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Gawron K. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in chondrodysplasias caused by mutations in collagen types II and X. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:943-958. [PMID: 27523816 PMCID: PMC5083666 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0719-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is primarily recognized as the site of synthesis and folding of secreted, membrane-bound, and some organelle-targeted proteins. An imbalance between the load of unfolded proteins and the processing capacity in endoplasmic reticulum leads to the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which is a hallmark of a number of storage diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, a number of metabolic diseases, and cancer. Moreover, its contribution as a novel mechanistic paradigm in genetic skeletal diseases associated with abnormalities of the growth plates and dwarfism is considered. In this review, I discuss the mechanistic significance of endoplasmic reticulum stress, abnormal folding, and intracellular retention of mutant collagen types II and X in certain variants of skeletal chondrodysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gawron
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Rathore YS, Dhoke RR, Badmalia M, Sagar A, Ashish. SAXS data based global shape analysis of trigger factor (TF) proteins from E. coli, V. cholerae, and P. frigidicola: resolving the debate on the nature of monomeric and dimeric forms. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:6101-12. [PMID: 25950744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dimerization of bacterial chaperone trigger factor (TF) is an inherent protein concentration based property which available biophysical characterization and crystal structures have kept debatable. We acquired small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) intensity data from different TF homologues from Escherichia coli (ECTF), Vibrio cholerae (VCTF), and Psychrobacter frigidicola (PFTF) while varying each protein concentration. We found that ECTF and VCTF adopt a compact dimeric shape at higher concentrations which did not resemble the "back-to-back" conformation reported earlier for ECTF from crystallography (PDB ID: 1W26 ). In contrast, PFTF remained monomeric throughout the concentration range 2-90 μM displaying a multimodal open extended conformation. OLIGOMER analysis showed that both the ECTF and VCTF remained completely monomeric at lower concentrations (2-11 μM), while, at higher concentrations (60-90 μM), they adopted a dimeric form. Interestingly, the equilibrium existed in the medium concentration range (>11 and <60 μM), which correlates with the physiological concentration (40-50 μM) of TF in cell cytoplasm. Additionally, circular dichroism data revealed that solution structures of ECTF and VCTF contain predominantly α-helical content, while PFTF contains 310-helical content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reema R Dhoke
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Amin Sagar
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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Haydukivska K, Blavatska V. Ring polymers in crowded environment: conformational properties. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:094906. [PMID: 25194393 DOI: 10.1063/1.4894278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyze the universal size characteristics of flexible ring polymers in solutions in presence of structural obstacles (impurities) in d dimensions. One encounters such situations when considering polymers in gels, colloidal solutions, intra- and extracellular environments. A special case of extended impurities correlated on large distances r according to a power law ~r(-a) is considered. Applying the direct polymer renormalization scheme, we evaluate the estimates for averaged gyration radius ⟨R(g ring)⟩ and spanning radius ⟨R(1/2 ring)⟩ of typical ring polymer conformation up to the first order of double ɛ = 4 - d, δ = 4 - a expansion. Our results quantitatively reveal an extent of the effective size and anisotropy of closed ring macromolecules in disordered environment. In particular, the size ratio of ring and open (linear) polymers of the same molecular weight grows when increasing the strength of disorder according to ⟨R(g ring)(2)⟩/⟨R(g chain)(2)⟩=½(1+(13/48)δ).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Haydukivska
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79011 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - V Blavatska
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79011 Lviv, Ukraine
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Blavatska V. Equivalence of quenched and annealed averaging in models of disordered polymers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:505101. [PMID: 24219876 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/50/505101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The equivalence of the influence of quenched and annealed disorder on the scaling properties of long flexible polymer chains is proved by analyzing the O(m)-symmetric field theory in the polymer (de Gennes) limit m → 0. Additional symmetry properties of the model in this limit are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Blavatska
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79011 Lviv, Ukraine
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Blavatska V, Janke W. Shape anisotropy of polymers in disordered environment. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:184903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3501368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Blavatska V, Janke W. Polymers in crowded environment under stretching force: Globule-coil transitions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 80:051805. [PMID: 20364999 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.80.051805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We study flexible polymer macromolecules in a crowded (porous) environment, modeling them as self-attracting self-avoiding walks on site-diluted percolative lattices in space dimensions d=2,3 . The influence of stretching force on the polymer folding and the properties of globule-coil transitions are analyzed. Applying the pruned-enriched Rosenbluth chain-growth method, we estimate the transition temperature TTheta between collapsed and extended polymer configurations and construct the phase diagrams of the globule-coil coexistence when varying temperature and stretching force. The transition to a completely stretched state, caused by applying force, is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Blavatska
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and Centre for Theoretical Sciences (NTZ), Universität Leipzig, Postfach 100 920, D-04009 Leipzig, Germany.
