulatory sequences from human genome and BAC DNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 290:1079-83. [PMID: 11798185 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of regulatory DNA fragments is the basis of the identification of DNA binding proteins and the study of the regulation of gene expression. Presently there is a lack of efficient methods to broadly isolate and identify DNA regulatory fragments. We developed an efficient method to isolate regulatory DNA sequences from both genome and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) based on electrophoretic mobility shift assay and PCR techniques without purified transcription factors. Twenty-nine DNA fragments were isolated from human genome and 24 from BAC DNA containing human apolipoprotein AI gene cluster. Transient transfection assay showed that some fragments could enhance the transcription of reporter gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ming Xu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Radtke T, Schmalz D, Coutavas E, Soliman TM, Peters R. Kinetics of protein import into isolated Xenopus oocyte nuclei. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:2407-12. [PMID: 11226252 PMCID: PMC30151 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.051616598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2000] [Accepted: 12/26/2000] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An in vitro assay for nucleocytoplasmic transport was established in which signal-dependent protein import is reproduced faithfully by isolated purified nuclei. The assay permits the precise quantification of import kinetics and the discrimination between translocation through the nuclear envelope and intranuclear transport. Nuclei were manually isolated from Xenopus oocytes and after manual purification incubated with a medium containing a green fluorescent transport substrate, karyopherins alpha2 and beta1, a red fluorescent control substrate, an energy mix and, for keeping an osmotic balance, 20% (wt/vol) BSA. Import of transport substrates into the nucleus and exclusion of the control substrate were monitored simultaneously by two-color confocal microscopy. Two widely differing import substrates were used: the recombinant protein P4K [480 kDa, four nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) per P4K tetramer], and NLS-BSA (90 kDa, 15 NLSs). The measurements suggested that import, at the specific conditions used in this study, consisted of two consecutive processes: (i) the rapid equilibration of the concentration difference across the nuclear envelope, a process involving binding and translocation of substrate by the nuclear pore complex, and (ii) the dissipation of the intranuclear concentration difference by diffusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Radtke
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Universität Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 31, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- J Godovac-Zimmermann
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Scherthan H, Jerratsch M, Li B, Smith S, Hultén M, Lock T, de Lange T. Mammalian meiotic telomeres: protein composition and redistribution in relation to nuclear pores. Mol Biol Cell 2000; 11:4189-203. [PMID: 11102517 PMCID: PMC15066 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.11.12.4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian telomeres consist of TTAGGG repeats, telomeric repeat binding factor (TRF), and other proteins, resulting in a protective structure at chromosome ends. Although structure and function of the somatic telomeric complex has been elucidated in some detail, the protein composition of mammalian meiotic telomeres is undetermined. Here we show, by indirect immunofluorescence (IF), that the meiotic telomere complex is similar to its somatic counterpart and contains significant amounts of TRF1, TRF2, and hRap1, while tankyrase, a poly-(ADP-ribose)polymerase at somatic telomeres and nuclear pores, forms small signals at ends of human meiotic chromosome cores. Analysis of rodent spermatocytes reveals Trf1 at mouse, TRF2 at rat, and mammalian Rap1 at meiotic telomeres of both rodents. Moreover, we demonstrate that telomere repositioning during meiotic prophase occurs in sectors of the nuclear envelope that are distinct from nuclear pore-dense areas. The latter form during preleptotene/leptotene and are present during entire prophase I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Scherthan
- University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gould VE, Martinez N, Orucevic A, Schneider J, Alonso A. A novel, nuclear pore-associated, widely distributed molecule overexpressed in oncogenesis and development. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2000; 157:1605-13. [PMID: 11073820 PMCID: PMC1885726 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64798-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes are large, elaborate macromolecular structures that mediate the bidirectional nucleocytoplasmic traffic. In vertebrates, nuclear pore complexes comprise 50 to 100 proteins termed nucleoporins (Nup). An 88-kd nucleoporin (Nup88) has been recently cloned and characterized, and found to be associated in a dynamic subcomplex with the oncogenic nucleoporin CAN/Nup 214. We have produced a polyclonal antiserum to Nup88, and found that it immunoreacts convincingly in conventional tissue sections of 214 samples of malignant tumors of many types. All carcinomas were stained irrespective of site or line of differentiation; the majority of cases reacted strongly and extensively. In situ carcinomas and highly dysplastic epithelia were similarly reactive. Samples of malignant mesotheliomas, gliomas, sarcomas, and lymphoreticular tumors were also stained. Substantial reactions were also found in certain fetal tissues. Focal reactions were noted in some reactive-proliferative processes. Most benign epithelial and mesenchymal tumors and hyperplasias, and normal adult tissues reacted weakly and sporadically or not at all. Immunoblot analysis of selected samples strongly corroborated those findings. If further substantiated, our findings indicate that Nup88 could be regarded as a selective yet broadly based proliferation marker of potential significance in the histological evaluation and diagnosis of malignant transformation. Its ready applicability on conventional paraffin sections and on cytological preparations may broaden its clinical and investigative significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V E Gould
- Department of Pathology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|