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Marquesine RR, Canaveze Y, Ferreira BG. Ontogenetic differences in sun and shade galls of Clinodiplosis profusa on Eugenia uniflora leaves and the cytological antioxidant mechanisms in gall cells. PROTOPLASMA 2024:10.1007/s00709-024-01973-8. [PMID: 39078416 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The gall-host Eugenia uniflora (Myrtaceae) is adaptable to different light conditions, enabling leaf production and survival in both sun and shade. Leaves of E. uniflora in shaded environments have more mesophyll layers, and galls of Clinodiplosis profusa (Cecidomyiidae) are larger and wider. Based on these previous observations, this study investigated the morphogenesis of galls induced by C. profusa on leaves of E. uniflora in different light conditions, revealing if the galls have a potential for acclimation, as observed with leaves. For this purpose, we compared the anatomical, histometric, and histochemical development of leaves and galls at different stages of development in sun and shade environments. Additionally, we analyzed the cytological features of the tissues composing the mature gall walls. Cells of shade galls expanded more toward the end of the developmental phase, which may explain the larger volume found for shade galls in a previous study. However, during the mature phase, these galls showed no significant differences in tissue thickness and final cell elongation in the contrasting light conditions. In the ultrastructural analyses, mature galls showed a gradient distinguishing the outer and inner parenchyma cells. The inner parenchyma had nutritive cells, with dense cytoplasm and abundant organelles. A higher accumulation of starch grains in nutritive cells, with evidence of hydrolysis of starch grains detected in the innermost layers leads to the accumulation of reducing sugars, which, with the presence of plastoglobules and protein bodies, are important mechanisms of oxidative stress dissipation in the cells in contact with the gall inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayssa Rosa Marquesine
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yve Canaveze
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Garcia Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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2
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Rubtsova VI, Chun Y, Kim J, Ramirez CB, Jung S, Choi W, Kelly ME, Lopez ML, Cassidy E, Rushing G, Aguiar DJ, Lau WL, Ahdoot RS, Smith M, Edinger AL, Lee SG, Jang C, Lee G. Circulating biomarkers of kidney angiomyolipoma and cysts in tuberous sclerosis complex patients. iScience 2024; 27:110265. [PMID: 39027368 PMCID: PMC11255849 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) develop multi-organ disease manifestations, with kidney angiomyolipomas (AML) and cysts being one of the most common and deadly. Early and regular AML/cyst detection and monitoring are vital to lower TSC patient morbidity and mortality. However, the current standard of care involves imaging-based methods that are not designed for rapid screening, posing challenges for early detection. To identify potential diagnostic screening biomarkers of AML/cysts, we performed global untargeted metabolomics in blood samples from 283 kidney AML/cyst-positive or -negative TSC patients using mass spectrometry. We identified 7 highly sensitive chemical features, including octanoic acid, that predict kidney AML/cysts in TSC patients. Patients with elevated octanoic acid have lower levels of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), suggesting that dysregulated peroxisome activity leads to overproduction of octanoic acid via VLCFA oxidation. These data highlight AML/cysts blood biomarkers for TSC patients and offers valuable metabolic insights into the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara I. Rubtsova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yujin Chun
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joohwan Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cuauhtemoc B. Ramirez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wonsuk Choi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Miranda E. Kelly
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Miranda L. Lopez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Wei Ling Lau
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca S. Ahdoot
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Moyra Smith
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aimee L. Edinger
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sang-Guk Lee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gina Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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3
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Chen R, Lu K, Yang L, Jiang J, Li L. Peroxin MoPex22 Regulates the Import of Peroxisomal Matrix Proteins and Appressorium-Mediated Plant Infection in Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:143. [PMID: 38392815 PMCID: PMC10890347 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae, the pathogen responsible for rice blast disease, utilizes specialized infection structures known as appressoria to breach the leaf cuticle and establish intracellular, infectious hyphae. Our study demonstrates that the peroxin MoPex22 is crucial for appressorium function, specifically for the development of primary penetration hyphae. The ∆Mopex22 mutant exhibited slow growth, reduced aerial hyphae, and almost complete loss of virulence. Specifically, despite the mutant's capability to form appressoria, it showed abnormalities during appressorium development, including reduced turgor, increased permeability of the appressorium wall, failure to form septin rings, and significantly decreased ability to penetrate host cells. Additionally, there was a delay in the degradation of lipid droplets during conidial germination and appressorium development. Consistent with these findings, the ΔMopex22 mutant showed an inefficient utilization of long-chain fatty acids and defects in cell wall integrity. Moreover, our findings indicate that MoPex22 acts as an anchor for MoPex4, facilitating the localization of MoPex4 to peroxisomes. Together with MoPex4, it affects the function of MoPex5, thus regulating the import of peroxisomal matrix proteins. Overall, these results highlight the essential role of MoPex22 in regulating the transport of peroxisomal matrix proteins, which affect fatty acid metabolism, glycerol accumulation, cell wall integrity, growth, appressorium development, and the pathogenicity of M. oryzae. This study provides valuable insights into the significance of peroxin functions in fungal biology and appressorium-mediated plant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangrang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Kailun Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Lina Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jihong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Lianwei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
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Kim YH, Park NY, Jo DS, Bae JE, Kim JB, Park K, Jeong K, Kim P, Yeom E, Cho DH. Inhibition of VHL by VH298 Accelerates Pexophagy by Activation of HIF-1α in HeLa Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:482. [PMID: 38257395 PMCID: PMC10819186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a pivotal biological process responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of intracellular organelles. Yet the molecular intricacies of peroxisomal autophagy (pexophagy) remain largely elusive. From a ubiquitin-related chemical library for screening, we identified several inhibitors of the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) E3 ligase, including VH298, thereby serving as potent inducers of pexophagy. In this study, we observed that VH298 stimulates peroxisomal degradation by ATG5 dependently and escalates the ubiquitination of the peroxisomal membrane protein ABCD3. Interestingly, the ablation of NBR1 is similar to the curtailed peroxisomal degradation in VH298-treated cells. We also found that the pexophagy induced by VH298 is impeded upon the suppression of gene expression by the translation inhibitor cycloheximide. Beyond VHL inhibition, we discovered that roxadustat, a direct inhibitor of HIF-α prolyl hydroxylase, is also a potent inducer of pexophagy. Furthermore, we found that VH298-mediated pexophagy is blocked by silencing HIF-1α. In conclusion, our findings suggest that VH298 promotes pexophagy by modulating VHL-mediated HIF-α transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.)
| | - Na Yeon Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.)
| | - Doo Sin Jo
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Bae
- KNU LAMP Research Center, KNU Institute of Basic Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Bum Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.)
| | - Kyuhee Park
- Bio Industry Department, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwiwan Jeong
- Bio Industry Department, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Pansoo Kim
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbyul Yeom
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.)
- KNU LAMP Research Center, KNU Institute of Basic Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bio Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (Y.H.K.)
