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Rakotopare J, Toledo F. p53 in the Molecular Circuitry of Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14940. [PMID: 37834388 PMCID: PMC10573108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice with a constitutive increase in p53 activity exhibited features of dyskeratosis congenita (DC), a bone marrow failure syndrome (BMFS) caused by defective telomere maintenance. Further studies confirmed, in humans and mice, that germline mutations affecting TP53 or its regulator MDM4 may cause short telomeres and alter hematopoiesis, but also revealed features of Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) or Fanconi anemia (FA), two BMFSs, respectively, caused by defects in ribosomal function or DNA repair. p53 downregulates several genes mutated in DC, either by binding to promoter sequences (DKC1) or indirectly via the DREAM repressor complex (RTEL1, DCLRE1B), and the p53-DREAM pathway represses 22 additional telomere-related genes. Interestingly, mutations in any DC-causal gene will cause telomere dysfunction and subsequent p53 activation to further promote the repression of p53-DREAM targets. Similarly, ribosomal dysfunction and DNA lesions cause p53 activation, and p53-DREAM targets include the DBA-causal gene TSR2, at least 9 FA-causal genes, and 38 other genes affecting ribosomes or the FA pathway. Furthermore, patients with BMFSs may exhibit brain abnormalities, and p53-DREAM represses 16 genes mutated in microcephaly or cerebellar hypoplasia. In sum, positive feedback loops and the repertoire of p53-DREAM targets likely contribute to partial phenotypic overlaps between BMFSs of distinct molecular origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Rakotopare
- Genetics of Tumor Suppression, Institut Curie, CEDEX 05, 75248 Paris, France;
- CNRS UMR3244, 75005 Paris, France
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Franck Toledo
- Genetics of Tumor Suppression, Institut Curie, CEDEX 05, 75248 Paris, France;
- CNRS UMR3244, 75005 Paris, France
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
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2
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Zhu M, Zheng Z, Huang J, Ma X, Huang C, Wu R, Li X, Liang Z, Deng F, Wu J, Geng S, Xie C, Zhong C. Modulation of miR-34a in curcumin-induced antiproliferation of prostate cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15616-15624. [PMID: 31042325 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a phytochemical which exhibits significant inhibitory effect in multiple cancers including prostate cancer. MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a) was found to be a master tumor suppressor miRNA and regulated the growth of cancer cells. To date, however, the role of miR-34a in the anticancer action of curcumin against prostate cancer has been rarely reported. In the present study, we showed that curcumin altered the expression of cell cycle-related genes (cyclin D1, PCNA, and p21) and inhibited the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that curcumin significantly upregulated the expression of miR-34a, along with the downregulated expression of β-catenin and c-myc in three prostate cancer cell lines. Inhibition of miR-34a activated β-catenin/c-myc axis, altered cell cycle-related genes expression and significantly suppressed the antiproliferation effect of curcumin in prostate cancer cells. Findings from this study revealed that miR-34a plays an important role in the antiproliferation effect of curcumin in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, the Second School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongmei Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, the Second School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaming Huang
- Department of Nutrition, the Second School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaofeng Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feifei Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jieshu Wu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Geng
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Chan KP, Chao SH, Kah JCY. Exploiting Protein Corona around Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated to p53 Activating Peptides To Increase the Level of Stable p53 Proteins in Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:920-930. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kian Ping Chan
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing, Level 04, #04-02, 21 Lower Kent Ridge, Singapore 119077
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668
| | - Sheng-Hao Chao
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore 117597
| | - James Chen Yong Kah
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, University Hall, Tan Chin Tuan Wing, Level 04, #04-02, 21 Lower Kent Ridge, Singapore 119077
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Blk E4, #04-08, Singapore 117583
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4
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The promising role of miR-296 in human cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1915-1922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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5
