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Pathak B, Boda M, Patwari GN. Probing the Role of Solvent Configurations and Local Electric Fields on HX (X = F, Cl, Br and I) Dissociation in Water Clusters. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39347838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c04472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The acidity of hydrohalic acids increases down the group, with HF and HI being the weakest and strongest acids. Electronic structure calculations suggest that the critical electric fields required for the dissociation of HF, HCl, HBr, and HI are 347, 193, 163, and 153 MV cm-1, respectively, which are proportional to their corresponding pKa values and emphasize that in these systems the bond dissociation energy determines the pKa. The solvent configuration plays a significant role in the acid dissociation process, which is illustrated by a particular configuration of three water molecules around HX and favors dissociation of only HBr, even though the critical electric field required for the dissociation of HI is lower than that of HBr, as depicted in the graphical abstract. Further, the Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations suggest that the spontaneity of HX dissociation depends on both the solvent configuration and thermal fluctuations, which hold higher significance in the case of weaker acids. In general, it was observed that the solvent electric field required for the acid dissociation process is marginally lower at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijaya Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Manjusha Boda
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - G Naresh Patwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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2
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Driscoll C, Milford JB, Henze DK, Bell MD. Atmospheric reduced nitrogen: Sources, transformations, effects, and management. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2024; 74:362-415. [PMID: 38819428 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2024.2342765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Human activities have increased atmospheric emissions and deposition of oxidized and reduced forms of nitrogen, but emission control programs have largely focused on oxidized nitrogen. As a result, in many regions of the world emissions of oxidized nitrogen are decreasing while emissions of reduced nitrogen are increasing. Emissions of reduced nitrogen largely originate from livestock waste and fertilizer application, with contributions from transportation sources in urban areas. Observations suggest a discrepancy between trends in emissions and deposition of reduced nitrogen in the U.S., likely due to an underestimate in emissions. In the atmosphere, ammonia reacts with oxides of sulfur and nitrogen to form fine particulate matter that impairs health and visibility and affects climate forcings. Recent reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides have limited partitioning with ammonia, decreasing long-range transport. Continuing research is needed to improve understanding of how shifting emissions alter formation of secondary particulates and patterns of transport and deposition of reactive nitrogen. Satellite remote sensing has potential for monitoring atmospheric concentrations and emissions of ammonia, but there remains a need to maintain and strengthen ground-based measurements and continue development of chemical transport models. Elevated nitrogen deposition has decreased plant and soil microbial biodiversity and altered the biogeochemical function of terrestrial, freshwater, and coastal ecosystems. Further study is needed on differential effects of oxidized versus reduced nitrogen and pathways and timescales of ecosystem recovery from elevated nitrogen deposition. Decreases in deposition of reduced nitrogen could alleviate exceedances of critical loads for terrestrial and freshwater indicators in many U.S. areas. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency should consider using critical loads as a basis for setting standards to protect public welfare and ecosystems. The U.S. and other countries might look to European experience for approaches to control emissions of reduced nitrogen from agricultural and transportation sectors.Implications: In this Critical Review we synthesize research on effects, air emissions, environmental transformations, and management of reduced forms of nitrogen. Emissions of reduced nitrogen affect human health, the structure and function of ecosystems, and climatic forcings. While emissions of oxidized forms of nitrogen are regulated in the U.S., controls on reduced forms are largely absent. Decreases in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides coupled with increases in ammonia are shifting the gas-particle partitioning of ammonia and decreasing long-range atmospheric transport of reduced nitrogen. Effort is needed to understand, monitor, and manage emissions of reduced nitrogen in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Driscoll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jana B Milford
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Daven K Henze
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael D Bell
- Ecologist, National Park Service - Air Resources Division, Boulder, CO, USA
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3
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Pathak B, Kesari S, Patwari GN. Enticing a Proton using Single Ammonia Molecule as Bait. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1022-1028. [PMID: 38240575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In microhydrated acid-solvent clusters, deprotonation of an acid is assisted by a critical number of solvent molecules and a solvent electric field. Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations reveal that trifluoroacetic acid undergoes spontaneous proton transfer in water clusters, with the critical number being five. Acetic acid and phenol, on the other hand, do not dissociate even in the presence of a large number of water molecules (in excess of 40). The addition of a single ammonia molecule to the water cluster, which interacts directly with the protic group, lowers the critical number of solvent water molecules required for proton transfer to three and seven in the case of acetic acid and phenol, respectively. The population of the undissociated and the proton-transferred structures get dispersed to form separate islands on the electric field versus the O-H distance representation with the cusp representing the critical values. The critical electric fields for the spontaneous proton transfer are around 254, 237, and 318 MV cm-1 for trifluoroacetic acid, acetic acid, and phenol, respectively. In the case of phenol, the free energy profiles suggest that proton transfer to the ammonia moiety embedded in water promotes proton transfer efficiently due to the higher basicity of ammonia and enhanced hydrogen bonding network of solvent water, vis-à-vis phenol-ammonia clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijaya Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shaivi Kesari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - G Naresh Patwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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4
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Long B, Xia Y, Zhang YQ, Truhlar DG. Kinetics of Sulfur Trioxide Reaction with Water Vapor to Form Atmospheric Sulfuric Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19866-19876. [PMID: 37651227 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Although experimental methods can be used to obtain the quantitative kinetics of atmospheric reactions, experimental data are often limited to a narrow temperature range. The reaction of SO3 with water vapor is important for elucidating the formation of sulfuric acid in the atmosphere; however, the kinetics is uncertain at low temperatures. Here, we calculate rate constants for reactions of sulfur trioxide with two water molecules. We consider two mechanisms: the SO3···H2O + H2O reaction and the SO3 + (H2O)2 reaction. We find that beyond-CCSD(T) contributions to the barrier heights are very large, and multidimensional tunneling, unusually large anharmonicity of high-frequency modes, and torsional anharmonicity are important for obtaining quantitative kinetics. We find that at lower temperatures, the formation of the termolecular precursor complexes, which is often neglected, is rate-limiting compared to passage through the tight transition states. Our calculations show that the SO3···H2O + H2O mechanism is more important than the SO3 + (H2O)2 mechanism at 5-50 km altitudes. We find that the rate ratio between SO3···H2O + H2O and SO3 + (H2O)2 is greater than 20 at altitudes between 10 and 35 km, where the concentration of SO3 is very high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Long
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Yu Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu-Qiong Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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5
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Zhao T, Yao H, Ji X, Yang X, Wu S. Molecular dynamics simulation of water condensation with nucleus under electromagnetic wave irradiation. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 123:108513. [PMID: 37270895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The condensation process of water with different nuclei under electromagnetic wave irradiation was studied by molecular dynamics simulation. It was found that there is a different electric-field effect when the condensation nucleus was a small (NH4)2SO4 cluster than a CaCO3 nucleus. Through the analysis of the hydrogen-bond number, energy change, and dynamic behavior, we found that the effect of external electric field on the condensation process mainly comes from the change of potential energy caused by the dielectric response and there is a competition effect between the dielectric response and the dissolution in the system with (NH4)2SO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Zhao
- Shaanxi Applied Physics and Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Yao
- Shaanxi Applied Physics and Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xiangfei Ji
- Shaanxi Applied Physics and Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Shiyue Wu
- Institute of Guizhou Aerospace Measuring and Testing Technology, Guiyang, 550009, PR China.