- ORGASIS Corp., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
- Organelle Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Lim JM, Anwar MA, Han HS, Koo SH, Kim KP. CREB-Regulated Transcriptional Coactivator 2 Proteome Landscape is Modulated by SREBF1. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100637. [PMID: 37648026 PMCID: PMC10522995 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) regulated transcriptional coactivator 2 (CRTC2) is a critical transcription factor that maintains glucose homeostasis by activating CREB. Energy homeostasis is maintained through multiple pathways; therefore, CRTC2 may interact with other transcription factors, particularly under metabolic stress. CRTC2 liver-specific KO mice were created, and the global proteome, phosphoproteome, and acetylome from liver tissue under high-fat diet conditions were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis. Differentially regulated proteins (DRPs) were enriched in metabolic pathways, which were subsequently corroborated through animal experiments. The consensus DRPs from these datasets were used as seed proteins to generate a protein-protein interaction network using STRING, and GeneMANIA identified fatty acid synthase as a mutually relevant protein. In an additional local-protein-protein interaction analysis of CRTC2 and fatty acid synthase with DRPs, sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) was the common mediator. CRTC2-CREB and SREBF1 are transcription factors, and DNA-binding motif analysis showed that multiple CRTC2-CREB-regulated genes possess SREBF1-binding motifs. This indicates the possible induction by the CRTC2-SREBF1 complex, which is validated through luciferase assay. Therefore, the CRTC2-SREBF1 complex potentially modulates the transcription of multiple proteins that fine-tune cellular metabolism under metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Lim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hye-Sook Han
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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6
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Ahn SH, Borden LK, Bentley WE, Raghavan SR. Cell-Like Capsules with "Smart" Compartments. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206693. [PMID: 36895073 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have inner compartments (organelles), each with distinct properties and functions. One mimic of this architecture, based on biopolymers, is the multicompartment capsule (MCC). Here, MCCs in which the inner compartments are chemically unique and "smart," i.e., responsive to distinct stimuli in an orthogonal manner are created. Specifically, one compartment alone is induced to degrade when the MCC is contacted with an enzyme while other compartments remain unaffected. Similarly, just one compartment gets degraded upon contact with reactive oxygen species generated from hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). And thirdly, one compartment alone is degraded by an external, physical stimulus, namely, by irradiating the MCC with ultraviolet (UV) light. All these specific responses are achieved without resorting to complicated chemistry to create the compartments: the multivalent cation used to crosslink the biopolymer alginate (Alg) is simply altered. Compartments of Alg crosslinked by Ca2+ are shown to be sensitive to enzymes (alginate lyases) but not to H2 O2 or UV, whereas the reverse is the case with Alg/Fe3+ compartments. These results imply the ability to selectively burst open a compartment in an MCC "on-demand" (i.e., as and when needed) and using biologically relevant stimuli. The results are then extended to a sequential degradation, where compartments in an MCC are degraded one after another, leaving behind an empty MCC lumen. Collectively, this work advances the MCC as a platform that not only emulates key features of cellular architecture, but can also begin to capture rudimentary cell-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hyun Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Leah K Borden
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - William E Bentley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Srinivasa R Raghavan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Peroxin Pex14/17 Is Required for Trap Formation, and Plays Pleiotropic Roles in Mycelial Development, Stress Response, and Secondary Metabolism in Arthrobotrys oligospora. mSphere 2023; 8:e0001223. [PMID: 36786584 PMCID: PMC10117088 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00012-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The peroxins encoded by PEX genes involved in peroxisome biogenesis play a crucial role in cellular metabolism and pathogenicity in fungi. Herein, we characterized a filamentous fungus-specific peroxin Pex14/17 in the Arthrobotrys oligospora, a representative species of nematode-trapping fungi. The deletion of AoPEX14/17 resulted in a remarkable reduction in mycelial growth, conidia yield, trap formation, and pathogenicity. Compared with the wild-type strain, the ΔAopex14/17 mutant exhibited more lipid droplet and reactive oxygen species accumulation accompanied with a significant decrease in fatty acid utilization and tolerance to oxidative stress. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that AoPEX14/17 was involved in the regulation of metabolism, genetic information processing, environmental information processing, and cellular processes. In subcellular morphology, the deletion of AoPEX14/17 resulted in a decrease in the number of cell nuclei, autophagosomes, and Woronin bodies. Metabolic profile analysis showed that AoPex14/17 affects the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that AoPex14/17 interacted with AoPex14 but not with AoPex13. Taken together, our results suggest that Pex14/17 is the main factor for modulating growth, development, and pathogenicity in A. oligospora. IMPORTANCE Peroxisome biogenesis genes (PEX) play an important role in growth, development, and pathogenicity in pathogenic fungi. However, the roles of PEX genes remain largely unknown in nematode-trapping (NT) fungi. Here, we provide direct evidence that AoPex14/17 regulates mycelial growth, conidiation, trap formation, autophagy, endocytosis, catalase activity, stress response to oxidants, lipid metabolism, and reactive oxygen species production. Transcriptome analysis and metabolic profile suggested that AoPex14/17 is involved in multiple cellular processes and the regulation of secondary metabolism. Therefore, our study extends the functions of PEX genes, which helps to elucidate the mechanism of organelle development and trap formation in NT fungi and lays the foundation for the development of efficient nematode biocontrol agents.
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Wang X, Chen H, Bühler K, Chen Y, Liu W, Hu J. Proteomics analysis reveals promotion effect of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on mammary gland development and lactation of primiparous sows during gestation. J Proteomics 2022; 268:104716. [PMID: 36070816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1α,25(OH)2VD3 is the most active form of vitamin D3 in animals, and it plays an important role in regulating mineral metabolism and reproduction. In this study, 140 crossbred gilts (Landrace × Yorkshire) were selected, randomly divided into four groups, and fed with a commercial diet supplemented with 0, 1, 2, and 4 μg/kg of 1α,25(OH)2VD3 in the form of 1α,25(OH)2VD3-glycosides. The mammary gland tissues were sampled from sows on day 114 of gestation. The production data of sows in each group were analyzed, and the colostrum quality was evaluated. Differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in the mammary tissues were identified by tandem mass tag (TMT) technique and were verified by Western blot and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). The results showed that 4 μg/kg 1α,25(OH)2VD3-glycosides significantly promoted the piglet birth weight, weaning weight, colostrum quality, and lactation ability of primiparous sows. The proteomics analysis showed that of the identified 53,118 peptides, 48,868 were unique peptides. A total of 5029 DAPs were identified, of which 4292 DAPs contained quantitative information. Our data indicated that 1α,25(OH)2VD3 was involved in the regulation of the mammary gland development and lactation in a dose-dependent manner through multiple pathways during gestation of primiparous sows. SIGNIFICANCE: The mammary gland is an important lactation organ of female mammals. Our research aims to reveal the effect of dietary supplementation with 1α,25(OH)2VD3 on mammary gland development and lactation of primiparous sow. This study identified potential signaling pathways and DAPs involved in regulating the mammary gland development and lactation in sows. Our findings provides theoretical basis for improving the fecundity of sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan 430070, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Livestock, Wuhan 430070, China; The Breeding Swine Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haodong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan 430070, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Livestock, Wuhan 430070, China; The Breeding Swine Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kathrin Bühler
- Herbonis Animal Health GmbH, Rheinstrasse 30, CH-4302 Augst BL, Switzerland
| | - Yajing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan 430070, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Livestock, Wuhan 430070, China; The Breeding Swine Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wanghong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan 430070, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Livestock, Wuhan 430070, China; The Breeding Swine Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Junyong Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan 430070, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Livestock, Wuhan 430070, China; The Breeding Swine Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
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9
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Wu C, Zhang L, Liu B, Gao B, Huang C, Zhang J, Jin M, Wang H, Peng Y, Rice A, Hegazi E, Wilson K, Xu P, Xiao Y. Genomic features of the polyphagous cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:353. [PMID: 35525948 PMCID: PMC9080191 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08582-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis, is a highly polyphagous pest of many cultivated plants and crops in Africa and Europe. The genome of this pest will help us to further understand the molecular mechanisms of polyphagy. RESULTS Herein, the high-quality genome of S. littoralis was obtained by Pacific Bioscience (PacBio) sequencing. The assembled genome size of S. littoralis is 436.55 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 6.09 Mb, consisting of 17,207 annotated protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis shows that S. littoralis and its sibling species S. litura diverged about 5.44 million years ago. Expanded gene families were mainly involved in metabolic detoxification and tolerance to toxic xenobiotics based on GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis. Comparative genomics analysis showed that gene families involved in detoxification and chemosensation were significantly expanded in S. littoralis, representing genetic characteristics related to polyphagy and an extensive host range. CONCLUSIONS We assembled and annotated the reference genome of S. littoralis, and revealed that this pest has the genetic features of strong detoxification capacity, consistent with it being a significant risk to a wide range of host crops. These data resources will provide support for risk assessment and early warning monitoring of major polyphagous agricultural pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.,Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bojia Gao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minghui Jin
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanyue Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Annabel Rice
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Esmat Hegazi
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22542, Egypt
| | - Kenneth Wilson
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK. .,Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Pengjun Xu
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK. .,Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yutao Xiao
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK. .,Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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10
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Chen H, Bühler K, Zhu Y, Nie X, Liu W. Proteomics analysis reveals the effect of 1α,25(OH) 2VD 3-glycosides on development of early testes in piglets. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11341. [PMID: 34059707 PMCID: PMC8167176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
1α,25(OH)2VD3 is the most active form of VD3 in animals. It plays an important role in regulating mineral metabolism but also in reproduction. Testes are the main reproductive organs of male mammals. Our research aims to reveal the effect of 1α,25(OH)2VD3-glycosides on development of early testes in piglets. 140 weaned 21-day old piglets were selected. The piglets were randomly divided into four groups and were fed a commercial diet supplemented with 0, 1, 2 and 4 μg/kg of 1α,25(OH)2VD3, provided as 1α,25(OH)2VD3-glycosides. Sixty days after the start of the experiment, at piglet age 82 days, testes were harvested. The morphology and histology of early testicular development were assessed. In addition, the proteomic TMT/iTRAQ labelling technique was used to analyse the protein profile of the testes in each group. Western blotting was applied to verify the target of differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). The analysis of morphology and histology of testes showed that a certain concentration of 1α,25(OH)2VD3-glycosides had a positive and significant effect on testicular development. And the results of proteomics analysis showed that of the identified 132,715 peptides, 122,755 were unique peptides. 7852 proteins, of which 6573 proteins contain quantitative information. Screening for DAPs focused on proteins closely related to the regulation of testicular development such as steroid hormone synthesis, steroid biosynthesis, peroxisome and fatty acid metabolism pathways. These results indicated that 1α,25(OH)2VD3 is involved in the regulation of early testicular development in piglets. At the same time, these findings provide valuable information for the proteins involved in the regulation of testicular development, and help to better understand the mechanisms of 1α,25(OH)2VD3 in regulating the development of piglets’ testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Livestock, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Breeding Swine Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kathrin Bühler