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Singh AR, Giri D, Kumar S. Force induced unfolding of biopolymers in a cellular environment: a model study. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:065103. [PMID: 19691413 DOI: 10.1063/1.3197010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Effect of molecular crowding and confinement experienced by protein in the cell during unfolding has been studied by modeling a linear polymer chain on a percolation cluster. It is known that internal structure of the cell changes in time, however, they do not change significantly from their initial structure. In order to model this we introduce the correlation among the different disorder realizations. It was shown that the force-extension behavior for correlated disorder in both constant force ensemble and constant distance ensemble is significantly different than the one obtained in absence of molecular crowding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Raj Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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Singh AR, Giri D, Kumar S. Effects of molecular crowding on stretching of polymers in poor solvent. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 79:051801. [PMID: 19518472 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.051801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We consider a linear polymer chain in a disordered environment modeled by percolation clusters on a square lattice. The disordered environment is meant to roughly represent molecular crowding as seen in cells. The model may be viewed as the simplest representation of biopolymers in a cell. We show the existence of intermediate states during stretching arising as a consequence of molecular crowding. In the constant distance ensemble the force-extension curves exhibit oscillations. We observe the emergence of two or more peaks in the probability distribution curves signaling the coexistence of different states and indicating that the transition is discontinuous unlike what is observed in the absence of molecular crowding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Raj Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Aigelsreiter A, Janig E, Stumptner C, Fuchsbichler A, Zatloukal K, Denk H. How a cell deals with abnormal proteins. Pathogenetic mechanisms in protein aggregation diseases. Pathobiology 2007; 74:145-58. [PMID: 17643060 DOI: 10.1159/000103374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective protein folding is responsible for many diseases. Although these diseases seem to be quite diverse at the first glance, there is evidence for common pathogenetic principles. The basis of the pathological changes is the cell's inability to prevent protein misfolding, to revert misfolded proteins to normal or to eliminate misfolded proteins by degradation. This could result in deposition of potentially cytotoxic protein aggregates (protein aggregation diseases). Chronic degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (e.g. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease), the amyloidoses, but also chronic liver diseases, for example alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, belong to this category of disorders. This review highlights general pathogenic principles of protein aggregation diseases based on immunohistochemical and biochemical studies as well as observations in a mouse model for protein aggregation in the context of alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The cellular defense mechanisms involved in protein quality control as well as the pathogenesis of protein aggregation diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aigelsreiter
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Kurt N, Rajagopalan S, Cavagnero S. Effect of hsp70 chaperone on the folding and misfolding of polypeptides modeling an elongating protein chain. J Mol Biol 2005; 355:809-20. [PMID: 16309705 PMCID: PMC1570398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2005] [Revised: 10/10/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Virtually nothing is known about the interaction of co-translationally active chaperones with nascent polypeptides and the resulting effects on peptide conformation and folding. We have explored this issue by NMR analysis of apomyoglobin N-terminal fragments of increasing length, taken as models for different stages of protein biosynthesis, in the absence and presence of the substrate binding domain of Escherichia coli Hsp70, DnaK-beta. The incomplete polypeptides misfold and self-associate under refolding conditions. In the presence of DnaK-beta, however, formation of the original self-associated species is completely or partially prevented. Chaperone interaction with incomplete protein chains promotes a globally unfolded dynamic DnaK-beta-bound state, which becomes folding-competent only upon incorporation of the residues corresponding to the C-terminal H helix. The chaperone does not bind the full-length protein at equilibrium. However, its presence strongly disfavors the kinetic accessibility of misfolding side-routes available to the full-length chain. This work supports the role of DnaK as a "holder" for incomplete N-terminal polypeptides. However, as the chain approaches its full-length status, the tendency to intramolecularly bury non-polar surface efficiently outcompetes chaperone binding. Under these conditions, DnaK serves as a "folding enhancer" by supporting folding of a population of otherwise folding-incompetent full-length protein chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Kurt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Hundley HA, Walter W, Bairstow S, Craig EA. Human Mpp11 J protein: ribosome-tethered molecular chaperones are ubiquitous. Science 2005; 308:1032-4. [PMID: 15802566 DOI: 10.1126/science.1109247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The existence of specialized molecular chaperones that interact directly with ribosomes is well established in microorganisms. Such proteins bind polypeptides exiting the ribosomal tunnel and provide a physical link between translation and protein folding. We report that ribosome-associated molecular chaperones have been maintained throughout eukaryotic evolution, as illustrated by Mpp11, the human ortholog of the yeast ribosome-associated J protein Zuo. When expressed in yeast, Mpp11 partially substituted for Zuo by partnering with the multipurpose Hsp70 Ssa, the homolog of mammalian Hsc70. We propose that in metazoans, ribosome-associated Mpp11 recruits the multifunctional soluble Hsc70 to nascent polypeptide chains as they exit the ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Hundley
- Department of Biochemistry, 433 Babcock Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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