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6
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Feng Y, Wang C. Surface Confinement of Finite-Size Water Droplets for SO 3 Hydrolysis Reaction Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations Based on a Machine Learning Force Field. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10631-10640. [PMID: 37130210 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As an important source for sulfuric acid in the atmosphere, hydrolysis of sulfur trioxide (SO3) takes place with water clusters of sizes from several molecules to several nanometers, resulting in various final products, including neutral (H2SO4)-(H2O) clusters and ionic (HSO4)--(H3O)+ clusters. The diverse products may be due to the ability of proton transfer and the formation of hydrated ions for water cluster of finite sizes, especially the sub-micrometer ones. However, the detailed molecular-level mechanism is still unclear due to the lack of available characterization and simulations tools. Here, we developed a quantum chemistry-level machine learning (ML) model to simulate the hydrolysis of SO3 with water clusters of sizes up to nanometers. The simulation results demonstrate diverse reaction paths taking place between SO3 and water clusters of different sizes. Generally, neutral (H2SO4)-(H2O) clusters are preferred by water clusters of ultra-small size, and a loop structure-mediated mechanism with SO3(H2O)n≤4 structures and a non-loop structure-mediated mechanism with structure relaxation are observed. As the water cluster size increases to (H2O)8, a (HSO4)--(H3O)+ ion-pair product emerges; and the Eigen-Zundel ion conversion-like proton transfer mechanism takes place and stabilizes the ion pairs. As the water cluster sizes further increase beyond several nanometers ((H2O)n≥32), the (SO4)2-[(H3O)+]2 ion-pair product appears. The reason could be that the surface of these water clusters is large enough to screen Coulomb repulsion between two tri-coordinated ion-pair complexes. These findings would provide new perspectives for understanding SO3 hydrolysis in the real atmosphere and sulfuric acid chemistry in atmospheric aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Feng
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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7
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Trace Gas Pollutants Led to New Particle Formation and a Strong Convective System Over Telangana, India. NATIONAL ACADEMY SCIENCE LETTERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40009-023-01221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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8
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Shen Y, Zhao H, Sheng X. Theoretical study of hydrogen bond interactions of methanesulfonic acid with eugenol/methyleugenol. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Zhang X, Tan S, Chen X, Yin S. Computational chemistry of cluster: Understanding the mechanism of atmospheric new particle formation at the molecular level. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136109. [PMID: 36007737 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF), which exerts significant influence over human health and global climate, has been a hot topic and rapidly expands field of research in the environmental and atmospheric chemistry recent years. Generally, NPF contains two processes: formation of critical nucleus and further growth of the nucleus. However, due to the complexity of the atmospheric nucleation, which is a multicomponent process, formation of critical clusters as well as their growth is still connected to large uncertainties. Detection limits of instruments in measuring specific gaseous aerosol precursors and chemical compositions at the molecular level call for computational studies. Computational chemistry could effectively compensate the deficiency of laboratory experiments as well as observations and predict the nucleation mechanisms. We review the present theoretical literatures that discuss nucleation mechanism of atmospheric clusters. Focus of this review is on different nucleation systems involving sulfur-containing species, nitrogen-containing species and iodine-containing species. We hope this review will provide a deep insight for the molecular interaction of nucleation precursors and reveal nucleation mechanism at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Shendong Tan
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Shi Yin
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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10
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Liquefaction of water on the hydrophobic surface of black phosphorene: A reactive molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Lin CK, Kuo JL. Anharmonic IR spectra of solvated ammonium and aminium ions: resemblance between water and bisulfate solvations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20318-20325. [PMID: 35979887 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00663d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we analyze the vibrational spectra of ammonium, methylammonium, and dimethylammonium ions solvated by either water molecules or bisulfate anions using anharmonic vibrational algorithms. Rich and complicated spectral features in the 2700-3200 cm-1 region of the experimental spectra of these clusters are attributed to originate from strong Fermi resonance between hydrogen-bonded NH stretching fundamentals and NH bending overtones. Additional weaker bands around 2500-2600 cm-1 in solvated aminium ions are assigned to the combination tones involving the CH-NH (methyl-amino) rocking modes. Furthermore, the qualitative resemblance in band positions and spectral patterns between two-water-solvated and two-bisulfate-solvated cations suggest a common vibrational coupling scheme beneath the two seemingly different micro-solvation environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Kai Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Jer-Lai Kuo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.,International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
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12
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Lu H, Wang G, Guo H. Ambient acidic ultrafine particles in different land-use areas in two representative Chinese cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154774. [PMID: 35339551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of acidic ultrafine particles (AUFPs) have been widely recognized in scientific communities. However, a handful of studies successfully acquired the concentrations of AUFPs in the atmosphere. To explore the AUFPs pollution, six extensive measurements were for the first time conducted in the roadside, urban and rural areas in Hong Kong, and the urban area in Shanghai between 2017 and 2020. The concentrations of AUFPs and UFPs, and the proportions of AUFPs in UFPs were obtained. The concentration of UFPs was the highest at the roadside site, followed by the urban site and the rural site, while the proportion of AUFPs in UFPs showed a contrary trend. The difference, on one hand, indicated the potential transformation of AUFPs from non-acidic UFPs during the transport and aging of air masses, and on the other hand, suggested the minor contribution of anthropogenic sources to the emission of AUFPs. In addition, the urban area in Hong Kong suffered from heavier pollution of UFPs and AUFPs than that in Shanghai. As for size distribution, the proportion of AUFPs in UFPs peaked in the size range of 35-50 nm and 50-75 nm in roadside and urban area, respectively. In rural area, the peak was observed in the size range of 5-10 nm, which might indicate the stimulation of new particle formation with the AUFPs as seeds. Furthermore, in the urban areas of Hong Kong and Shanghai, no significant difference was found for the geometric mean diameters of UFPs and AUFPs (p > 0.05). At last, the sulfuric acid proxy was positively correlated with the proportions of AUFPs in UFPs but not well correlated with the AUFPs levels. The results suggested the important roles of interaction between sulfuric acid vapor and non-acidic UFPs in AUFPs formation. Due to the significant reduction of sulfur dioxide in China during the last decade, the pollution of AUFPs in urban areas was alleviated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxian Lu
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Guo
- Air Quality Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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13
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Neeman EM, Osseiran N, Huet TR. The conformational landscape of myrtenol: the structure of the hydroxymethyl group and its robustness upon hydration. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:124301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0084562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The conformational landscape of myrtenol (2-Pinen-10-ol) and its robustness upon hydration was investigated theoretically and experimentally employing a synergic combination of quantum chemical calculations and Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy coupled to a supersonic jet expansion. Relaxed potential energy surfaces have been carried out and the lowest energy conformers of the monomer were found associated with different geometry of the hydroxymethyl group than those previously reported (G. Sedo et al, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 356 (2019) 32). Geometry optimizations and harmonic vibrational frequency calculations allowed to characterize the equilibrium structure of the possible conformers of myrtenol. Among the nine predicted structures, four have been observed, analyzed, and identified. The controversy on the geometry was solved with the deuteration of the hydroxyl group (OD), which led to the determination of substitution ( rs) geometry, in agreement with the present theoretical results. Interestingly, the four observed conformers exhibit the same orientation of OH as in the allyl alcohol molecule. Furthermore, hydrogen bonding linking myrtenol to water was studied. One monohydrate has been observed and identified. Non-covalent interactions (NCI) and NBO analysis were performed to depict the interactions responsible for the stabilization of the observed structure. We conclude that the structure of the hydroxymethyl group is robust and does not change upon hydration.