- Herbonis Animal Health GmbH, Rheinstrasse 30, CH-4302, Augst BL, Switzerland
| | - Yan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiongwei Nie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wanghong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hongshan District, No.1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Livestock, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,The Breeding Swine Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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11
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Wang Z, Feng J, Jiang Y, Xu X, Xu L, Zhou Q, Huang B. MrPEX33 is involved in infection-related morphogenesis and pathogenicity of Metarhizium robertsii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1079-1090. [PMID: 33443633 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes, being indispensable organelles, play an important role in different biological processes in eukaryotes. PEX33, a filamentous fungus-specific peroxin of the docking machinery of peroxisomes, is involved in the virulence and development of other fungal pathogens. However, it is not clear whether PEX33 is necessary for the pathogenicity and development of an insect pathogenic fungus. In the present study, we report the presence of homologs of PEX33, namely MrPEX33 (MAA_05331), in the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium robertsii. An M. robertsii transgenic strain expressing the fusion protein with MrPEX33-GFP and mCherry-PTS1 showed that MrPEX33 localizes to peroxisomes. The results also demonstrated that MrPEX33 is involved in the peroxisomal import pathway by peroxisomal targeting signals. Targeted gene deletion of MrPEX33 led to a significant decline in the asexual sporulation capacity, which was accompanied by downregulation of several conidiation-associated genes, such as wetA, abaA, and brlA. More importantly, our bioassay results showed that the virulence of ∆MrPEX33 mutants, against Galleria mellonella through cuticle infection, was greatly reduced. This was further accompanied by a significant drop in appressorium formation and cuticle penetration. Additionally, ∆MrPEX33 mutants showed a significant decrease in tolerance to cell wall integrity and oxidative stress. Taken together, our results suggest that MrPEX33 is involved in the cuticle infection-related morphogenesis and pathogenicity. KEY POINTS: • MrPEX33 is a specific peroxin of the docking machinery of peroxisomes. • MrPEX33 localizes to peroxisomes and is involved in the import of matrix proteins. • MrPEX33 is involved in the pathogenicity associated with cuticle infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangxun Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jianyu Feng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiuzhen Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Liuyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Prevention and Control of Pine Wood Nematode Disease, Anhui Academy of Forestry, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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12
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Zhao X, Tang B, Xu J, Wang N, Zhou Z, Zhang J. A SET domain-containing protein involved in cell wall integrity signaling and peroxisome biogenesis is essential for appressorium formation and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 145:103474. [PMID: 33007450 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The chromatin modulator Set5 plays important regulatory roles in both cell growth and stress responses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, its function in filamentous fungi remains poorly understood. Here, we report the pathogenicity-related gene CgSET5 discovered in a T-DNA insertional mutant M285 of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that CgSET5 encodes a SET domain-containing protein that is a homolog of the budding yeast S. cerevisiae Set5. CgSET5 is important for hyphae growth and conidiation and is necessary for appressorium formation and pathogenicity. CgSet5 regulates appressorium formation in a mitogen-activated protein kinase-independent manner. Inactivation of CgSET5 resulted in a significant reduction in chitin content within the cell wall, indicating CgSet5 plays a vital role in cell wall integrity. CgSet5 is involved in peroxisome biogenesis. We identified CgSet5 as the histone H4 methyltransferase, which methylates the critical H4 lysine residues 5 and 8 in C. gloeosporioides. We carried out a yeast two-hybrid screen to find CgSet5 interacting partners. We found CgSet5 putatively interacts with an inorganic pyrophosphatase named CgPpa1, which co-localized in the cytoplasm with CgSet5. Finally, CgPpa1 was found to strongly interact with CgSet5 in vivo during appressorium formation by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. These data corroborate a complex control function of CgSet5 acting as a core pathogenic regulator, which connects cell wall integrity and peroxisome biogenesis in C. gloeosporioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzhu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Bozeng Tang
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jie Xu
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Na Wang
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Zongshan Zhou
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, China
| | - Junxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng 125100, China.
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13
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Imoto Y, Itoh K, Fujiki Y. Molecular Basis of Mitochondrial and Peroxisomal Division Machineries. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5452. [PMID: 32751702 PMCID: PMC7432047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria and peroxisomes are ubiquitous subcellular organelles that are highly dynamic and possess a high degree of plasticity. These organelles proliferate through division of pre-existing organelles. Studies on yeast, mammalian cells, and unicellular algae have led to a surprising finding that mitochondria and peroxisomes share the components of their division machineries. At the heart of the mitochondrial and peroxisomal division machineries is a GTPase dynamin-like protein, Dnm1/Drp1, which forms a contractile ring around the neck of the dividing organelles. During division, Dnm1/Drp1 functions as a motor protein and constricts the membrane. This mechanochemical work is achieved by utilizing energy from GTP hydrolysis. Over the last two decades, studies have focused on the structure and assembly of Dnm1/Drp1 molecules around the neck. However, the regulation of GTP during the division of mitochondrion and peroxisome is not well understood. Here, we review the current understanding of Dnm1/Drp1-mediated divisions of mitochondria and peroxisomes, exploring the mechanisms of GTP regulation during the Dnm1/Drp1 function, and provide new perspectives on their potential contribution to mitochondrial and peroxisomal biogenesis.
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Grants
- 14J04556 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Fellowships
- P24247038, JP25112518, JP25116717, JP26116007, JP15K14511, JP15K21743, JP17H03675 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuta Imoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Kie Itoh
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Yukio Fujiki
- Division of Organelle Homeostasis, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Institute of Rheological Functions of Food, Hisayama-cho, Fukuoka 811-2501, Japan
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14
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Germain K, Kim PK. Pexophagy: A Model for Selective Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020578. [PMID: 31963200 PMCID: PMC7013971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The removal of damaged or superfluous organelles from the cytosol by selective autophagy is required to maintain organelle function, quality control and overall cellular homeostasis. Precisely how substrate selectivity is achieved, and how individual substrates are degraded during selective autophagy in response to both extracellular and intracellular cues is not well understood. The aim of this review is to highlight pexophagy, the autophagic degradation of peroxisomes, as a model for selective autophagy. Peroxisomes are dynamic organelles whose abundance is rapidly modulated in response to metabolic demands. Peroxisomes are routinely turned over by pexophagy for organelle quality control yet can also be degraded by pexophagy in response to external stimuli such as amino acid starvation or hypoxia. This review discusses the molecular machinery and regulatory mechanisms governing substrate selectivity during both quality-control pexophagy and pexophagy in response to external stimuli, in yeast and mammalian systems. We draw lessons from pexophagy to infer how the cell may coordinate the degradation of individual substrates by selective autophagy across different cellular cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Germain
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Peter K. Kim
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-813-5983
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15
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Wang L, Zhang L, Liu C, Sun S, Liu A, Liang Y, Yu J. The roles of FgPEX2 and FgPEX12 in virulence and lipid metabolism in Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 135:103288. [PMID: 31704369 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a wheat disease with a worldwide prevalence, caused by Fusarium graminearum. Peroxisomes are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and are involved in various biochemical phenomena. FgPEX2 and FgPEX12 encode RING-finger peroxins PEX2 and PEX12 in F. graminearum. This study aimed to functionally characterize FgPEX2 and FgPEX12 in F. graminearum. We constructed deletion mutants of FgPEX2 and FgPEX12 via homologous recombination. The ΔPEX2 and ΔPEX12 mutants displayed defects in sexual and asexual development, virulence, cell wall integrity (CWI), and lipid metabolism. Deletion of FgPEX2 and FgPEX12 significantly decreased deoxynivalenol production. Furthermore, fluorescence microscopic analysis of the subcellular localization of GFP-PMP70 and GFP-HEX1 revealed that FgPEX2 and FgPEX12 maintain Woronin bodies. These results show that FgPEX2 and FgPEX12 are required for growth, conidiation, virulence, cell wall integrity, and lipid metabolism in F. graminearum and do not influence their peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Chunjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shaohua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Aixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yuancun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jinfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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16
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Wang L, Jiang N, Wang D, Wang M. Effects of Essential Oil Citral on the Growth, Mycotoxin Biosynthesis and Transcriptomic Profile of Alternaria alternata. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11100553. [PMID: 31547106 PMCID: PMC6832348 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternaria alternata is a critical phytopathogen that causes foodborne spoilage and produces a polyketide mycotoxin, alternariol (AOH), and its derivative, alternariol monomethyl ether (AME). In this study, the inhibitory effects of the essential oil citral on the fungal growth and mycotoxin production of A. alternata were evaluated. Our findings indicated that 0.25 μL/mL (222.5 μg/mL) of citral completely suppressed mycelial growth as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Moreover, the 1/2MIC of citral could inhibit more than 97% of the mycotoxin amount. Transcriptomic profiling was performed by comparative RNA-Seq analysis of A. alternata with or without citral treatment. Out of a total of 1334 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 621 up-regulated and 713 down-regulated genes were identified under citral stress conditions. Numerous DEGs for cell survival, involved in ribosome and nucleolus biogenesis, RNA processing and metabolic processes, and protein processing, were highly expressed in response to citral. However, a number of DEGs responsible for the metabolism of several carbohydrates and amino acids, sulfate and glutathione metabolism, the metabolism of xenobiotics and transporter activity were significantly more likely to be down-regulated. Citral induced the disturbance of cell integrity through the disorder of gene expression, which was further confirmed by the fact that exposure to citral caused irreversibly deleterious disruption of fungal spores and the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. Citral perturbed the balance of oxidative stress, which was likewise verified by a reduction of total antioxidative capacity. In addition, citral was able to modulate the down-regulation of mycotoxin biosynthetic genes, including pksI and omtI. The results provide new insights for exploring inhibitory mechanisms and indicate citral as a potential antifungal and antimytoxigenic alternative for cereal storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Wang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Duo Wang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China.
