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Calcium dissolution in bridgmanite in the Earth's deep mantle. Nature 2022; 611:88-92. [PMID: 36261527 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Accurate knowledge of the mineralogy is essential for understanding the lower mantle, which represents more than half of Earth's volume. CaSiO3 perovskite is believed to be the third-most-abundant mineral throughout the lower mantle, following bridgmanite and ferropericlase1-3. Here we experimentally show that the calcium solubility in bridgmanite increases steeply at about 2,300 kelvin and above 40 gigapascals to a level sufficient for a complete dissolution of all CaSiO3 component in pyrolite into bridgmanite, resulting in the disappearance of CaSiO3 perovskite at depths greater than about 1,800 kilometres along the geotherm4,5. Hence we propose a change from a two-perovskite domain (TPD; bridgmanite plus CaSiO3 perovskite) at the shallower lower mantle to a single-perovskite domain (SPD; calcium-rich bridgmanite) at the deeper lower mantle. Iron seems to have a key role in increasing the calcium solubility in bridgmanite. The temperature-driven nature can cause large lateral variations in the depth of the TPD-to-SPD change in response to temperature variations (by more than 500 kilometres). Furthermore, the SPD should have been thicker in the past when the mantle was warmer. Our finding requires revision of the deep-mantle mineralogy models and will have an impact on our understanding of the composition, structure, dynamics and evolution of the region.
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First Principles Thermodynamics of Minerals at HP–HT Conditions: MgO as a Prototypical Material. MINERALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/min7100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Li L, Gao S, Cui T, Li B, Zhou Q, Yuan H, Xu D. Temperature-dependent optical phonon behaviour of a spinel Zn2TiO4 single crystal grown by the optical floating zone method in argon atmosphere. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05267g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The spinel Zn2TiO4 single crystals were grown via optical floating zone technology in an argon atmosphere for the first time. And temperature dependent Raman spectra were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130000
- P. R. China
| | - Shuohui Gao
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Tian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130000
- P. R. China
| | - Benxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130000
- P. R. China
| | - Hongming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130000
- P. R. China
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Maynard-Casely HE. ‘Peaks in space’ – crystallography in planetary science: past impacts and future opportunities. CRYSTALLOGR REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/0889311x.2016.1242127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Young PA, Desch SJ, Anbar AD, Barnes R, Hinkel NR, Kopparapu R, Madhusudhan N, Monga N, Pagano MD, Riner MA, Scannapieco E, Shim SH, Truitt A. Astrobiological stoichiometry. ASTROBIOLOGY 2014; 14:603-626. [PMID: 25014611 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2014.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical composition affects virtually all aspects of astrobiology, from stellar astrophysics to molecular biology. We present a synopsis of the research results presented at the "Stellar Stoichiometry" Workshop Without Walls hosted at Arizona State University April 11-12, 2013, under the auspices of the NASA Astrobiology Institute. The results focus on the measurement of chemical abundances and the effects of composition on processes from stellar to planetary scales. Of particular interest were the scientific connections between processes in these normally disparate fields. Measuring the abundances of elements in stars and giant and terrestrial planets poses substantial difficulties in technique and interpretation. One of the motivations for this conference was the fact that determinations of the abundance of a given element in a single star by different groups can differ by more than their quoted errors. The problems affecting the reliability of abundance estimations and their inherent limitations are discussed. When these problems are taken into consideration, self-consistent surveys of stellar abundances show that there is still substantial variation (factors of ∼ 2) in the ratios of common elements (e.g., C, O, Na, Al, Mg, Si, Ca) important in rock-forming minerals, atmospheres, and biology. We consider how abundance variations arise through injection of supernova nucleosynthesis products into star-forming material and through photoevaporation of protoplanetary disks. The effects of composition on stellar evolution are substantial, and coupled with planetary atmosphere models can result in predicted habitable zone extents that vary by many tens of percent. Variations in the bulk composition of planets can affect rates of radiogenic heating and substantially change the mineralogy of planetary interiors, affecting properties such as convection and energy transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Young
- 1 School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona
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AB$$_{2}$$O$$_{4}$$ Compounds at High Pressures. PRESSURE-INDUCED PHASE TRANSITIONS IN AB2X4 CHALCOGENIDE COMPOUNDS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-40367-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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7
