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Rodrigues Reis CE, Milessi TS, Ramos MDN, Singh AK, Mohanakrishna G, Aminabhavi TM, Kumar PS, Chandel AK. Lignocellulosic biomass-based glycoconjugates for diverse biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108209. [PMID: 37467868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are the ubiquitous components of mammalian cells, mainly synthesized by covalent bonds of carbohydrates to other biomolecules such as proteins and lipids, with a wide range of potential applications in novel vaccines, therapeutic peptides and antibodies (Ab). Considering the emerging developments in glycoscience, renewable production of glycoconjugates is of importance and lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is a potential source of carbohydrates to produce synthetic glycoconjugates in a sustainable pathway. In this review, recent advances in glycobiology aiming on glycoconjugates production is presented together with the recent and cutting-edge advances in the therapeutic properties and application of glycoconjugates, including therapeutic glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and nutraceuticals, emphasizing the integral role of glycosylation in their function and efficacy. Special emphasis is given towards the potential exploration of carbon neutral feedstocks, in which LCB has an emerging role. Techniques for extraction and recovery of mono- and oligosaccharides from LCB are critically discussed and influence of the heterogeneous nature of the feedstocks and different methods for recovery of these sugars in the development of the customized glycoconjugates is explored. Although reports on the use of LCB for the production of glycoconjugates are scarce, this review sets clear that the potential of LCB as a source for the production of valuable glycoconjugates cannot be underestimated and encourages that future research should focus on refining the existing methodologies and exploring new approaches to fully realize the potential of LCB in glycoconjugate production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thais Suzane Milessi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (PPGEQ-UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio Daniel Nicodemos Ramos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari 845401, Bihar, India
| | - Gunda Mohanakrishna
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580 031, India
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580 031, India.
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Anuj K Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo 12602-810, Brazil.
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2
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In silico modelling of the function of disease-related CAZymes. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:355-372. [PMID: 36912236 PMCID: PMC10154626 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
In silico modelling of proteins comprises a diversity of computational tools aimed to obtain structural, electronic, and/or dynamic information about these biomolecules, capturing mechanistic details that are challenging to experimental approaches, such as elusive enzyme-substrate complexes, short-lived intermediates, and reaction transition states (TS). The present article gives the reader insight on the use of in silico modelling techniques to understand complex catalytic reaction mechanisms of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), along with the underlying theory and concepts that are important in this field. We start by introducing the significance of carbohydrates in nature and the enzymes that process them, CAZymes, highlighting the conformational flexibility of their carbohydrate substrates. Three commonly used in silico methods (classical molecular dynamics (MD), hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM), and enhanced sampling techniques) are described for nonexpert readers. Finally, we provide three examples of the application of these methods to unravel the catalytic mechanisms of three disease-related CAZymes: β-galactocerebrosidase (GALC), responsible for Krabbe disease; α-mannoside β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (MGAT5), involved in cancer; and O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), involved in several human diseases such as leukemia and the Dowling-Degos disease.
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3
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Townsend SD. Call for Papers: Glycoscience in Infectious Diseases. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2946-2947. [PMID: 34644044 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Jiang H, Qin X, Wang Q, Xu Q, Wang J, Wu Y, Chen W, Wang C, Zhang T, Xing D, Zhang R. Application of carbohydrates in approved small molecule drugs: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113633. [PMID: 34171659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are an important energy source and play numerous key roles in all living organisms. Carbohydrates chemistry involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases has been attracting increasing attention. Carbohydrates could be one of the major focuses of new drug discovery. Currently, however, carbohydrate-containing drugs account for only a small percentage of all drugs in clinical use, which does not match the important roles of carbohydrates in the organism. In other words, carbohydrates are a relatively untapped source of new drugs and therefore may offer exciting novel therapeutic opportunities. Here, we presented an overview of the application of carbohydrates in approved small molecule drugs and emphasized and evaluated the roles of carbohydrates in those drugs. The potential development direction of carbohydrate-containing drugs was presented after summarizing the advantages and challenges of carbohydrates in the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Critical Medicine, Hainan Maternal and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, 570312, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yudong Wu
- Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wujun Chen
- Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Renshuai Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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5
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Kaur K, Arti S, Banipal TS, Banipal PK. Interactional behavior of saccharides/derivatives with amoxicillin drug in aqueous medium: Insights from volumetric, calorimetric and spectroscopic studies. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Liu G, Petrosko SH, Zheng Z, Mirkin CA. Evolution of Dip-Pen Nanolithography (DPN): From Molecular Patterning to Materials Discovery. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6009-6047. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Liu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textile and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Sarah Hurst Petrosko
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textile and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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7
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Abstract
Carbohydrates or glycans and their conjugates are involved in a wide range of biological processes and play an important role in various diseases, including inflammation, viral and bacterial infections, and tumor progression and metastasis. Studying the biological significances of carbohydrates has been challenging due in part to their structural diversity and the limited access to complex carbohydrate-containing molecules. Conventional methods such as isothermal titration calorimetry and enzyme-linked lectin assay can be laborious and require significant amounts of time and materials. The emerging of glycan microarrays as high-throughput technology for studying carbohydrate interactions has overcome some of these challenges, and has greatly contributed to our understanding of the biological roles of carbohydrates and their glycoconjugates. In addition, glycan microarrays offer new applications in biomedical research, drug discovery and development. This chapter will focus on the biomedical applications of glycan microarrays and their potential role in drug discovery and development.