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17
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A defect in the peroxisomal biogenesis in germ cells induces a spermatogenic arrest at the round spermatid stage in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9553. [PMID: 31267012 PMCID: PMC6606614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are involved in the degradation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) by β-oxidation. Besides neurological defects, peroxisomal dysfunction can also lead to testicular abnormalities. However, underlying alterations in the testes due to a peroxisomal defect are not well characterized yet. To maintain all metabolic functions, peroxisomes require an import machinery for the transport of matrix proteins. One component of this translocation machinery is PEX13. Its inactivation leads to a peroxisomal biogenesis defect. We have established a germ cell-specific KO of Pex13 to study the function of peroxisomes during spermatogenesis in mice. Exon 2 of floxed Pex13 was specifically excised in germ cells prior to meiosis by using a transgenic mouse strain carrying a STRA8 inducible Cre recombinase. Germ cell differentiation was interrupted at the round spermatid stage in Pex13 KO mice with formation of multinucleated giant cells (MNCs) and loss of mature spermatids. Due to a different cellular content in the germinal epithelium of Pex13 KO testes compared to control, whole testes biopsies were used for the analyses. Thus, differences in lipid composition and gene expression are only shown for whole testicular tissue but cannot be limited to single cells. Gas chromatography revealed an increase of shorter fatty acids and a decrease of n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-6) and n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3), the main components of sperm plasma membranes. Representative genes of the metabolite transport and peroxisomal β-oxidation were strongly down-regulated. In addition, structural components of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) were altered. To conclude, defects in the peroxisomal compartment interfere with normal spermatogenesis.
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18
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Zhang L, Wang L, Liang Y, Yu J. FgPEX4 is involved in development, pathogenicity, and cell wall integrity in Fusarium graminearum. Curr Genet 2019; 65:747-758. [PMID: 30603875 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0925-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are indispensable organelles that play critical roles in various biological processes in eukaryotic cells. PEX4, one of the peroxins, is the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. To functionally characterize roles of FgPEX4 in the phytopathogenic fungus, Fusarium graminearum, we constructed a deletion mutant of FgPEX4 (ΔPEX4) through homologous recombination. ΔPEX4 displayed reduced mycelial growth, conidiation, and the production of perithecia. ΔPEX4 was defective in pathogenicity and production of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). In addition, FgPEX4 was involved in cell wall integrity, lipid droplet accumulation, and the elimination of reactive oxygen species. Western blot analysis revealed reduced phosphorylation of Mgv1 in the ∆PEX4 mutant. Importantly, proteomics analysis indicated that protein expression levels related to protein biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, cell wall synthesis, and oxidation-reduction reactions were downregulated in ΔPEX4 compared with the wild type. Taken together, these results demonstrate that FgPEX4 is important for development, pathogenicity, and cell wall integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yuancun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Jinfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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19
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Zhou L, Yu M, Arshad M, Wang W, Lu Y, Gong J, Gu Y, Li P, Xu L. Coordination Among Lipid Droplets, Peroxisomes, and Mitochondria Regulates Energy Expenditure Through the CIDE-ATGL-PPARα Pathway in Adipocytes. Diabetes 2018; 67:1935-1948. [PMID: 29986925 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis is maintained by an interplay among tissues, organs, intracellular organelles, and molecules. Cidea and Cidec are lipid droplet (LD)-associated proteins that promote lipid storage in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT). Using ob/ob/Cidea-/- , ob/ob/Cidec-/- , and ob/ob/Cidea-/-/Cidec-/- mouse models and CIDE-deficient cells, we studied metabolic regulation during severe obesity to identify ways to maintain metabolic homeostasis and promote antiobesity effects. The phenotype of ob/ob/Cidea-/- mice was similar to that of ob/ob mice in terms of serum parameters, adipose tissues, lipid storage, and gene expression. Typical lipodystrophy accompanied by insulin resistance occurred in ob/ob/Cidec-/- mice, with ectopic storage of lipids in the BAT and liver. Interestingly, double deficiency of Cidea and Cidec activated both WAT and BAT to consume more energy and to increase insulin sensitivity compared with their behavior in the other three mouse models. Increased lipolysis, which occurred on the LD surfaces and released fatty acids, led to activated β-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation in peroxisomes and mitochondria in CIDE-deficient adipocytes. The coordination among LDs, peroxisomes, and mitochondria was regulated by adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Double deficiency of Cidea and Cidec activated energy consumption in both WAT and BAT, which provided new insights into therapeutic approaches for obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wenmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangnan Gu
- Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Cao H, Huang P, Yan Y, Shi Y, Dong B, Liu X, Ye L, Lin F, Lu J. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Crf1 is required for development and pathogenicity of the rice blast fungus by regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3427-3441. [PMID: 30126031 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pyricularia oryzae is a plant pathogen causing rice blast, a serious disease spreading in cultivated rice globally. Transcription factors play important regulatory roles in fungal development and pathogenicity. Here, we characterized the biological functions of Crf1, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, in the development and pathogenicity of P. oryzae with functional genetics, molecular and biochemical approaches. We found that CRF1 is necessary for virulence and plays an indispensable role in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in P. oryzae. Deletion of CRF1 led to defects in utilization of lipids, ethanol, glycerol and L-arabinose, and down-regulation of many important genes in lipolysis, β-oxidation, gluconeogenesis, as well as glycerol and arabinose metabolism. CRF1 is also essential for peroxisome and vacuole function, and conidial cell death during appressorium formation. The appressorium turgor, penetration ability and virulence in Δcrf1 were restored by supplementation of exogenous glucose. The virulence of Crf1 mutant was also recovered by adding exogenous D-xylose, but not by addition of ethanol, pyruvate, leucine or L-arabinose. These data showed that Crf1 plays an important role in the complex regulatory network of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism that governs fungal development and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pengyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongkai Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lidan Ye
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Fucheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianping Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
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21
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Chen Y, Zheng S, Ju Z, Zhang C, Tang G, Wang J, Wen Z, Chen W, Ma Z. Contribution of peroxisomal docking machinery to mycotoxin biosynthesis, pathogenicity and pexophagy in the plant pathogenic fungusFusarium graminearum. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3224-3245. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Shiyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Zhenzhen Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Chengqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Guangfei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Ziyue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058 China
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22
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Identification of d-amino acid oxidase and propiverine interaction partners and their potential role in the propiverine-mediated nephropathy. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 281:69-80. [PMID: 29273565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Propiverine, a frequently-prescribed pharmaceutical for the treatment of symptoms associated with overactive bladder syndrome, provoked massive intranuclear and cytosolic protein inclusions in rat proximal tubule epithelium, primarily consisting of the peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (PTS1) containing protein d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO). As this type of nephropathy was also observed for other drugs, the aim was to determine whether propiverine interferes with trafficking and/or import of peroxisomal proteins. To elucidate this, DAAO- and propiverine-specific interaction partners from human HEK293 and rat WKPT cell lines and rat kidney and liver homogenate were determined using co-immunoprecipitation with subsequent nano-ESI-LC-MS/MS analyses. Corroboration of the role of DAAO- and/or propiverine-specific interaction partners in the drug-induced DAAO accumulation was sought via specific immunofluorescence staining of rat kidney sections from control and propiverine-treated rats. Above analyses demonstrated the interaction of propiverine with several protein classes, foremost peroxisomal proteins (DAAO, MFE2, HAOX2) and proteins of the protein quality control system, i.e. chaperones (HSP70 and DnaJ co-chaperones), proteases and proteasomal proteins (regulatory subunits of the 26S proteasome; Rpn1/2). The immunofluorescence analysis revealed mislocalization of many PTS1-proteins (DAAO, CAT, MFE2, ACOX1, EHHADH) in rat renal sections, strongly suggesting that propiverine primarily binds to PTS1 proteins resulting in the formation of PTS1 but not PTS2 or peroxisomal membrane protein (PMP) accumulations. Moreover, chaperones involved in peroxisomal trafficking (HSC70, DnaJB1) and peroxisomal biogenesis factor proteins (PEX3, PEX5, PEX7), also presented with distinct mislocalization patterns. Concomitantly, an increased number of peroxisomes was observed, suggestive of a compensatory mechanism for the presumably suboptimally functioning peroxisomes. Overall, the data presented suggested that propiverine interacts exclusively with DAAO or with a selected number of PTS1 proteins. The consequence of this interaction is the abrogated trafficking and peroxisomal import of PTS1 proteins concomitant with their nuclear and cytosolic accumulation due to inhibited degradation and imbalanced protein homeostasis.