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14
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Chen J. Theoretical analysis of sulfuric acid–dimethylamine–oxalic acid–water clusters and implications for atmospheric cluster formation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22425-22434. [PMID: 36106005 PMCID: PMC9364903 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, organic compounds potentially involved in atmospheric particle formation have received increased attention. However, the contributions of organic acids as precursors in nucleation remain ambiguous. In this study, the low-lying structures and thermodynamics of the sulfuric acid–dimethylamine–oxalic acid–water system are obtained at the M06-2X/6-311+G(2d,p) level, and the single point energy of the clusters has been calculated at the DF-LMP2-F12/VDZ-F12 level. The formations of the multicomponent clusters are predicted based on thermodynamics, involving proton transfer and hydrogen bonding interactions. Oxalic acid can synergistically promote the formation of the sulfuric acid–dimethylamine–oxalic acid–water system while inhibiting this with the addition of more sulfuric acid molecules. The results of hydrate distribution show that un-hydrate clusters play a dominant role during formation. Moreover, dimethylamine and oxalic acid have similar effects on Rayleigh scattering properties, and the clusters involving complex mixtures of compounds can have high optical activities. The structure of SA2.DMA.OA.W4 cluster.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chen
- Anhui Meteorological Observatory, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
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15
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Rivas I, Vicens L, Basagaña X, Tobías A, Katsouyanni K, Walton H, Hüglin C, Alastuey A, Kulmala M, Harrison RM, Pekkanen J, Querol X, Sunyer J, Kelly FJ. Associations between sources of particle number and mortality in four European cities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106662. [PMID: 34098335 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence on the association between ultrafine (UFP) particles and mortality is still inconsistent. Moreover, health effects of specific UFP sources have not been explored. We assessed the impact of UFP sources on daily mortality in Barcelona, Helsinki, London, and Zurich. METHODS UFP sources were previously identified and quantified for the four cities: daily contributions of photonucleation, two traffic sources (fresh traffic and urban, with size mode around 30 nm and 70 nm, respectively), and secondary aerosols were obtained from data from an urban background station. Different periods were investigated in each city: Barcelona 2013-2016, Helsinki 2009-2016, London 2010-2016, and Zurich 2011-2014. The associations between total particle number concentrations (PNC) and UFP sources and daily (natural, cardiovascular [CVD], and respiratory) mortality were investigated using city-specific generalized linear models (GLM) with quasi-Poisson regression. RESULTS We found inconsistent results across cities, sources, and lags for associations with natural, CVD, and respiratory mortality. Increased risk was observed for total PNC and natural mortality in Helsinki (lag 2; 1.3% [0.07%, 2.5%]), CVD mortality in Barcelona (lag 1; 3.7% [0.17%, 7.4%]) and Zurich (lag 0; 3.8% [0.31%, 7.4%]), and respiratory mortality in London (lag 3; 2.6% [0.84%, 4.45%]) and Zurich (lag 1; 9.4% [1.0%, 17.9%]). A similar pattern of associations between health outcomes and total PNC was followed by the fresh traffic source, for which we also found the same associations and lags as for total PNC. The urban source (mostly aged traffic) was associated with respiratory mortality in Zurich (lag 1; 12.5% [1.7%, 24.2%]) and London (lag 3; 2.4% [0.90%, 4.0%]) while the secondary source was associated with respiratory mortality in Zurich (lag 1: 12.0% [0.63%, 24.5%]) and Helsinki (4.7% [0.11%, 9.5%]). Reduced risk for the photonucleation source was observed for respiratory mortality in Barcelona (lag 2, -8.6% [-14.5%, -2.4%]) and for CVD mortality in Helsinki, as this source is present only in clean atmospheres (lag 1, -1.48 [-2.75, -0.21]). CONCLUSIONS We found inconsistent results across cities, sources and lags for associations with natural, CVD, and respiratory mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioar Rivas
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CSIC Associated Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Air Quality (UA EEQ), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laia Vicens
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CSIC Associated Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Air Quality (UA EEQ), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurelio Tobías
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, 10th Floor, Michael Uren Building, White City Campus, London W12 7TA, UK; Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Heather Walton
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, 10th Floor, Michael Uren Building, White City Campus, London W12 7TA, UK; UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit on Environmental Exposures and Health at Imperial College London, UK
| | - Christoph Hüglin
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrés Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences/Physics, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roy M Harrison
- Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Department of Environmental Sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Public Health, P.O. Box 20, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Wellfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CSIC Associated Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Air Quality (UA EEQ), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frank J Kelly
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, 10th Floor, Michael Uren Building, White City Campus, London W12 7TA, UK
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16
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Neeman EM, Avilés Moreno JR, Huet TR. Gas-phase hydration of nopinone: the interplay between theoretical methods and experiments unveils the conformational landscape. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18137-18144. [PMID: 34612277 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02717d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure of microsolvated nopinone formed in the supersonic jet expansion is investigated in the gas phase. The rotational spectra of nopinone(H2O)n (n = 1, 2, 3) were analysed by means of Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. In the present study, three monohydrates, two dihydrates and two trihydrates were observed and characterized. The observed structures are the lowest energy conformers predicted by quantum chemical calculations. In all the observed hydrates of nopinone, water was found to be linked to the ketone group (C[double bond, length as m-dash]O) with a strong hydrogen bond (ONOPHW) and finishing with a dispersive one (OWHNOP). The structure of nopinone was found to alter the structure of water dimer and water trimer, which make nopinone be surrounded with a chain of water molecules. A remarkable decrease in the H-bonding length was observed when the number of attached water molecules is increased. Different DFT and ab initio calculations at the equilibrium structure allowed the identification of the observed conformers. Evaluation of the B3LYP-D3 and ωB97X-D results revealed deficiencies in reproducing the structure of one observed monohydrated structure while MP2 and M06-2X reproduce all the three observed structures. A comparison with similar bicyclic ketones highlights how a small change in the bicyclic ring leads to different effects in the microsolvation of biogenic VOCs. This study presents the first step of molecular aggregation to understand the atmospheric formation of aerosols at the molecular scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias M Neeman
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France.
