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Cui GF, Hou M, Shao YF, Chen HL, Gao JX, Xie JF, Chen YN, Cong CY, Dai FQ, Hou YP. A Novel Continuously Recording Approach for Unraveling Ontogenetic Development of Sleep-Wake Cycle in Rats. Front Neurol 2019; 10:873. [PMID: 31456739 PMCID: PMC6700276 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake development in postnatal rodent life could reflect the brain maturational stages. As the altricial rodents, rats are born in a very undeveloped state. Continuous sleep recording is necessary to study the sleep-wake cycle profiles. However, it is difficult to realize in infant rats since they rely on periodic feeding before weaning and constant warming and appropriate EEG electrodes. We developed a new approach including two types of EEG electrodes and milk-feeding system and temperature-controlled incubator to make continuously polysomnographic (PSG) recording possible. The results showed that there was no evident difference in weight gaining and behaviors between pups fed through the milk-feeding system and warmed with temperature-controlled incubator and those kept with their dam. Evolutional profiles of EEG and electromyogram (EMG) activities across sleep-wake states were achieved perfectly during dark and light period from postnatal day (P) 11 to P75 rats. The ontogenetic features of sleep-wake states displayed that the proportion of rapid eye movement (REM) was 57.0 ± 2.4% and 59.7 ± 1.7% and non-REM (NREM) sleep was 5.2 ± 0.8% and 4.9 ± 0.5% respectively, in dark and light phase at P11, and then REM sleep progressively decreased and NREM sleep increased with age. At P75, REM sleep in dark and light phase respectively, reduced to 6.3 ± 0.6% and 6.9 ± 0.5%, while NREM correspondingly increased to 37.5 ± 2.1% and 58.4 ± 1.7%. Wakefulness from P11 to P75 in dark phase increased from 37.8 ± 2.2% to 56.2 ± 2.6%, but the change in light phase was not obvious. P20 pups began to sleep more in light phase than in dark phase. The episode number of vigilance states progressively decreased with age, while the mean duration of that significantly increased. EEG power spectra in 0.5–4 Hz increased with age accompanied with prolonged duration of cortical slow wave activity. Results also indicated that the dramatic changes of sleep-wake cycle mainly occurred in the first month after birth. The novel approaches used in our study are reliable and valid for continuous PSG recording for infant rats and unravel the ontogenetic features of sleep-wake cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Fu Cui
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Hou
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Shao
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hai-Lin Chen
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin-Xian Gao
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun-Fan Xie
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu-Nong Chen
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao-Yu Cong
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng-Qiu Dai
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Liu X, Zheng J, Liu BX, Dai XJ. Altered connection properties of important network hubs may be neural risk factors for individuals with primary insomnia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5891. [PMID: 29651014 PMCID: PMC5897381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary insomnia (PIs) is highly prevalent and can lead to adverse socioeconomic impacts, but the underlying mechanism of its complex brain network impairment remains largely unknown. Functional studies are too few and diverse in methodology, which makes it difficult to glean general conclusions. To answer this question, we first used graph theory-based network analyse, together with seed-based functional connectivity approach, to characterize the topology architecture of whole-brain functional networks associated with PIs. Forty-eight subjects with PIs and 48 age/sex/education-matched good sleepers were recruited. We found PIs is associated with altered connection properties of intra-networks within the executive control network, default mode network and salience network, and inter-network between auditory language comprehension center and executive control network. These complex networks were correlated with negative emotions and insomnia severity in the PIs group. Altered connection properties of these network hubs appeared to be neural risk factors for neuropsychological changes of PIs, and might be used as potential neuroimaging markers to distinguish the PIs from the good sleepers. These findings highlight the role of functional connectivity in the pathophysiology of PIs, and may underlie the neural mechanisms of etiology of PIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyong Zheng
- Department of Medical Imaging, The affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Xia Liu
- Department of Respiration, the First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.,Department of ICU, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, 330029, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Jian Dai
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Dai XJ, Jiang J, Zhang Z, Nie X, Liu BX, Pei L, Gong H, Hu J, Lu G, Zhan Y. Plasticity and Susceptibility of Brain Morphometry Alterations to Insufficient Sleep. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:266. [PMID: 29997530 PMCID: PMC6030367 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Background: Insufficient sleep is common in daily life and can lead to cognitive impairment. Sleep disturbance also exists in neuropsychiatric diseases. However, whether and how acute and chronic sleep loss affect brain morphology remain largely unknown. Methods: We used voxel-based morphology method to study the brain structural changes during sleep deprivation (SD) at six time points of rested wakefulness, 20, 24, 32, 36 h SD, and after one night sleep in 22 healthy subjects, and in 39 patients with chronic primary insomnia relative to 39 status-matched good sleepers. Attention network and spatial memory tests were performed at each SD time point in the SD Procedure. The longitudinal data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA, and post-hoc analysis was used to determine the between-group differences. Results: Acute SD is associated with widespread gray matter volume (GMV) changes in the thalamus, cerebellum, insula and parietal cortex. Insomnia is associated with increased GMV in temporal cortex, insula and cerebellum. Acute SD is associated with brain atrophy and as SD hours prolong more areas show reduced GMV, and after one night sleep the brain atrophy is restored and replaced by increased GMV in brain areas. SD has accumulative negative effects on attention and working memory. Conclusions: Acute SD and insomnia exhibit distinct morphological changes of GMV. SD has accumulative negative effects on brain morphology and advanced cognitive function. The altered GMV may provide neurobiological basis for attention and memory impairments following sleep loss. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Sleep is less frequently studied using imaging techniques than neurological and psychiatric disorders. Whether and how acute and chronic sleep loss affect brain morphology remain largely unknown. We used voxel-based morphology method to study brain structural changes in healthy subjects over multiple time points during sleep deprivation (SD) status and in patients with chronic insomnia. We found that prolonged acute SD together with one night sleep recovery exhibits accumulative atrophic effect and recovering plasticity on brain morphology, in line with behavioral changes on attentional tasks. Furthermore, acute SD and chronic insomnia exhibit distinct morphological changes of gray matter volume (GMV) but they also share overlapping GMV changes. The altered GMV may provide structural basis for attention and memory impairments following sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jian Dai
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Nie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China.,Department of Radiology, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, China
| | - Bi-Xia Liu
- Department of ICU, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Pei
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China
| | - Honghan Gong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nangchang, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School of Nanjing University, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhan
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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