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23
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Kinoshita N, Matsuura A, Fujiki Y. Peroxisome biogenesis: a novel inducible PEX19 splicing variant is involved in early stages of peroxisome proliferation. J Biochem 2017; 161:297-308. [PMID: 28391327 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pex19p harbouring a prenylation CAAX box functions as a chaperone and transporter for peroxisomal membrane proteins in membrane assembly. By functional phenotype-complementation assay using a pex19 Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant ZP119, we herein cloned a rat cDNA encoding a protein similar to Pex19p, but with a C-terminal hydrophobic segment in place of the CAAX box region. The transcript of this gene was highly induced by treatment of rats with a peroxisome proliferator, clofibrate, hence termed PEX19i, while the other three less prominently inducible PEX19 variants encoded authentic Pex19p but differed in the length of 3' non-coding region. Pex19pi restored peroxisomes in ZP119 with slightly lower efficiency than Pex19p, showing apparently weaker interaction with Pex11pβ essential for peroxisome proliferation. However, the C-terminal region of Pex19p was not essential for the association of Pex19p with peroxisomal membrane and interaction with membrane assembly factors, Pex3p and Pex16p. Non-prenylated Pex19p interacted with a membrane protein cargo, Pex14p, but more weakly than Pex19pi and the farnesylated Pex19p. Thus, PEX19i most likely plays important roles involving the membrane formation at early stages, in prompt response to peroxisome proliferation. Similar types of PEX19 mRNA variants were also elevated in mouse regenerating liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiko Kinoshita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuura
- Department of Nanobiology, Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiki
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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24
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Generation of Peroxisome-Deficient Somatic Animal Cell Mutants. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28409474 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6937-1_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Cell mutants with a genetic defect affecting various cellular phenotypes are widely utilized as a powerful tool in genetic, biochemical, and cell biological research. More than a dozen complementation groups of animal somatic mutant cells defective in peroxisome biogenesis have been successfully isolated in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and used as a model system reflecting fatal human severe genetic disorders named peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBD). Isolation and characterization of peroxisome-deficient CHO cell mutants has allowed the identification of PEX genes and the gene products peroxins, which directly leads to the accomplishment of isolation of pathogenic genes responsible for human PBDs, as well as elucidation of their functional roles in peroxisome biogenesis. Here, we describe the procedure to isolate peroxisome-deficient mammalian cell mutants from CHO cells, by making use of an effective, photo-sensitized selection method.
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25
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Chen X, Shen M, Yang J, Xing Y, Chen D, Li Z, Zhao W, Zhang Y. Peroxisomal fission is induced during appressorium formation and is required for full virulence of the rice blast fungus. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:222-237. [PMID: 26950649 PMCID: PMC6638267 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are involved in various metabolic processes and are important for virulence in different pathogenic fungi. How peroxisomes rapidly emerge in the appressorium during fungal infection is poorly understood. Here, we describe a gene, PEF1, which can regulate peroxisome formation in the appressorium by controlling peroxisomal fission, and is required for plant infection in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Targeted deletion of PEF1 resulted in a reduction in virulence and a delay in penetration and invasive growth in host cells. PEF1 was particularly expressed during appressorial development, and its encoding protein was co-localized with peroxisomes during appressorial development. Compared with the massive vesicle-shaped peroxisomes formed in the wild-type appressorium, the Δpef1 mutant could only form stringy linked immature peroxisomes, suggesting that PEF1 was involved in peroxisomal fission during appressorium formation. We also found that the Δpef1 mutant could not utilize fatty acids efficiently, which can improve significantly the expression level of PEF1 and induce peroxisomal fission. As expected, the Δpef1 mutant showed reduced intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during appressorium formation and induced ROS accumulation in host cells during infection. Taken together, PEF1-mediated peroxisomal fission is important for fungal infection by controlling the number of peroxisomes in the appressorium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Mi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Yunfei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Deng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Zhigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
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26
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Deng S, Gu Z, Yang N, Li L, Yue X, Que Y, Sun G, Wang Z, Wang J. Identification and characterization of the peroxin 1 gene MoPEX1 required for infection-related morphogenesis and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36292. [PMID: 27824105 PMCID: PMC5099783 DOI: 10.1038/srep36292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are required for pathogenicity in many phytopathogenic fungi, but the relationships between fungal pathogenicity and peroxisomal function are not fully understood. Here, we report the identification of a T-DNA insertional mutant C445 of Magnaporthe oryzae, which is defective in pathogenicity. Analysis of the mutation confirmed an insertion into the gene MoPEX1, which encodes a putative homologue to peroxin 1. Targeted gene deletion mutants of MoPEX1 were nonpathogenic and were impaired in vegetative growth, conidiation, and appressorium formation. ΔMopex1 mutants formed abnormal, less pigmented, and nonfunctional appressoria, but they were unable to penetrate plant cuticle. The ΔMopex1 mutants were defective in the utilization of fatty acids (e.g., olive oil and Tween-20). Moreover, deletion of MoPEX1 significantly impaired the mobilization and degradation of lipid droplets during appressorium development. Interestingly, deletion of MoPEX1 blocked the import of peroxisomal matrix proteins. Analysis of an M. oryzae strain expressing GFP-MoPEX1 and RFP-PTS1 fusions revealed that MoPex1 localizes to peroxisomes. Yeast two hybrid experiments showed that MoPex1 physically interacts with MoPex6, a peroxisomal matrix protein important for fungal morphogenesis and pathogenicity. Taken together, we conclude that MoPEX1 plays important roles in peroxisomal function and is required for infection-related morphogenesis and pathogenicity in M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Zhuokan Gu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Nan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yue
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Yawei Que
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Guochang Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Zhengyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Jiaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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27
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Roles of Peroxisomes in the Rice Blast Fungus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9343417. [PMID: 27610388 PMCID: PMC5004026 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9343417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, is a model plant pathogenic fungus and is a severe threat to global rice production. Over the past two decades, it has been found that the peroxisomes play indispensable roles during M. oryzae infection. Given the importance of the peroxisomes for virulence, we review recent advances of the peroxisomes roles during M. oryzae infection processes. We firstly introduce the molecular mechanisms and life cycles of the peroxisomes. And then, metabolic functions related to the peroxisomes are also discussed. Finally, we provide an overview of the relationship between peroxisomes and pathogenicity.