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17
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Salvitti C, Rosi M, Pepi F, Troiani A, de Petris G. Reactivity of transition metal dioxide anions MO2− (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) with sulfur dioxide in the gas phase: An experimental and theoretical study. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Siegel K, Karlsson L, Zieger P, Baccarini A, Schmale J, Lawler M, Salter M, Leck C, Ekman AML, Riipinen I, Mohr C. Insights into the molecular composition of semi-volatile aerosols in the summertime central Arctic Ocean using FIGAERO-CIMS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2021; 1:161-175. [PMID: 34278305 PMCID: PMC8262249 DOI: 10.1039/d0ea00023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The remote central Arctic during summertime has a pristine atmosphere with very low aerosol particle concentrations. As the region becomes increasingly ice-free during summer, enhanced ocean-atmosphere fluxes of aerosol particles and precursor gases may therefore have impacts on the climate. However, large knowledge gaps remain regarding the sources and physicochemical properties of aerosols in this region. Here, we present insights into the molecular composition of semi-volatile aerosol components collected in September 2018 during the MOCCHA (Microbiology-Ocean-Cloud-Coupling in the High Arctic) campaign as part of the Arctic Ocean 2018 expedition with the Swedish Icebreaker Oden. Analysis was performed offline in the laboratory using an iodide High Resolution Time-of-Flight Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO-HRToF-CIMS). Our analysis revealed significant signal from organic and sulfur-containing compounds, indicative of marine aerosol sources, with a wide range of carbon numbers and O : C ratios. Several of the sulfur-containing compounds are oxidation products of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a gas released by phytoplankton and ice algae. Comparison of the time series of particulate and gas-phase DMS oxidation products did not reveal a significant correlation, indicative of the different lifetimes of precursor and oxidation products in the different phases. This is the first time the FIGAERO-HRToF-CIMS was used to investigate the composition of aerosols in the central Arctic. The detailed information on the molecular composition of Arctic aerosols presented here can be used for the assessment of aerosol solubility and volatility, which is relevant for understanding aerosol-cloud interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Siegel
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Linn Karlsson
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Paul Zieger
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Andrea Baccarini
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen PSI Switzerland
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Julia Schmale
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen PSI Switzerland
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Michael Lawler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine USA
| | - Matthew Salter
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Caroline Leck
- Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Annica M L Ekman
- Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Claudia Mohr
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
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19
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Liu J, Liu L, Rong H, Zhang X. The potential mechanism of atmospheric new particle formation involving amino acids with multiple functional groups. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10184-10195. [PMID: 33751015 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06472f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are recognized as significant components of atmospheric aerosols. However, their potential role in atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is poorly understood, especially aspartic acid (ASP), one of the most abundant amino acids in the atmosphere. It has not only two advantageous carboxylic acid groups but also one amino group, both of which are both effective groups enhancing NPF. Herein, the participation mechanism of ASP in the formation of new particle involving sulfuric acid (SA)-ammonia (A)-based system has been studied using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) combined with the Atmospheric Clusters Dynamic Code (ACDC). The results show that the addition of ASP molecules in the SA-A-based clusters provides a promotion on the interaction between SA and A molecules. Moreover, ACDC simulations indicate that ASP could present an obvious enhancement effect on SA-A-based cluster formation rates. Meanwhile, the enhancement strength R presents a positive dependence on [ASP] and a negative dependence on [SA] and [A]. Besides, the enhancement effect of ASP is compared with that of malonic acid (MOA) with two carboxylic acid groups (Chemosphere, 2018, 203, 26-33), and ASP presents a more obvious enhancement effect than MOA. The mechanism of NPF indicates that ASP could contribute to cluster formation as a "participator" which is different from the "catalytic" role of MOA at 238 K. These new insights are helpful to understand the mechanism of NPF involving organic compounds with multiple functional groups, especially the abundant amino acids, such as the ASP, in the urban/suburban areas with intensive human activities and industrial productions and therefore the abundant sources of amino acids. Furthermore, the NPF of the SA-A-based system involving amino acid should be considered when assessing the environmental risk of amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hui Rong
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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20
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Gali NK, Stevanovic S, Brown RA, Ristovski Z, Ning Z. Role of semi-volatile particulate matter in gas-particle partitioning leading to change in oxidative potential. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116061. [PMID: 33218774 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are complex in their chemical and toxicological characteristics with sources from both primary combustion emissions and secondary oxygenated aerosol formation processes. In this study, thermal desorption of PM2.5 in association with online measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was carried out to study the role of SVOCs in its gas-particle partitioning. The mass concentrations of PM2.5, black carbon (BC) and p-PAHs downstream of a thermodenuder were measured online at different temperature settings (25, 50, 100, and 200 °C) to characterize PM physico-chemical properties. While the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and p-PAHs reduced to ∼34% at 200 °C compared to that in ambient temperature, BC mass concentration has decreased by 30% at the highest temperature. Furthermore, the submicron particle size distribution showed reduced particle number concentration in Aitken mode at 200 °C heating. The ROS, measured by Particle-into-Nitroxide-Quencher, also showed reduction and followed a similar trend with PM measurements, where the total ROS decreased by 12%, 31%, and 53% at 50 °C, 100 °C, and 200 °C, respectively, compared to the ambient sample. When a HEPA filter was included in the upstream of samples, 39% of gas phase ROS reduction was observed at 200 °C. This provided a good estimate of the contribution of SVOCs in ROS production in PM2.5, where decreased SVOCs concentration at 200 °C increased the percentage of particle surface area. This concludes that the surface chemistry of these organic coatings on the particles is important for assessing the health impacts of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Kumar Gali
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Svetlana Stevanovic
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Build Environment, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Reece Alexander Brown
- International Laboratory of Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - Zoran Ristovski
- International Laboratory of Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - Zhi Ning
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Hong Kong.