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Okafor MT, Nwagha TU, Anusiem C, Okoli UA, Nubila NI, Al-Alloosh F, Udenyia IJ. Cancer prevention, the need to preserve the integrity of the genome at all cost. Niger J Clin Pract 2018; 21:539-545. [PMID: 29735851 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_272_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The entire genetic information carried by an organism makes up its genome. Genes have a diverse number of functions. They code different proteins for normal proliferation of cells. However, changes in the base sequence of genes affect their protein by-products which act as messengers for normal cellular functions such as proliferation and repairs. Salient processes for maintaining the integrity of the genome are hinged on intricate mechanisms put in place for the evolution to tackle genomic stresses. Aim To discuss how cells sense and repair damage to their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as well as to highlight how defects in the genes involved in DNA repair contribute to cancer development. Methodology: Online searches on the following databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Biomed Central, and SciELO were done. Attempt was made to review articles with keywords such as cancer, cell cycle, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair. Results The cell cycle, tumor suppression genes, DNA repair mechanism, as well as their contribution to cancer development, were discussed and reviewed. Conclusion Knowledge on how cells detect and repair DNA damage through an array of mechanisms should allay our anxiety as regards cancer development. More studies on DNA damage detection and repair processes are important toward a holistic approach to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Okafor
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - T U Nwagha
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - C Anusiem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - U A Okoli
- Department of Biochemistry College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - N I Nubila
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - F Al-Alloosh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Al-Amal National Hospital for Cancer Management, Iraq, Baghdad
| | - I J Udenyia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nigeria
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The Guardian of the Genome Revisited: p53 Downregulates Genes Required for Telomere Maintenance, DNA Repair, and Centromere Structure. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10050135. [PMID: 29734785 PMCID: PMC5977108 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein has been extensively studied for its capacity to prevent proliferation of cells with a damaged genome. Surprisingly, however, our recent analysis of mice expressing a hyperactive mutant p53 that lacks the C-terminal domain revealed that increased p53 activity may alter genome maintenance. We showed that p53 downregulates genes essential for telomere metabolism, DNA repair, and centromere structure and that a sustained p53 activity leads to phenotypic traits associated with dyskeratosis congenita and Fanconi anemia. This downregulation is largely conserved in human cells, which suggests that our findings could be relevant to better understand processes involved in bone marrow failure as well as aging and tumor suppression.
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7
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Brock M, Hottinger S, Diebold M, Soltermann A, Jochum W, Kohler M, Huber LC, Franzen DP. Low tissue levels of miR-125b predict malignancy in solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura. Respir Res 2017; 18:43. [PMID: 28253927 PMCID: PMC5335791 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura (SFTP) are rare neoplasia of the chest. A subset of SFTP follows a malignant course, sometimes several years after complete resection. Traditional scoring systems based on clinical and histological features are poor predictors of biological behavior. This study aimed to investigate tumor-associated miRNAs expression as novel biomarkers to predict the clinical behavior of SFTP. Methods Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded SFTP tissues blocks from patients surgically resected between 1992 and 2013 at two tertiary care teaching hospitals were included. SFTP tumors were categorized as either malignant or benign variants according to the WHO classification. Following miRNAs levels were measured: let-7a, miR-16b, miR-17, miR-21, miR-31, miR-34a, miR-92a, miR-125a, miR-125b, miR-195-5b, miR-203a, and miR-223. Differential gene expressions which were calculated with the threshold cycle (Ct) method were compared among the two variants. Results Thirty-eight patients (40% male, mean age 62.2 (±10.9) years) were included. Expression levels of miR-125b showed a significant difference between benign compared to malignant variants (−3.08 ± 0.93 vs. -2.22 ± 1.36, p = 0.0068). Furthermore, lower levels of miR-125b were found to be associated with increased tumor size (p = 0.0414). Thus, downregulation of miR-125b indicates malignant transformation. All other investigated miRNAs were not associated with grading of SFTP. Conclusions Our data suggest a potential role of miR-125b in the pathogenesis of tumor growth and malignant transformation of SFTP, respectively. Further studies have to address the potential use of miRNA-125b as a biomarker or therapeutic target in SFTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brock
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistr. 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Selma Hottinger
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistr. 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Diebold