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28
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Zhu C, Fan H, Yuan Z, Hu S, Ma X, Xuan J, Wang H, Zhang L, Wei C, Zhang Q, Zhao F, Du L. Genome-wide detection of CNVs in Chinese indigenous sheep with different types of tails using ovine high-density 600K SNP arrays. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27822. [PMID: 27282145 PMCID: PMC4901276 DOI: 10.1038/srep27822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese indigenous sheep can be classified into three types based on tail morphology: fat-tailed, fat-rumped, and thin-tailed sheep, of which the typical breeds are large-tailed Han sheep, Altay sheep, and Tibetan sheep, respectively. To unravel the genetic mechanisms underlying the phenotypic differences among Chinese indigenous sheep with tails of three different types, we used ovine high-density 600K SNP arrays to detect genome-wide copy number variation (CNV). In large-tailed Han sheep, Altay sheep, and Tibetan sheep, 371, 301, and 66 CNV regions (CNVRs) with lengths of 71.35 Mb, 51.65 Mb, and 10.56 Mb, respectively, were identified on autosomal chromosomes. Ten CNVRs were randomly chosen for confirmation, of which eight were successfully validated. The detected CNVRs harboured 3130 genes, including genes associated with fat deposition, such as PPARA, RXRA, KLF11, ADD1, FASN, PPP1CA, PDGFA, and PEX6. Moreover, multilevel bioinformatics analyses of the detected candidate genes were significantly enriched for involvement in fat deposition, GTPase regulator, and peptide receptor activities. This is the first high-resolution sheep CNV map for Chinese indigenous sheep breeds with three types of tails. Our results provide valuable information that will support investigations of genomic structural variation underlying traits of interest in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiye Zhu
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animals, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animals, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zehu Yuan
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animals, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijin Hu
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animals, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ma
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animals, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junli Xuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Beijing Compass Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animals, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Caihong Wei
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animals, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fuping Zhao
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animals, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lixin Du
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animals, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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29
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Mast FD, Jamakhandi A, Saleem RA, Dilworth DJ, Rogers RS, Rachubinski RA, Aitchison JD. Peroxins Pex30 and Pex29 Dynamically Associate with Reticulons to Regulate Peroxisome Biogenesis from the Endoplasmic Reticulum. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15408-27. [PMID: 27129769 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.728154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferation occurs by at least two routes, division of existing peroxisomes and de novo biogenesis from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The proteins and molecular mechanisms governing peroxisome emergence from the ER are poorly characterized. In this study, we report that two integral membrane peroxins (proteins required for peroxisome biogenesis) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pex29 and Pex30, reside in distinct regions of the ER and associate with Rtn1 and Yop1, reticulon family members that contribute to ER morphology, to govern peroxisome emergence from the ER. In vivo and in vitro analyses reveal that peroxisome proliferation is therefore not restricted to the peroxisome but begins at the level of the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred D Mast
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109 and
| | - Arvind Jamakhandi
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109 and
| | - Ramsey A Saleem
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109 and
| | - David J Dilworth
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109 and
| | - Richard S Rogers
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109 and
| | - Richard A Rachubinski
- the Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - John D Aitchison
- From the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109 and
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30
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How peroxisomes partition between cells. A story of yeast, mammals and filamentous fungi. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 41:73-80. [PMID: 27128775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are subcompartmentalized into discrete, membrane-enclosed organelles. These organelles must be preserved in cells over many generations to maintain the selective advantages afforded by compartmentalization. Cells use complex molecular mechanisms of organelle inheritance to achieve high accuracy in the sharing of organelles between daughter cells. Here we focus on how a multi-copy organelle, the peroxisome, is partitioned in yeast, mammalian cells, and filamentous fungi, which differ in their mode of cell division. Cells achieve equidistribution of their peroxisomes through organelle transport and retention processes that act coordinately, although the strategies employed vary considerably by organism. Nevertheless, we propose that mechanisms common across species apply to the partitioning of all membrane-enclosed organelles.
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31
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FUJIKI Y. Peroxisome biogenesis and human peroxisome-deficiency disorders. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2016; 92:463-477. [PMID: 27941306 PMCID: PMC5328784 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.92.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome is a single-membrane-bounded ubiquitous organelle containing a hundred different enzymes that catalyze various metabolic pathways such as β-oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids and synthesis of plasmalogens. To investigate peroxisome biogenesis and human peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) including Zellweger syndrome, more than a dozen different complementation groups of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutants impaired in peroxisome biogenesis are isolated as a model experimental system. By taking advantage of rapid functional complementation assay of the CHO cell mutants, successful cloning of PEX genes encoding peroxins required for peroxisome assembly invaluably contributed to the accomplishment of cloning of pathogenic genes responsible for PBDs. Peroxins are divided into three groups: 1) peroxins including Pex3p, Pex16p and Pex19p, are responsible for peroxisome membrane biogenesis via Pex19p- and Pex3p-dependent class I and Pex19p- and Pex16p-dependent class II pathways; 2) peroxins that function in matrix protein import; 3) those such as Pex11pβ are involved in peroxisome division where DLP1, Mff, and Fis1 coordinately function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio FUJIKI
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: Y. Fujiki, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan (e-mail: )
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Jo DS, Bae DJ, Park SJ, Seo HM, Kim HB, Oh JS, Chang JW, Kim SY, Shin JW, Cho DH. Pexophagy is induced by increasing peroxisomal reactive oxygen species in 1'10-phenanthroline-treated cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:354-60. [PMID: 26453011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although autophagy regulates the quality and quantity of cellular organelles, the regulatory mechanisms of peroxisomal autophagy remain largely unknown. In this study, we developed a cell-based image screening assay, and identified 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) as a novel pexophagy inducer from chemical library screening. Treatment with Phen induces selective loss of peroxisomes but not endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in hepatocytes. In addition, Phen increases autophagic engulfment of peroxisomes in an ATG5 dependent manner. Interestingly, treatment of Phen excessively produces peroxisomal reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibition of the ROS suppresses loss of peroxisome in Phen-treated cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Phen triggers pexophagy by enhancing peroxisomal ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo Sin Jo
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Bae
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Jung Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Hae Mi Seo
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Han Byeol Kim
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Jeong Su Oh
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jong Wook Chang
- Research Institute for Future Medicine Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Won Shin
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
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Targeting and insertion of peroxisomal membrane proteins: ER trafficking versus direct delivery to peroxisomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:870-80. [PMID: 26392202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The importance of peroxisomes is highlighted by severe inherited human disorders linked to impaired peroxisomal biogenesis. Besides the simple architecture of these ubiquitous and dynamic organelles, their biogenesis is surprisingly complex and involves specialized proteins, termed peroxins, which mediate targeting and insertion of peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs) into the peroxisomal bilayer, and the import of soluble proteins into the protein-dense matrix of the organelle. The long-standing paradigm that all peroxisomal proteins are imported directly into preexisting peroxisomes has been challenged by the detection of PMPs inside the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). New models propose that the ER originates peroxisomal biogenesis by mediating PMP trafficking to the peroxisomes via budding vesicles. However, the relative contribution of this ER-derived pathway to the total peroxisome population in vivo, and the detailed mechanisms of ER entry and exit of PMPs are controversially discussed. This review aims to summarize present knowledge about how PMPs are targeted to the ER, instead of being inserted directly into preexisting peroxisomes. Moreover, molecular mechanisms that facilitate bilayer insertion of PMPs among different species are discussed.
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Mosaic nature of the mitochondrial proteome: Implications for the origin and evolution of mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:10133-8. [PMID: 25848019 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1421379112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative studies of the mitochondrial proteome have identified a conserved core of proteins descended from the α-proteobacterial endosymbiont that gave rise to the mitochondrion and was the source of the mitochondrial genome in contemporary eukaryotes. A surprising result of phylogenetic analyses is the relatively small proportion (10-20%) of the mitochondrial proteome displaying a clear α-proteobacterial ancestry. A large fraction of mitochondrial proteins typically has detectable homologs only in other eukaryotes and is presumed to represent proteins that emerged specifically within eukaryotes. A further significant fraction of the mitochondrial proteome consists of proteins with homologs in prokaryotes, but without a robust phylogenetic signal affiliating them with specific prokaryotic lineages. The presumptive evolutionary source of these proteins is quite different in contending models of mitochondrial origin.
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Peripheral nervous system defects in a mouse model for peroxisomal biogenesis disorders. Dev Biol 2014; 395:84-95. [PMID: 25176044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBD) are autosomal recessive disorders in humans characterized by skeletal, eye and brain abnormalities. Despite the fact that neurological deficits, including peripheral nervous system (PNS) defects, can be observed at birth in some PBD patients including those with PEX10 mutations, the embryological basis of the PNS defects is unclear. Using a forward genetic screen, we identified a mouse model for Pex10 deficiency that exhibits neurological abnormalities during fetal development. Homozygous Pex10 mutant mouse embryos display biochemical abnormalities related to a PBD deficiency. During late embryogenesis, Pex10 homozygous mutant mice experience progressive loss of movement and at birth they become cyanotic and die shortly thereafter. Homozygous Pex10 mutant fetuses display decreased integrity of axons and synapses, over-extension of axons in the diaphragm and decreased Schwann cell numbers. Our neuropathological, molecular and electrophysiological studies provide new insights into the embryological basis of the PNS deficits in a PBD model. Our findings identify PEX10 function, and likely other PEX proteins, as an essential component of the spinal locomotor circuit.