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21
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Zuo C, Zhao X, Wang H, Ma X, Zheng S, Xu F, Zhang Q. A theoretical study of hydrogen-bonded molecular clusters of sulfuric acid and organic acids with amides. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 100:328-339. [PMID: 33279046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amides, a series of significant atmospheric nitrogen-containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), can participate in new particle formation (NPF) throught interacting with sulfuric acid (SA) and organic acids. In this study, we investigated the molecular interactions of formamide (FA), acetamide (AA), N-methylformamide (MF), propanamide (PA), N-methylacetamide (MA), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with SA, acetic acid (HAC), propanoic acid (PAC), oxalic acid (OA), and malonic acid (MOA). Global minimum of clusters were obtained through the association of the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The conformational analysis, thermochemical analysis, frequency analysis, and topological analysis were conducted to determine the interactions of hydrogen-bonded molecular clusters. The heterodimers formed a hepta or octa membered ring through four different types of hydrogen bonds, and the strength of the bonds are ranked in the following order: SOH•••O > COH•••O > NH•••O > CH•••O. We also evaluated the stability of the clusters and found that the stabilization effect of amides with SA is weaker than that of amines with SA but stronger than that of ammonia (NH3) with SA in the dimer formation of nucleation process. Additionally, the nucleation capacity of SA with amides is greater than that of organic acids with amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenpeng Zuo
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China; Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xianwei Zhao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hetong Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Siyuan Zheng
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China; Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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22
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Neeman EM, Huet TR. Conformational changes in hydroxyl functional groups upon hydration: the case study of endo fenchol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2179-2185. [PMID: 33438689 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The hydration of endo-fenchol has been studied in the gas phase using a combination of Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy coupled to a supersonic jet expansion and theoretical calculations in the 2 to 20 GHz range. An endo-fencholwater complex was observed. Multi-isotopic substitutions of deuterated species have also been studied in order to confirm the identity of the observed monohydrated endo-fenchol due to the flexibility of the OH group. Herein, the structure of the observed conformer was unveiled. Water induced an alteration in the arrangement of the hydroxyl group. The observed species is stabilized by a hydrogen bond between one water molecule and the highest energy conformer of endo-fenchol, which was not observed in our previous study of the fenchol monomer. This study highlights the flexibility of alcohol molecules and the effect of the strong (O-HO) and weak (C-HO) hydrogen bonds on the stabilization of the cluster with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias M Neeman
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France.
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23
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Zhao X, Shi X, Ma X, Zuo C, Wang H, Xu F, Sun Y, Zhang Q. 2-Methyltetrol sulfate ester-initiated nucleation mechanism enhanced by common nucleation precursors: A theory study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:137987. [PMID: 32224394 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol samples from all over the word contained 2-methyltetrol sulfate ester (MTS). We investigated the role of MTS in new particle formation (NPF) with aerosol nucleation precursors, including sulfuric acid (SA), water (W), ammonia (N), methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), and trimethylamine (TMA). The analysis was performed using quantum chemical approach, kinetic calculation and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results proved that the molecular interactions in the clusters were mainly H-bonds and electrostatic interaction. The negative Gibbs free energy changes for all the studied MTS-containing clusters indicated that the formation of these clusters was thermodynamically favorable. The stability of the clusters was evaluated according to the total evaporation rate. Here, (MTS)(SA) and (MTS)(W) were the most and least stable cluster, respectively. MD simulations were used for time and spatial analysis of the role of the MTS-SA system. The results indicated that MTS can self-aggregate or absorb SA molecules into clusters, larger than the size of the critical cluster (approximately 1 nm), suggesting that MTS can initiate NPF by itself or together with SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Zhao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xiangli Shi
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Chenpeng Zuo
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Hetong Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Fei Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Yanhui Sun
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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24
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Li D, Chen D, Liu F, Wang W. Role of glycine on sulfuric acid-ammonia clusters formation: Transporter or participator. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 89:125-135. [PMID: 31892385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycine (Gly) is ubiquitous in the atmosphere and plays a vital role in new particle formation (NPF). However, the potential mechanism of its on sulfuric acid (SA) - ammonia (A) clusters formation under various atmospheric conditions is still ambiguous. Herein, a (Gly)x·(SA)y·(A)z (z ≤ x + y ≤ 3) multicomponent system was investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) combined with Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC) at different temperatures and precursor concentrations. The results show that Gly, with one carboxyl (-COOH) and one amine (-NH2) group, can interact strongly with SA and A in two directions through hydrogen bonds or proton transfer. Within the relevant range of atmospheric concentrations, Gly can enhance the formation rate of SA-A-based clusters, especially at low temperature, low [SA], and median [A]. The enhancement (R) of Gly on NPF can be up to 340 at T = 218.15 K, [SA] = 104, [A] = 109, and [Gly] = 107 molecules/cm3. In addition, the main growth paths of clusters show that Gly molecules participate into cluster formation in the initial stage and eventually leave the cluster by evaporation in subsequent cluster growth at low [Gly], it acts as an important "transporter" to connect the smaller and larger cluster. With the increase of [Gly], it acts as a "participator" directly participating in NPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Dongping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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25
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Waller SE, Yang Y, Castracane E, Kreinbihl JJ, Nickson KA, Johnson CJ. Electrospray Ionization-Based Synthesis and Validation of Amine-Sulfuric Acid Clusters of Relevance to Atmospheric New Particle Formation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2267-2277. [PMID: 31506909 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is the process by which atmospheric trace gases such as sulfuric acid, ammonia, and amines cluster and grow into climatically relevant particles. The mechanism by which these particles form and grow has remained unclear, in large part due to difficulties in obtaining molecular-level information about the clusters as they grow. Mass spectrometry-based methods using electrospray ionization (ESI) as a cluster source have shed light on this process, but the produced cluster distributions have not been rigorously validated against experiments performed in atmospheric conditions. Ionic clusters are produced by ESI of solutions containing the amine and bisulfate or by spraying a sulfuric acid solution and introducing trace amounts of amine gas into the ESI environment. The amine content of clusters can be altered by increasing the amount of amine introduced into the ESI environment, and certain cluster compositions can only be made by the vapor exchange method. Both approaches are found to yield clusters with the same structures. Aminium bisulfate cluster distributions produced in a controlled and isolated ESI environment can be optimized to closely resemble those observed by chemical ionization in the CLOUD chamber at CERN. These studies indicate that clusters generated by ESI are also observed in traditional atmospheric measurements, which puts ESI mass spectrometry-based studies on firmer footing and broadens the scope of traditional mass spectrometry experiments that may be applied to NPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Waller