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistr. 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alex Soltermann
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfram Jochum
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistr. 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars C Huber
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistr. 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel P Franzen
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistr. 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Ebrahimi A, Sadroddiny E. MicroRNAs in lung diseases: Recent findings and their pathophysiological implications. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 34:55-63. [PMID: 26319446 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and effective therapies are imperfect. Nonetheless, recently some novel strategies have been developed to treat and curtail their debilitating impact. Some of the treatments include the role of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in stemming the spread of lung morbidities. Micro RNAs are small non-coding RNAs which are known as important players in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in mammalian cells by regulating translation. MiRNAs are involved in basic regulatory mechanisms of cells including influencing inflammation. MiRNA dysregulation, resulting in aberrant expression of a gene, is suggested to play a key role in susceptibility of diseases. MiRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A better understanding of the involvement of miRNAs in pathogenesis of these diseases could result in the development of new therapeutic and diagnostic tools. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of miRNA biogenesis and role as well as recent insights into role of some miRNAs in different pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Sadroddiny
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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A systematic analysis of miRNA-mRNA paired variations reveals widespread miRNA misregulation in breast cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:291280. [PMID: 24949432 PMCID: PMC4052615 DOI: 10.1155/2014/291280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that can regulate gene expression by binding to target mRNAs and induce translation repression or RNA degradation. There have been many studies indicating that both miRNAs and mRNAs display aberrant expression in breast cancer. Previously, most researches into the molecular mechanism of breast cancer examined miRNA expression patterns and mRNA expression patterns separately. In this study, we systematically analysed miRNA-mRNA paired variations (MMPVs), which are miRNA-mRNA pairs whose pattern of regulation can vary in association with biopathological features, such as the oestrogen receptor (ER), TP53 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) genes, survival time, and breast cancer subtypes. We demonstrated that the existence of MMPVs is general and widespread but that there is a general unbalance in the distribution of MMPVs among the different biopathological features. Furthermore, based on studying MMPVs that are related to multiple biopathological features, we propose a potential crosstalk mechanism between ER and HER2.
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10
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Leibovich-Rivkin T, Buganim Y, Solomon H, Meshel T, Rotter V, Ben-Baruch A. Tumor-promoting circuits that regulate a cancer-related chemokine cluster: dominance of inflammatory mediators over oncogenic alterations. Cancers (Basel) 2012; 4:55-76. [PMID: 24213226 PMCID: PMC3712671 DOI: 10.3390/cancers4010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigated the relative contribution of genetic/signaling components versus microenvironmental factors to the malignancy phenotype. In this system, we took advantage of non-transformed fibroblasts that carried defined oncogenic modifications in Ras and/or p53. These cells were exposed to microenvironmental pressures, and the expression of a cancer-related chemokine cluster was used as readout for the malignancy potential (CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL10). In cells kept in-culture, synergism between Ras hyper-activation and p53 dysfunction was required to up-regulate the expression of the chemokine cluster. The in vivo passage of RasHigh/p53Low-modified cells has led to tumor formation, accompanied by potentiation of chemokine release, implicating a powerful role for the tumor microenvironment in up-regulating the chemokine cluster. Indeed, we found that inflammatory mediators which are prevalent in tumor sites, such as TNFa and IL-1β, had a predominant impact on the release of the chemokines, which was substantially higher than that obtained by the oncogenic modifications alone, possibly acting through the transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kB. Together, our results propose that in the unbiased model system that we were using, inflammatory mediators of the tumor milieu have dominating roles over oncogenic modifications in dictating the expression of a pro-malignancy chemokine readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Leibovich-Rivkin
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; E-Mails: (T.L.-R.); (T.M.)
| | - Yosef Buganim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (H.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Hilla Solomon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (H.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; E-Mails: (T.L.-R.); (T.M.)