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Fujiki Y, Okumoto K, Mukai S, Honsho M, Tamura S. Peroxisome biogenesis in mammalian cells. Front Physiol 2014; 5:307. [PMID: 25177298 PMCID: PMC4133648 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate peroxisome assembly and human peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) such as Zellweger syndrome, thirteen different complementation groups (CGs) of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutants defective in peroxisome biogenesis have been isolated and established as a model research system. Successful gene-cloning studies by a forward genetic approach utilized a rapid functional complementation assay of CHO cell mutants led to isolation of human peroxin (PEX) genes. Search for pathogenic genes responsible for PBDs of all 14 CGs is now completed together with the homology search by screening the human expressed sequence tag database using yeast PEX genes. Peroxins are divided into three groups: (1) peroxins including Pex3p, Pex16p, and Pex19p, are responsible for peroxisome membrane biogenesis via classes I and II pathways; (2) peroxins that function in matrix protein import; (3) those such as three forms of Pex11p, Pex11pα, Pex11pβ, and Pex11pγ, are involved in peroxisome proliferation where DLP1, Mff, and Fis1 coordinately function. In membrane assembly, Pex19p forms complexes in the cytosol with newly synthesized PMPs including Pex16p and transports them to the receptor Pex3p, whereby peroxisomal membrane is formed (Class I pathway). Pex19p likewise forms a complex with newly made Pex3p and translocates it to the Pex3p receptor, Pex16p (Class II pathway). In matrix protein import, newly synthesized proteins harboring peroxisome targeting signal type 1 or 2 are recognized by Pex5p or Pex7p in the cytoplasm and are imported to peroxisomes via translocation machinery. In regard to peroxisome-cytoplasmic shuttling of Pex5p, Pex5p initially targets to an 800-kDa docking complex consisting of Pex14p and Pex13p and then translocates to a 500-kDa RING translocation complex. At the terminal step, Pex1p and Pex6p of the AAA family mediate the export of Pex5p, where Cys-ubiquitination of Pex5p is essential for the Pex5p exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Fujiki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanji Okumoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Mukai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masanori Honsho
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Tamura
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School Fukuoka, Japan
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Zeng XQ, Chen GQ, Liu XH, Dong B, Shi HB, Lu JP, Lin F. Crosstalk between SNF1 pathway and the peroxisome-mediated lipid metabolism in Magnaporthe oryzae. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103124. [PMID: 25090011 PMCID: PMC4121083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The SNF1/AMPK pathway has a central role in response to nutrient stress in yeast and mammals. Previous studies on SNF1 function in phytopathogenic fungi mostly focused on the catalytic subunit Snf1 and its contribution to the derepression of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs). However, the MoSnf1 in Magnaporthe oryzae was reported not to be involved in CWDEs regulation. The mechanism how MoSnf1 functions as a virulence determinant remains unclear. In this report, we demonstrate that MoSnf1 retains the ability to respond to nutrient-free environment via its participation in peroxisomal maintenance and lipid metabolism. Observation of GFP-tagged peroxisomal targeting signal-1 (PTS1) revealed that the peroxisomes of ΔMosnf1 were enlarged in mycelia and tended to be degraded before conidial germination, leading to the sharp decline of peroxisomal amount during appressorial development, which might impart the mutant great retard in lipid droplets mobilization and degradation. Consequently, ΔMosnf1 exhibited inability to maintain normal appressorial cell wall porosity and turgor pressure, which are key players in epidermal infection process. Exogenous glucose could partially restore the appressorial function and virulence of ΔMosnf1. Toward a further understanding of SNF1 pathway, the β-subunit MoSip2, γ-subunit MoSnf4, and two putative Snf1-activating kinases, MoSak1 and MoTos3, were additionally identified and characterized. Here we show the null mutants ΔMosip2 and ΔMosnf4 performed multiple disorders as ΔMosnf1 did, suggesting the complex integrity is essential for M. oryzae SNF1 kinase function. And the upstream kinases, MoSak1 and MoTos3, play unequal roles in SNF1 activation with a clear preference to MoSak1 over MoTos3. Meanwhile, the mutant lacking both of them exhibited a severe phenotype comparable to ΔMosnf1, uncovering a cooperative relationship between MoSak1 and MoTos3. Taken together, our data indicate that the SNF1 pathway is required for fungal development and facilitates pathogenicity by its contribution to peroxisomal maintenance and lipid metabolism in M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Bin Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fucheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Aranovich A, Hua R, Rutenberg AD, Kim PK. PEX16 contributes to peroxisome maintenance by constantly trafficking PEX3 via the ER. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3675-86. [PMID: 25002403 PMCID: PMC4172262 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.146282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is required for the de novo biogenesis of peroxisomes in mammalian cells. However, its role in peroxisome maintenance is unclear. To explore ER involvement in the maintenance of peroxisomes, we redirect a peroxisomal membrane protein (PMP), PEX3, to directly target to the ER using the N-terminal ER signal sequence from preprolactin. Using biochemical techniques and fluorescent imaging, we find that ER-targeting PEX3 (ssPEX3) is continuously imported into pre-existing peroxisomes. This suggests that the ER constitutively provides membrane proteins and associated lipids to pre-existing peroxisomes. Using quantitative time-lapse live-cell fluorescence microscopy applied to cells that were either depleted of or exogenously expressing PEX16, we find that PEX16 mediates the peroxisomal trafficking of two distinct peroxisomal membrane proteins, PEX3 and PMP34, via the ER. These results not only provide insight into peroxisome maintenance and PMP trafficking in mammalian cells but also highlight important similarities and differences in the mechanisms of PMP import between the mammalian and yeast systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Aranovich
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Rong Hua
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Andrew D Rutenberg
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1Z9, Canada
| | - Peter K Kim
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Kato N, Dong T, Bailey M, Lum T, Ingram D. Triacylglycerol mobilization is suppressed by brefeldin A in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:1585-99. [PMID: 23872273 PMCID: PMC4081630 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Brefeldin A suppresses vesicle trafficking by inhibiting exchange of GDP for GTP in ADP-ribosylation factor. We report that brefeldin A suppresses mobilization of triacylglycerols in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a model organism of green microalgae. Analyses revealed that brefeldin A causes Chlamydomonas to form lipid droplets in which triacylglycerols accumulate in a dose-dependent manner. Pulse labeling experiment using fluorescent fatty acids suggested that brefeldin A inhibits the cells from degrading fatty acids. The experiment also revealed that the cells transiently form novel compartments that accumulate exogenously added fatty acids in the cytoplasm, designated fatty acid-induced microbodies (FAIMs). Brefeldin A up-regulates the formation of FAIMs, whereas nitrogen deprivation that up-regulates triacylglycerol synthesis in Chlamydomonas does not cause the cells to form FAIMs. These results underscore the role of the vesicle trafficking machinery in triacylglycerol metabolism in green microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Kato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 226 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- *Corresponding author: E-mail: ; Fax: +1-225-578-2597
| | - Trung Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 226 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Michael Bailey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 226 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Tony Lum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 226 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Drury Ingram
- Cell Biology & Bioimaging Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd., Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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Chang J, Tower RJ, Lancaster DL, Rachubinski RA. Dynein light chain interaction with the peroxisomal import docking complex modulates peroxisome biogenesis in yeast. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:4698-706. [PMID: 23943868 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.129056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynein is a large macromolecular motor complex that moves cargo along microtubules. A motor-independent role for the light chain of dynein, Dyn2p, in peroxisome biology in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was suggested from its interaction with Pex14p, a component of the peroxisomal matrix protein import docking complex. Here we show that cells of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica deleted for the gene encoding the homologue of Dyn2p are impaired in peroxisome function and biogenesis. These cells exhibit compromised growth on medium containing oleic acid as the carbon source, the metabolism of which requires functional peroxisomes. Their peroxisomes have abnormal morphology, atypical matrix protein localization, and an absence of proteolytic processing of the matrix enzyme thiolase, which normally occurs upon its import into the peroxisome. We also show physical and genetic interactions between Dyn2p and members of the docking complex, particularly Pex17p. Together, our results demonstrate a role for Dyn2p in the assembly of functional peroxisomes and provide evidence that Dyn2p acts in cooperation with the peroxisomal matrix protein import docking complex to effect optimal matrix protein import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
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Tabak HF, Braakman I, Zand AVD. Peroxisome Formation and Maintenance Are Dependent on the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Annu Rev Biochem 2013; 82:723-44. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-081111-125123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henk F. Tabak
- Section of Cellular Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands;
| | - Ineke Braakman
- Section of Cellular Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands;
| | - Adabella van der Zand
- Section of Cellular Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands;
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CmPEX6, a gene involved in peroxisome biogenesis, is essential for parasitism and conidiation by the sclerotial parasite Coniothyrium minitans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:3658-66. [PMID: 23563946 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00375-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coniothyrium minitans is a sclerotial parasite of the plant-pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and conidial production and parasitism are two important aspects for commercialization of this biological control agent. To understand the mechanism of conidiation and parasitism at the molecular level, we constructed a transfer DNA (tDNA) insertional library with the wild-type strain ZS-1. A conidiation-deficient mutant, ZS-1TN22803, was uncovered through screening of this library. This mutant could produce pycnidia on potato dextrose agar (PDA), but most were immature and did not bear conidia. Moreover, this mutant lost the ability to parasitize or rot the sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum. Analysis of the tDNA flanking sequences revealed that a peroxisome biogenesis factor 6 (PEX6) homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, named CmPEX6, was disrupted by the tDNA insertion in this mutant. Targeted gene replacement and gene complementation tests confirmed that a null mutation of CmPEX6 was responsible for the phenotype of ZS-1TN22803. Further analysis showed that both ZS-1TN22803 and the targeted replacement mutants could not grow on PDA medium containing oleic acid, and they produced much less nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) than wild-type strain ZS-1. The conidiation of ZS-1TN22803 was partially restored by adding acetyl-CoA or glyoxylic acid to the growth media. Our results suggest that fatty acid β-oxidation, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and possibly other unknown pathways in peroxisomes are involved in conidiation and parasitism by C. minitans.