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Influence of Water on Major Phase Transitions in the Earth's Mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/168gm08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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8
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Wang X, Guo Y, Shi Y, Belik AA, Tsujimoto Y, Yi W, Sun Y, Shirako Y, Arai M, Akaogi M, Matsushita Y, Yamaura K. High-pressure synthesis, crystal structure, and electromagnetic properties of CdRh2O4: an analogous oxide of the postspinel mineral MgAl2O4. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:6868-75. [PMID: 22663173 DOI: 10.1021/ic300628m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The postspinel mineral MgAl(2)O(4) exists only under the severe pressure conditions in the subducted oceanic lithosphere in the Earth's deep interior. Here we report that its analogous oxide CdRh(2)O(4) exhibits a structural transition to a quenchable postspinel phase under a high pressure of 6 GPa at 1400 °C, which is within the general pressure range of a conventional single-stage multianvil system. In addition, the complex magnetic contributions to the lattice and metal nonstoichiometry that often complicate investigations of other analogues of MgAl(2)O(4) are absent in CdRh(2)O(4). X-ray crystallography revealed that this postspinel phase has an orthorhombic CaFe(2)O(4) structure, thus making it a practical analogue for investigations into the geophysical role of postspinel MgAl(2)O(4). Replacement of Mg(2+) with Cd(2+) appears to be effective in lowering the pressure required for transition, as was suggested for CdGeO(3). In addition, Rh(3+) could also contribute to this reduction, as many analogous Rh oxides of aluminous and silicic minerals have been quenched from lower-pressure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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Mosenfelder JL, Asimow PD, Ahrens TJ. Thermodynamic properties of Mg2SiO4liquid at ultra-high pressures from shock measurements to 200 GPa on forsterite and wadsleyite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jb004364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Conil N, Kavner A. Numerical study of pressure relationships between sample and calibrant inside the diamond anvil cell. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2006; 18:S1039-S1047. [PMID: 22611094 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/25/s10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present isotropic, elastic-plastic finite element calculations detailing the pressure relationship between an inclusion and its surrounding matrix, subject to an externally imposed hydrostatic strain. In general, the inclusion and the matrix have different values of hydrostatic pressure, depending on their absolute and relative values of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. A series of finite element models was used to explore the parameter space of the elastic and plastic properties of an inclusion within a matrix. In all cases where there is insufficient relaxation of the nonhydrostatic stress, the material with the higher bulk modulus will also have a higher pressure, regardless of the shear moduli. The complete data set was subjected to a Pareto analysis to determine the main and secondary effects which influence the final result, expressed as the ratio of the pressure of the matrix to that of the inclusion. The four most important factors which determine the pressure ratio of an inclusion and matrix are the Young's modulus of the matrix, the interaction of the Young's modulus and the yield strength of the matrix material, the Young's modulus of the inclusion, and the interaction of the Young's modulus of the inclusion with the yield strength of the matrix material. The yield strength of the inclusion has a statistically insignificant effect on the results. This information provides guidelines for designing the most effective combinations of unknowns and material standards to minimize pressure errors in equation of state measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Conil
- Earth and Space Science Department and Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, 595 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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11
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Cammarano F. One-dimensional physical reference models for the upper mantle and transition zone: Combining seismic and mineral physics constraints. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jb003272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Fei Y, Van Orman J, Li J, van Westrenen W, Sanloup C, Minarik W, Hirose K, Komabayashi T, Walter M, Funakoshi K. Experimentally determined postspinel transformation boundary in Mg2SiO4using MgO as an internal pressure standard and its geophysical implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jb002562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Fei
- Geophysical Laboratory; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Washington DC USA
| | - J. Van Orman
- Geophysical Laboratory; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Washington DC USA
| | - J. Li
- Geophysical Laboratory; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Washington DC USA
| | - W. van Westrenen
- Geophysical Laboratory; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Washington DC USA
| | - C. Sanloup
- Geophysical Laboratory; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Washington DC USA
| | - W. Minarik
- Geophysical Laboratory; Carnegie Institution of Washington; Washington DC USA
| | - K. Hirose
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Komabayashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Walter
- Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior; Okayama University; Misasa Japan
| | - K. Funakoshi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8; Hyogo Japan
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Chen M, Shu J, Mao HK, Xie X, Hemley RJ. Natural occurrence and synthesis of two new postspinel polymorphs of chromite. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:14651-4. [PMID: 14645712 PMCID: PMC299753 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2136599100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-pressure polymorph of chromite, the first natural sample with the calcium ferrite structure, has been discovered in the shock veins of the Suizhou meteorite. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction analyses reveal an orthorhombic CaFe2O4-type (CF) structure. The unit-cell parameters are a = 8.954(7) A, b = 2.986(2) A, c = 9.891(7) A, V = 264.5(4) A3 (Z = 4) with space group Pnma. The new phase has a density of 5.62 g/cm3, which is 9.4% denser than chromite-spinel. We performed laser-heated diamond anvil cell experiments to establish that chromite-spinel transforms to CF at 12.5 GPa and then to the recently discovered CaTi2O4-type (CT) structure above 20 GPa. With the ubiquitous presence of chromite, the CF and CT phases may be among the important index minerals for natural transition sequence and pressure and temperature conditions in mantle rocks, shock-metamorphosed terrestrial rocks, and meteorites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wushan, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Nishiyama N, Yagi T. Phase relation and mineral chemistry in pyrolite to 2200°C under the lower mantle pressures and implications for dynamics of mantle plumes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jb002216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takehiko Yagi
- Institute for Solid State Physics; University of Tokyo; Kashiwa Japan
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Lin JF, Heinz DL, Mao HK, Hemley RJ, Devine JM, Li J, Shen G. Stability of magnesiowustite in Earth's lower mantle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:4405-8. [PMID: 12660368 PMCID: PMC153567 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.252782399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesiowüstite [(Mg,Fe)O] is the second most abundant mineral of Earth's lower mantle. Understanding its stability under lower mantle conditions is crucial for interpreting the physical and chemical properties of the whole Earth. Previous studies in an externally heated diamond anvil cell suggested that magnesiowüstites decompose into two components, Fe-rich and Mg-rich magnesiowüstites at 86 GPa and 1,000 K. Here we report an in situ study of two magnesiowüstites [(Mg(0.39),Fe(0.61))O and (Mg(0.25),Fe(0.75))O] at pressures and temperatures that overlap with mantle conditions, using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell combined with synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Our results show that addition of Mg in wüstite (FeO) can stabilize the rock-salt structure to much higher pressures and temperatures. In contrast to the previous studies, our results indicate that Mg-rich magnesiowüstite is stable in the rock-salt structure in the lower mantle. The physical and chemical properties of magnesiowüstite should change gradually and continuously in the lower mantle, suggesting that it does not make a significant contribution to seismic-wave heterogeneity of the lower mantle. Stable Mg-rich magnesiowüstite in lowermost mantle can destabilize FeO in the core-mantle boundary region and remove FeO from the outer core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Fu Lin
- Geophysical Laboratory and Center for High Pressure Research, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
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Xu F, Vidale JE, Earle PS. Survey of precursors toP′P′: Fine structure of mantle discontinuities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Earth and Space Science; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | - John E. Vidale
- Department of Earth and Space Science; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
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Lebedev S, Chevrot S, van der Hilst RD. Seismic evidence for olivine phase changes at the 410- and 660-kilometer discontinuities. Science 2002; 296:1300-2. [PMID: 12016311 DOI: 10.1126/science.1069407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The view that the seismic discontinuities bounding the mantle transition zone at 410- and 660-kilometer depths are caused by isochemical phase transformations of the olivine structure is debated. Combining converted-wave measurements in East Asia and Australia with seismic velocities from regional tomography studies, we observe a correlation of the thickness of, and wavespeed variations within, the transition zone that is consistent with olivine structural transformations. Moreover, the seismologically inferred Clapeyron slopes are in agreement with the mineralogical Clapeyron slopes of the (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 spinel and postspinel transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Lebedev
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Room 54-512, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Hirose K. Phase transitions in pyrolitic mantle around 670-km depth: Implications for upwelling of plumes from the lower mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hirose
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Tokyo Japan
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