| | - Varda Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (H.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; E-Mails: (T.L.-R.); (T.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +972-3-640-7933; Fax: +972-3-642-2046
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Spike BT, Wahl GM. p53, Stem Cells, and Reprogramming: Tumor Suppression beyond Guarding the Genome. Genes Cancer 2011; 2:404-19. [PMID: 21779509 DOI: 10.1177/1947601911410224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is well recognized as a potent tumor suppressor. In its classic role, p53 responds to genotoxic insults by inducing cell cycle exit or programmed cell death to limit the propagation of cells with corrupted genomes. p53 is also implicated in a variety of other cellular processes in which its involvement is less well understood including self-renewal, differentiation, and reprogramming. These activities represent an emerging area of intense interest for cancer biologists, as they provide potential mechanistic links between p53 loss and the stem cell-like cellular plasticity that has been suggested to contribute to tumor cell heterogeneity and to drive tumor progression. Despite accumulating evidence linking p53 loss to stem-like phenotypes in cancer, it is not yet understood how p53 contributes to acquisition of "stemness" at the molecular level. Whether and how stem-like cells confer survival advantages to propagate the tumor also remain to be resolved. Furthermore, although it seems reasonable that the combination of p53 deficiency and the stem-like state could contribute to the genesis of cancers that are refractory to treatment, direct linkages and mechanistic underpinnings remain under investigation. Here, we discuss recent findings supporting the connection between p53 loss and the emergence of tumor cells bearing functional and molecular similarities to stem cells. We address several potential molecular and cellular mechanisms that may contribute to this link, and we discuss implications of these findings for the way we think about cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Spike
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Yoon AR, Gao R, Kaul Z, Choi IK, Ryu J, Noble JR, Kato Y, Saito S, Hirano T, Ishii T, Reddel RR, Yun CO, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. MicroRNA-296 is enriched in cancer cells and downregulates p21WAF1 mRNA expression via interaction with its 3' untranslated region. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:8078-91. [PMID: 21724611 PMCID: PMC3185413 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding small RNAs that act as negative regulators of gene expression. To identify miRNAs that may regulate human cell immortalization and carcinogenesis, we performed comparative miRNA array profiling of human normal and SV40-T antigen immortalized cells. We found that miR-296 was upregulated in immortalized cells that also had activation of telomerase. By an independent experiment on genomic analysis of cancer cells we found that chromosome region (20q13.32), where miR-296 is located, was amplified in 28/36 cell lines, and most of these showed enriched miR-296 expression. Overexpression of miR-296 in human cancer cells, with and without telomerase activity, had no effect on their telomerase function. Instead, it suppressed p53 function that is frequently downregulated during human cell immortalization and carcinogenesis. By monitoring the activity of a luciferase reporter connected to p53 and p21WAF1 (p21) untranslated regions (UTRs), we demonstrate that miR-296 interacts with the p21-3′UTR, and the Hu binding site of p21-3′UTR was identified as a potential miR-296 target site. We demonstrate for the first time that miR-296 is frequently upregulated during immortalization of human cells and contributes to carcinogenesis by downregulation of p53-p21WAF1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-rum Yoon
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki - 305 8562, Japan
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Li B, Hu Y, Ye F, Li Y, Lv W, Xie X. Reduced miR-34a expression in normal cervical tissues and cervical lesions with high-risk human papillomavirus infection. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2010; 20:597-604. [PMID: 20442590 DOI: 10.1111/igc.0b013e3181d63170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reduced miR-34a expression is associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and cervical cancer. Whether the reduction of miR-34a expression induced by HR-HPV E6 occurs in precancerous lesions, even before morphologic change, is still uncertain. Our study aimed to ascertain the possibility of pri-miR-34a involved in the development of cervical lesions and to explore the mechanism of altered pri-miR-34a expression induced by HPV-16 E6. METHODS The levels of pri-miR-34a expression were examined in different cervical tissues, including normal cervical epithelium with (n = 32) or without (n = 32) HR-HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) with (n = 32) or without (n = 12) HR-HPV infection, and cervical cancer (n = 32), by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The HPV-16 E6 expression vector and HPV-16 E6 small interfering RNAs were conducted and transfected into 293T cells and SiHa cells, respectively. The expression of pri-miR-34a and p53 protein was simultaneously analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot in cells with gene transfection and without. RESULTS pri-miR-34a expression was significantly reduced in CIN and cervical cancer compared with normal cervical epithelium, as well as in CIN 2 and CIN 3 compared with CIN I. Moreover, the expression of pri-miR-34a was significantly lower in normal cervical epithelium and CIN with HR-HPV infection than in those without. Simultaneous down-regulation or up-regulation of pri-miR-34a and p53 expression was observed in E6-transfected 293T cells or E6 small interfering RNA-transferred SiHa cells compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Reduced expression of pri-miR-34a occurs not only in cervical cancer but also in precancerous lesion even before morphologic change. The inhibition of miR-34a expression induced by HR-HPV E6 in the p53-dependent pathway is probably an early-onset event in the development of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Li