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Jung S, Smith JJ, von Haller PD, Dilworth DJ, Sitko KA, Miller LR, Saleem RA, Goodlett DR, Aitchison JD. Global analysis of condition-specific subcellular protein distribution and abundance. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:1421-35. [PMID: 23349476 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o112.019166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular control of protein activities by modulation of their abundance or compartmentalization is not easily measured on a large scale. We developed and applied a method to globally interrogate these processes that is widely useful for systems-level analyses of dynamic cellular responses in many cell types. The approach involves subcellular fractionation followed by comprehensive proteomic analysis of the fractions, which is enabled by a data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry approach that samples every available mass to charge channel systematically to maximize sensitivity. Next, various fraction-enrichment ratios are measured for all detected proteins across different environmental conditions and used to group proteins into clusters reflecting changes in compartmentalization and relative conditional abundance. Application of the approach to characterize the response of yeast proteins to fatty acid exposure revealed dynamics of peroxisomes and novel dynamics of MCC/eisosomes, specialized plasma membrane domains comprised of membrane compartment occupied by Can1 (MCC) and eisosome subdomains. It also led to the identification of Fat3, a fatty acid transport protein of the plasma membrane, previously annotated as Ykl187.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Jung
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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44
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Mutowo-Meullenet P, Huntley RP, Dimmer EC, Alam-Faruque Y, Sawford T, Jesus Martin M, O'Donovan C, Apweiler R. Use of Gene Ontology Annotation to understand the peroxisome proteome in humans. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2013; 2013:bas062. [PMID: 23327938 PMCID: PMC3548334 DOI: 10.1093/database/bas062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Gene Ontology (GO) is the de facto standard for the functional description of gene products, providing a consistent, information-rich terminology applicable across species and information repositories. The UniProt Consortium uses both manual and automatic GO annotation approaches to curate UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) entries. The selection of a protein set prioritized for manual annotation has implications for the characteristics of the information provided to users working in a specific field or interested in particular pathways or processes. In this article, we describe an organelle-focused, manual curation initiative targeting proteins from the human peroxisome. We discuss the steps taken to define the peroxisome proteome and the challenges encountered in defining the boundaries of this protein set. We illustrate with the use of examples how GO annotations now capture cell and tissue type information and the advantages that such an annotation approach provides to users. Database URL:http://www.ebi.ac.uk/GOA/ and http://www.uniprot.org
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Wang H, Jiang W, Wang Y, Liu X, Yao J, Yuan L, Wu Z, Li D, Song B, Chen H. Catalase-like and peroxidase-like catalytic activities of silicon nanowire arrays. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:3-7. [PMID: 23245188 DOI: 10.1021/la304378w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanowire arrays (SiNWAs) were found to have catalytic activities similar to those of biological enzymes catalase and peroxidase. Thus not only can these materials catalyze the decomposition reaction of H(2)O(2) into water and oxygen, but they can also catalyze the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine (OPD), a common substrate for peroxidases, by H(2)O(2). The presence of Si-H bonds and the morphology of the SiNWAs are found to be crucial to the occurrence of such catalytic activity. When the SiNWAs are reacted with H(2)O(2), the data from Raman spectroscopy suggests the formation of (Si-H)(2)···(O species) ((Si-H)(2)···Os), which is presumably responsible for the catalytic activity. These findings suggest the potential use of SiNWAs as enzyme mimics in medicine, biotechnology, and environmental chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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Abstract
Peroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles of eukaryotic cells that accomplish a variety of biochemical functions, including β-oxidation of fatty acids, glyoxylate cycle, etc. Many reports have been accumulating that indicate peroxisome related metabolic functions are essential for pathogenic development of plant pathogenic fungi. They include peroxisome biogenesis proteins, peroxins and preferential destruction of peroxisomes, pexophagy. Gene disrupted mutants of anthracnose disease pathogen Colletotrichum orbiculare or rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae defective in peroxins or pexophagy showed deficiency in pathogenesis. Woronin body, a peroxisome related cellular organelle that is related to endurance of fungal cells against environmental damage has essential roles in pathogenesis of M. oryzae. Also, peroxisome related metabolisms such as β-oxidation and glyoxylate cycle are essential for pathogenesis in several plant pathogenic fungi. In addition, secondary metabolisms including polyketide melanin biosynthesis of C. orbiculare and M. oryzae, and host selective toxins produced by necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria alternata have pivotal roles in fungal pathogenesis. Every such factor was listed and their functions for pathogenesis were demonstrated (Table 18.1 and Fig. 18.1).
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47
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Min K, Son H, Lee J, Choi GJ, Kim JC, Lee YW. Peroxisome function is required for virulence and survival of Fusarium graminearum. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2012; 25:1617-1627. [PMID: 22913493 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-12-0149-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are organelles that are involved in a number of important cellular metabolic processes, including the β-oxidation of fatty acids, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, the role of peroxisomes was examined in Fusarium graminearum by targeted deletion of three genes (PEX5, PEX6, and PEX7) encoding peroxin (PEX) proteins required for peroxisomal protein import. PEX5 and PEX7 deletion mutants were unable to localize the fluorescently tagged peroxisomal targeting signal type 1 (PTS1)- and PTS2-containing proteins to peroxisomes, respectively, whereas the PEX6 mutant failed to localize both fluorescent proteins. Deletion of PEX5 and PEX6 resulted in retarded growth on long-chain fatty acids and butyrate, while the PEX7 deletion mutants utilized fatty acids other than butyrate. Virulence on wheat heads was greatly reduced in the PEX5 and PEX6 deletion mutants, and they were defective in spreading from inoculated florets to the adjacent spikelets through rachis. Deletion of PEX5 and PEX6 dropped survivability of aged cells in planta and in vitro due to the accumulation of ROS followed by necrotic cell death. These results demonstrate that PTS1-dependent peroxisomal protein import mediated by PEX5 and PEX6 are critical to virulence and survival of F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghun Min
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Grimm I, Saffian D, Platta HW, Erdmann R. The AAA-type ATPases Pex1p and Pex6p and their role in peroxisomal matrix protein import in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:150-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Goh J, Jeon J, Kim KS, Park J, Park SY, Lee YH. The PEX7-mediated peroxisomal import system is required for fungal development and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28220. [PMID: 22194815 PMCID: PMC3237427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, microbodies called peroxisomes play important roles in cellular activities during the life cycle. Previous studies indicate that peroxisomal functions are important for plant infection in many phytopathogenic fungi, but detailed relationships between fungal pathogenicity and peroxisomal function still remain unclear. Here we report the importance of peroxisomal protein import through PTS2 (Peroxisomal Targeting Signal 2) in fungal development and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae. Using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation library, a pathogenicity-defective mutant was isolated from M. oryzae and identified as a T-DNA insert in the PTS2 receptor gene, MoPEX7. Gene disruption of MoPEX7 abolished peroxisomal localization of a thiolase (MoTHL1) containing PTS2, supporting its role in the peroxisomal protein import machinery. ΔMopex7 showed significantly reduced mycelial growth on media containing short-chain fatty acids as a sole carbon source. ΔMopex7 produced fewer conidiophores and conidia, but conidial germination was normal. Conidia of ΔMopex7 were able to develop appressoria, but failed to cause disease in plant cells, except after wound inoculation. Appressoria formed by ΔMopex7 showed a defect in turgor generation due to a delay in lipid degradation and increased cell wall porosity during maturation. Taken together, our results suggest that the MoPEX7-mediated peroxisomal matrix protein import system is required for fungal development and pathogenicity M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeduk Goh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Su Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sook-Young Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Liu F, Lu Y, Pieuchot L, Dhavale T, Jedd G. Import oligomers induce positive feedback to promote peroxisome differentiation and control organelle abundance. Dev Cell 2011; 21:457-68. [PMID: 21920312 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental question in cell biology is how cells control organelle composition and abundance. Woronin bodies are fungal peroxisomes centered on a crystalline core of the self-assembled HEX protein. Despite using the canonical peroxisome import machinery for biogenesis, Woronin bodies are scarce compared to the overall peroxisome population. Here, we show that HEX oligomers promote the differentiation of a subpopulation of peroxisomes, which become enlarged and highly active in matrix protein import. HEX physically associates with the essential matrix import peroxin, PEX26, and promotes its enrichment in the membrane of differentiated peroxisomes. In addition, a PEX26 mutant that disrupts differentiation produces increased numbers of aberrantly small Woronin bodies. Our data suggest a mechanism where HEX oligomers recruit a key component of the import machinery, which promotes the import of additional HEX. This type of positive feedback provides a basic mechanism for the production of an organelle subpopulation of distinct composition and abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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