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Eleanor Castracane
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - John J Kreinbihl
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Kathleen A Nickson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Christopher J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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26
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Yue F, Xie Z, Zhang P, Song S, He P, Liu C, Wang L, Yu X, Kang H. The role of sulfate and its corresponding S(IV)+NO 2 formation pathway during the evolution of haze in Beijing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:741-751. [PMID: 31412477 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the role of stationary sources during the evolution of haze, we investigated sulfate formation characteristics at different stages of four haze events in Beijing, China. The mass fraction of sulfate in PM2.5 increased while that of nitrate declined slightly during the worsening process of most haze events, consistent with higher ratios of SO42-/NO3- on haze days (0.50 on average) than those on clean days (0.32 on average). Further calculations indicated that sulfate had a higher mass growth rate than nitrate during the haze-worsening process, probably due to regional transport of sulfate from heavy industrial areas accompanied by increased sulfate secondary transformation during polluted periods. We quantitatively evaluated the contribution of the S(IV) + NO2 reaction (pH-dependent) in sulfate formation during the haze evolution. The production rate (PS(IV)+NO2) of the S(IV) + NO2 pathway ranged from 1.97 × 10-4 to 5.91 (mean: 0.39) μg·m-3·h-1. Its proportion to sulfate total heterogeneous production rate (PS(IV)+NO2/Phet) was generally correlated positively with PM2.5 concentrations, indicating the relative importance of this pathway on haze days. Due to the mutual restriction between aerosol pH and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) during haze evolution, the relative contribution of the S(IV) + NO2 pathway to sulfate heterogeneous formation was generally limited to 40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fange Yue
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhouqing Xie
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Shaojie Song
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Pengzhen He
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Longquan Wang
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiawei Yu
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hui Kang
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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27
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Acelas N, Flórez E, Hadad C, Merino G, Restrepo A. A Comprehensive Picture of the Structures, Energies, and Bonding in [SO4(H2O)n]2–, n = 1–6. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8650-8656. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Acelas
- Grupo de Materiales con Impacto, Mat&mpac. Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Elizabeth Flórez
- Grupo de Materiales con Impacto, Mat&mpac. Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Cacier Hadad
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52−21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73 Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yuc, México
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52−21, Medellín, Colombia
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28
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Sulfuric acid decomposition chemistry above Junge layer in Earth's atmosphere concerning ozone depletion and healing. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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29
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Abstract
A field aerosol measurement campaign as part of the Measurements of Urban, Marine and Biogenic Air (MUMBA) campaign was conducted between 16 January 2013 and 15 February 2013 in the coastal city of Wollongong, Australia. The objectives of this research were to study the occurrence frequency, characteristics and factors that influence new particle formation processes. Particle formation and growth events were observed from particle number size distribution data in the range of 14 nm–660 nm measured using a scanning particle mobility sizer (SMPS). Four weak Class I particle formation and growth event days were observed, which is equivalent to 13% of the total observation days. The events occurred during the day, starting after 8:30 Australian Eastern Standard time with an average duration of five hours. The events also appeared to be positively linked to the prevailing easterly to north easterly sea breezes that carry pollutants from sources in and around Sydney. This suggests that photochemical reactions and a combination of oceanic and anthropogenic air masses are among the factors that influenced these events.
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30
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Wang F, Sun Y, Tao Y, Guo Y, Li Z, Zhao X, Zhou S. Pollution characteristics in a dusty season based on highly time-resolved online measurements in northwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:2545-2558. [PMID: 30293007 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the pollution characteristics and potential sources in a dusty season, an online analyzer was used to measure trace gases and major water-soluble ions in PM10 from April 1st to May 29th, 2011 in Lanzhou. The average concentrations of HONO, HNO3, HCl, SO2 and NH3 were 0.93, 1.16, 0.48, 9.29 and 5.54 μg/m3, respectively, and 2.8, 2.76, 8.28 and 2.48 μg/m3 for Cl-, NO3-, SO42- and NH4+. In the non-dust period, diurnal variations of SO42-, NO3- and their gaseous precursors showed similar change trend. NH4+ showed unimodal pattern whereas NH3 illustrated a bimodal pattern. HCl and Cl- showed an opposite diurnal pattern. In the dust event, temporal profiles of HCl and Cl-, SO2 and SO42- all presented similar change trend, and SO42- and Cl- preceded dust ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) 13 h. The ratios of NO3- to SO42- were 0.65 in the non-dust period and 0.31 in the dust event. In the dust event, the sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) was a factor of 1.33 greater than that in the non-dust period, and [SO42-]/[SO2] was 2.31 times of that in the non-dust period. The source apportionment using Probabilistic Matrix Factorization (PMF) suggested that fugitive dust (58.09%), secondary aerosols (33.98%), and biomass burning (7.93%) were the major sources in the non-dust period whereas dust (67.01%), salt lake (29.68%), biomass burning (0.8%), and motor vehicle (2.51%) were the primary sources in the dust event. Concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) model indicated that NO3-, Cl- and K+ could be regarded as local source species, the potential sources of Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentrated in the two large areas with the one covered in the junction areas of Xinjiang, Qinghai and Gansu and another one covered the places around in Lanzhou, the potential sources of SO42- were mainly localized in the areas adjacent to Lanzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yunlong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yongtao Guo
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhongqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science/Tien Shan Glaciological Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiuge Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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31
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Ma Q, Wang L, Chu B, Ma J, He H. Contrary Role of H2O and O2 in the Kinetics of Heterogeneous Photochemical Reactions of SO2 on TiO2. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:1311-1318. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b11433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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32
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The Impact of the Electric Field on Surface Condensation of Water Vapor: Insight from Molecular Dynamics Simulation. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9010064. [PMID: 30621199 PMCID: PMC6359217 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the coupling effect of electric field strength and surface wettability on the condensation process of water vapor. Our results show that an electric field can rotate water molecules upward and restrict condensation. Formed clusters are stretched to become columns above the threshold strength of the field, causing the condensation rate to drop quickly. The enhancement of surface attraction force boosts the rearrangement of water molecules adjacent to the surface and exaggerates the threshold value for shape transformation. In addition, the contact area between clusters and the surface increases with increasing amounts of surface attraction force, which raises the condensation efficiency. Thus, the condensation rate of water vapor on a surface under an electric field is determined by competition between intermolecular forces from the electric field and the surface.