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) modules are built in genetic networks as a complex regulatory layer directing post-transcriptional gene regulation. miRNAs coordinate a broad spectra of gene expression programs mainly through modulation of mRNA metabolism. Perturbations of miRNA networks are linked to a wide variety of pathological processes, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. While the mechanisms regulating miRNA biogenesis were previously poorly understood, recent findings have shed light on the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs themselves, especially their biogenesis. Multiple steps of miRNA maturation could potentially provide a variety of regulatory options to generate mature miRNAs differentially and produce gradation in miRNA processing efficiency. Several studies have demonstrated that miRNA maturation pathways crosstalk with intracellular signalling molecules, including p53, Smad proteins and estrogen receptor. Other lines of evidence have demonstrated the involvement of multiple RNA binding proteins in biased processing of different miRNA species. This review summarizes accumulating evidence for the emerging complexity and dynamics of regulated miRNA processing. These findings will lead to better understanding of miRNA dynamics in various pathogenetic pathways and provide the molecular basis for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on small RNA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi I Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Suzuki HI, Miyazono K. Dynamics of microRNA biogenesis: crosstalk between p53 network and microRNA processing pathway. J Mol Med (Berl) 2010; 88:1085-94. [PMID: 20614100 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-010-0650-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are pivotal regulators involved in various biological functions through the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Alterations of miRNA expression and function contribute to both physiological and pathological processes such as development and cancer. While their roles have been attracting more attention in connection with tumor development, the mechanisms regulating miRNA biogenesis have not been well understood. Accumulating evidences have revealed the dynamic regulation of miRNA biosynthesis by several regulatory factors and demonstrated the complexity of miRNA-mediated gene regulation. In addition, several reports showed the interplay between the p53 tumor suppressor network and the miRNA-mediated gene regulatory system. We recently found that p53 modulates miRNA maturation at the processing step of primary miRNA transcripts, unraveling a novel function of p53. Here, we review the recent understanding of functional links between miRNA biogenesis and intracellular signaling pathways, with particular focus on the crosstalk between the p53 network and the miRNA biogenesis machinery. Further characterization of controlling elements for miRNA production and activity would provide important insights for a comprehensive understanding of the miRNA function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi I Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Xirodimas DP, Scheffner M. Ubiquitin Family Members in the Regulation of the Tumor Suppressor p53. Subcell Biochem 2010; 54:116-135. [PMID: 21222278 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6676-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that the p53 tumor suppressor pathway is deregulated in most if not all human cancers. Thus, the past two decades have witnessed intense efforts to identify and characterize the growth-suppressive properties of p53 as well as the proteins and mechanisms involved in regulating p53 activity. In retrospect, it may therefore not be surprising that p53 was one of the very first mammalian proteins that were identified as physiologically relevant substrate proteins of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Since then, plenty of evidence has been accumulated that p53 is in part controlled by canonical (i.e., resulting in proteasome-mediated degradation) and noncanonical (i.e., nonproteolytic) ubiquitination and by modification with the ubiquitin family members SUMO-1 and NED 8. In this chapter, we will largely neglect the plethora of mechanisms that have been reported to be involved in the regulation of p53 ubiquitination but will focus on the enzymes and components of the respective conjugation systems that have been implicated in p53 modification and how the respective modifications (ubiquitin, SUMO-1, NED 8) may impinge on p53 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris P Xirodimas
- Division of Gene Expression and Regulation, The Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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