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33
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Joranger T, Kildgaard JV, Jørgensen S, Elm J, Mikkelsen KV. Benchmarking sampling methodology for calculations of Rayleigh light scattering properties of atmospheric molecular clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17274-17287. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We present four different computational methods for benchmarking the sampling and Rayleigh light scattering of hydrogen bonded atmospheric molecular clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teis Joranger
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
| | | | - Solvejg Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate
- Aarhus University
- 8000 Århus C
- Denmark
| | - Kurt V. Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
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34
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Simon A, Rapacioli M, Michoulier E, Zheng L, Korchagina K, Cuny J. Contribution of the density-functional-based tight-binding scheme to the description of water clusters: methods, applications and extension to bulk systems. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2018.1554903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse and CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - M. Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse and CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - E. Michoulier
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse and CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats et Réactivité LCAR/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse and CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - L. Zheng
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse and CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - K. Korchagina
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse and CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - J. Cuny
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse and CNRS, Toulouse, France
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35
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Yang Y, Waller SE, Kreinbihl JJ, Johnson CJ. Direct Link between Structure and Hydration in Ammonium and Aminium Bisulfate Clusters Implicated in Atmospheric New Particle Formation. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5647-5652. [PMID: 30203654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The acid-base chemistry of amines and sulfuric acid promotes growth in the early stages of atmospheric new particle formation, with more basic amines enhancing growth rates. Hydration of these particles has been proposed to depend on acidity or basicity but is difficult to quantify; therefore, the role of water in this process is not well understood. Using tandem mass spectrometry coupled to a temperature-controlled ion trap, we show that water uptake by aminium bisulfate clusters depends on the total number of free hydrogen bond donors in the cluster and is unaffected by the interchange of amines featuring the same number of substituents but differing gas-phase basicity. Analyzing this trend reveals site-specific propensities for hydration. These results indicate that hydration is determined by structural factors and that reported dependences on acidity or basicity arise from the weaker correlation between the number of hydrogen bond donors of amines and their gas-phase basicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Sarah E Waller
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - John J Kreinbihl
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Christopher J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , 100 Nicolls Road , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
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36
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Yang W, Ma Q, Liu Y, Ma J, Chu B, Wang L, He H. Role of NH3 in the Heterogeneous Formation of Secondary Inorganic Aerosols on Mineral Oxides. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6311-6320. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b05130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qingxin Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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37
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Heine N, Arata C, Goldstein AH, Houle FA, Wilson KR. Multiphase Mechanism for the Production of Sulfuric Acid from SO 2 by Criegee Intermediates Formed During the Heterogeneous Reaction of Ozone with Squalene. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3504-3510. [PMID: 29883127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a new multiphase reaction mechanism by which Criegee intermediates (CIs), formed by ozone reactions at an alkene surface, convert SO2 to SO3 to produce sulfuric acid, a precursor for new particle formation (NPF). During the heterogeneous ozone reaction, in the presence of 220 ppb SO2, an unsaturated aerosol (squalene) undergoes rapid chemical erosion, which is accompanied by NPF. A kinetic model predicts that the mechanism for chemical erosion and NPF originate from a common elementary step (CI + SO2) that produces both gas phase SO3 and small ketones. At low relative humidity (RH = 5%), 20% of the aerosol mass is lost, with 17% of the ozone-surface reactions producing SO3. At RH = 60%, the aerosol shrinks by 30%, and the yield of SO3 is <5%. This multiphase formation mechanism of H2SO4 by CIs is discussed in the context of indoor air quality and atmospheric chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Heine
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Caleb Arata
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Allen H Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Frances A Houle
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Kevin R Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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38
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Khan MAH, Percival CJ, Caravan RL, Taatjes CA, Shallcross DE. Criegee intermediates and their impacts on the troposphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:437-453. [PMID: 29480909 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00585g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Criegee intermediates (CIs), carbonyl oxides formed in ozonolysis of alkenes, play key roles in the troposphere. The decomposition of CIs can be a significant source of OH to the tropospheric oxidation cycle especially during nighttime and winter months. A variety of model-measurement studies have estimated surface-level stabilized Criegee intermediate (sCI) concentrations on the order of 1 × 104 cm-3 to 1 × 105 cm-3, which makes a non-negligible contribution to the oxidising capacity in the terrestrial boundary layer. The reactions of sCI with the water monomer and the water dimer have been found to be the most important bimolecular reactions to the tropospheric sCI loss rate, at least for the smallest carbonyl oxides; the products from these reactions (e.g. hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide, HMHP) are also of importance to the atmospheric oxidation cycle. The sCI can oxidise SO2 to form SO3, which can go on to form a significant amount of H2SO4 which is a key atmospheric nucleation species and therefore vital to the formation of clouds. The sCI can also react with carboxylic acids, carbonyl compounds, alcohols, peroxy radicals and hydroperoxides, and the products of these reactions are likely to be highly oxygenated species, with low vapour pressures, that can lead to nucleation and SOA formation over terrestrial regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A H Khan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - C J Percival
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - R L Caravan
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Mailstop 9055, Livermore, California, 94551 USA
| | - C A Taatjes
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Mailstop 9055, Livermore, California, 94551 USA
| | - D E Shallcross
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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39
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Chen S, Zhao Y, Zhang R. Formation Mechanism of Atmospheric Ammonium Bisulfate: Hydrogen-Bond-Promoted Nearly Barrierless Reactions of SO3
with NH3
and H2
O. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:967-972. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunwei Chen
- Department of Physics; City University of Hong Kon; 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Physics; City University of Hong Kon; 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- Department of Physics; City University of Hong Kon; 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
- Shenzhen Research Institut; City University of Hong Kong; Shenzhen China
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40
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Julin J, Murphy BN, Patoulias D, Fountoukis C, Olenius T, Pandis SN, Riipinen I. Impacts of Future European Emission Reductions on Aerosol Particle Number Concentrations Accounting for Effects of Ammonia, Amines, and Organic Species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:692-700. [PMID: 29185762 PMCID: PMC6056894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although they are currently unregulated, atmospheric ultrafine particles (<100 nm) pose health risks because of, e.g., their capability to penetrate deep into the respiratory system. Ultrafine particles, often minor contributors to atmospheric particulate mass, typically dominate aerosol particle number concentrations. We simulated the response of particle number concentrations over Europe to recent estimates of future emission reductions of aerosol particles and their precursors. We used the chemical transport model PMCAMx-UF, with novel updates including state-of-the-art descriptions of ammonia and dimethylamine new particle formation (NPF) pathways and the condensation of organic compounds onto particles. These processes had notable impacts on atmospheric particle number concentrations. All three emission scenarios (current legislation, optimized emissions, and maximum technically feasible reductions) resulted in substantial (10-50%) decreases in median particle number concentrations over Europe. Consistent reductions were predicted in Central Europe, while Northern Europe exhibited smaller reductions or even increased concentrations. Motivated by the improved NPF descriptions for ammonia and methylamines, we placed special focus on the potential to improve air quality by reducing agricultural emissions, which are a major source of these species. Agricultural emission controls showed promise in reducing ultrafine particle number concentrations, although the change is nonlinear with particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Julin
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University , SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland , FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Benjamin N Murphy
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park , Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - David Patoulias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras , GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Fountoukis
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation , P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tinja Olenius
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University , SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Spyros N Pandis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras , GR-26504, Patras, Greece
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology , GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University , SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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41
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42
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Dierking CW, Zurheide F, Zeuch T, Med J, Parez S, Slavíček P. Revealing isomerism in sodium-water clusters: Photoionization spectra of Na(H2O)n (n = 2–90). J Chem Phys 2017; 146:244303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4986520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph W. Dierking
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Zurheide
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Zeuch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jakub Med
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Parez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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43
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Ling J, Ding X, Li Z, Yang J. First-Principles Study of Molecular Clusters Formed by Nitric Acid and Ammonia. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:661-668. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfei Ling
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xunlei Ding
- Department
of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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44
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Kumar Deb D, Sarkar B. Theoretical investigation of gas-phase molecular complex formation between 2-hydroxy thiophenol and a water molecule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:2466-2478. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08442g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic study of the interaction energies and hydrogen bonding interaction of a gas-phase molecular complex between 2-hydroxy thiophenol and a water molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojit Kumar Deb
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Advanced Studies
- North-Eastern Hill University
- Shillong 793022
- India
| | - Biplab Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Advanced Studies
- North-Eastern Hill University
- Shillong 793022
- India
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Korchagina KA, Simon A, Rapacioli M, Spiegelman F, Cuny J. Structural Characterization of Sulfur-Containing Water Clusters Using a Density-Functional Based Tight-Binding Approach. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9089-9100. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia A. Korchagina
- Laboratoire de Chimie et
Physique Quantiques (LCPQ), Université de Toulouse III [UPS] and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Aude Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et
Physique Quantiques (LCPQ), Université de Toulouse III [UPS] and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathias Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et
Physique Quantiques (LCPQ), Université de Toulouse III [UPS] and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Fernand Spiegelman
- Laboratoire de Chimie et
Physique Quantiques (LCPQ), Université de Toulouse III [UPS] and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Cuny
- Laboratoire de Chimie et
Physique Quantiques (LCPQ), Université de Toulouse III [UPS] and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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47
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He G, He H. DFT studies on the heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 by oxygen functional groups on graphene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:31691-31697. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06665h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of SO2 to SO3 on oxygen-functionalized graphene under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
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48
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Sullivan RC, Crippa P, Hallar AG, Clarisse L, Whitburn S, Van Damme M, Leaitch WR, Walker JT, Khlystov A, Pryor SC. Using satellite-based measurements to explore spatiotemporal scales and variability of drivers of new particle formation. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2016; 121:12217-12235. [PMID: 32803203 PMCID: PMC7425633 DOI: 10.1002/2016jd025568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF) can potentially alter regional climate by increasing aerosol particle (hereafter particle) number concentrations and ultimately cloud condensation nuclei. The large scales on which NPF is manifest indicate potential to use satellite-based (inherently spatially averaged) measurements of atmospheric conditions to diagnose the occurrence of NPF and NPF characteristics. We demonstrate the potential for using satellite-based measurements of insolation (UV), trace gas concentrations (sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ammonia (NH3), formaldehyde (HCHO), and ozone (O3)), aerosol optical properties (aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström exponent (AE)), and a proxy of biogenic volatile organic compound emissions (leaf area index (LAI) and temperature (T)) as predictors for NPF characteristics: formation rates, growth rates, survival probabilities, and ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations at five locations across North America. NPF at all sites is most frequent in spring, exhibits a one-day autocorrelation, and is associated with low condensational sink (AOD × AE) and HCHO concentrations, and high UV. However, there are important site-to-site variations in NPF frequency and characteristics, and in which of the predictor variables (particularly gas concentrations) significantly contribute to the explanatory power of regression models built to predict those characteristics. This finding may provide a partial explanation for the reported spatial variability in skill of simple generalized nucleation schemes in reproducing observed NPF. In contrast to more simple proxies developed in prior studies (e.g., based on AOD, AE, SO2, and UV), use of additional predictors (NO2, NH3, HCHO, LAI, T, and O3) increases the explained temporal variance of UFP concentrations at all sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Sullivan
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - P. Crippa
- COMET, School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A. G. Hallar
- Storm Peak Laboratory, Desert Research Institute, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, USA; Atmospheric Science Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - L. Clarisse
- Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. Whitburn
- Storm Peak Laboratory, Desert Research Institute, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, USA; Atmospheric Science Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - M. Van Damme
- Storm Peak Laboratory, Desert Research Institute, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, USA; Atmospheric Science Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - J. T. Walker
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - A. Khlystov
- Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - S. C. Pryor
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA; Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Zhang R, Wang G, Guo S, Zamora ML, Ying Q, Lin Y, Wang W, Hu M, Wang Y. Formation of urban fine particulate matter. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3803-55. [PMID: 25942499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Zhang
- §State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Song Guo
- §State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | - Min Hu
- §State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- #Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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50
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Estimating the Lower Limit of the Impact of Amines on Nucleation in the Earth’s Atmosphere. ENTROPY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/e17052764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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