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8
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Dias AP, da Silva Santos S, da Silva JV, Parise-Filho R, Igne Ferreira E, Seoud OE, Giarolla J. Dendrimers in the context of nanomedicine. Int J Pharm 2019; 573:118814. [PMID: 31759101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are globular structures, presenting an initiator core, repetitive layers starting radially from the core and terminal groups on the surface, resembling tree architecture. These structures have been studied in many biological applications, as drug, DNA, RNA and proteins delivery, as well as imaging and radiocontrast agents. With reference to that, this review focused in providing examples of dendrimers used in nanomedicine. Although most studies emphasize cancer, there are others which reveal action in the neurosystem, reducing either neuroinflammation or protein aggregation. Dendrimers can carry bioactive compounds by covalent bond (dendrimer prodrug), or by ionic interaction or adsortion in the internal space of the nanostructure. Additionally, dendrimers can be associated with other polymers, as PEG (polyethylene glycol), and with targeting structures as aptamers, antibodies, folic acid and carbohydrates. Their products in preclinical/clinical trial and those in the market are also discussed, with a total of six derivatives in clinical trials and seven products available in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Dias
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Soraya da Silva Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - João Vitor da Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto Parise-Filho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Igne Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Omar El Seoud
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jeanine Giarolla
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
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9
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Tateda N, Ajisaka K, Ishiguro M, Miyazaki T. Synthesis of 5a,5a'-dicarba-d-glucobioses from conformationally restricted carbaglucosyl triflates using S N2-type inversion with carbaglucosyl nucleophiles. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2345-2367. [PMID: 30606671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel carbohydrate mimics were designed which contain two 5a-carba-d-glucose residues, one each at reducing and nonreducing end, and thus these mimics are 5a,5a'-dicarba-d-glucobioses. Dicarbadisaccharides have attractive features such as stability against endogenous degradative enzymes and being resistant to glycation reactions such as the Maillard reaction. For the synthesis of dicarba-β-d-isomaltose derivatives, the carbaglucosyl triflate locked in 4C1 conformation was synthesized by protecting with butane-2,3-diacetal group or benzylidene group. Then, 5a,5a'-dicarba-β-d-maltose and 5a,5a'-dicarba-α,β-d-trehalose were synthesized by the SN2-type inversion reaction using 4,6-O-benzylidene carbaglucosyl triflate with 4-OH and 1-OH carba-β-d-glucose derivatives, respectively, and similarly 5a,5a'-dicarba-α-d-isomaltose with 6-OH carba-α-d-glucose derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Tateda
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Katsumi Ajisaka
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
| | - Masaji Ishiguro
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Miyazaki
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
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10
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Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most prevalent posttranslational modifications that profoundly affects the structure and functions of proteins in a wide variety of biological recognition events. However, the structural complexity and heterogeneity of glycoproteins, usually resulting from the variations of glycan components and/or the sites of glycosylation, often complicates detailed structure-function relationship studies and hampers the therapeutic applications of glycoproteins. To address these challenges, various chemical and biological strategies have been developed for producing glycan-defined homogeneous glycoproteins. This review highlights recent advances in the development of chemoenzymatic methods for synthesizing homogeneous glycoproteins, including the generation of various glycosynthases for synthetic purposes, endoglycosidase-catalyzed glycoprotein synthesis and glycan remodeling, and direct enzymatic glycosylation of polypeptides and proteins. The scope, limitation, and future directions of each method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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11
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Chaffey PK, Guan X, Li Y, Tan Z. Using Chemical Synthesis To Study and Apply Protein Glycosylation. Biochemistry 2018; 57:413-428. [PMID: 29309128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications and can influence many properties of proteins. Abnormal protein glycosylation can lead to protein malfunction and serious disease. While appreciation of glycosylation's importance is growing in the scientific community, especially in recent years, a lack of homogeneous glycoproteins with well-defined glycan structures has made it difficult to understand the correlation between the structure of glycoproteins and their properties at a quantitative level. This has been a significant limitation on rational applications of glycosylation and on optimizing glycoprotein properties. Through the extraordinary efforts of chemists, it is now feasible to use chemical synthesis to produce collections of homogeneous glycoforms with systematic variations in amino acid sequence, glycosidic linkage, anomeric configuration, and glycan structure. Such a technical advance has greatly facilitated the study and application of protein glycosylation. This Perspective highlights some representative work in this research area, with the goal of inspiring and encouraging more scientists to pursue the glycosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Chaffey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Yaohao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Zhongping Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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12
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Lavilla C, Yilmaz G, Uzunova V, Napier R, Becer CR, Heise A. Block-Sequence-Specific Glycopolypeptides with Selective Lectin Binding Properties. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1928-1936. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lavilla
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Polymer
Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Veselina Uzunova
- Life
Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Napier
- Life
Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- Polymer
Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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13
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Jeon MH, Mathew BP, Kuram MR, Myung K, Hong SY. A palladium and gold catalytic system enables direct access to O- and S-linked non-natural glyco-conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:11518-11524. [PMID: 27886320 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02437h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a straightforward cross-coupling method for the synthesis of non-natural glycoamino acids from alkyne-bearing monosaccharides and p-iodophenylalanine. Pd/Au-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling is tolerant to both O- and S-glycosides without any epimerization. In addition, no racemization of the amino acid was observed allowing direct access to the homogeneous glyco-conjugate in a single step. Notably, this Pd/Au catalytic system presents enhanced catalytic activity than conventional Pd/Cu and Pd-only platforms, and it further enables the convergent synthesis of glycodipeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ho Jeon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Wen L, Huang K, Zheng Y, Fang J, Kondengaden SM, Wang PG. Two-step enzymatic synthesis of 6-deoxy-L-psicose. Tetrahedron Lett 2016; 57:3819-3822. [PMID: 27546917 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Rare sugars offer a plethora of applications in the pharmaceutical, medicinal, and industries, as well as in synthetic chemistry. However, studies of rare sugars have been hampered by their relative scarcity. In this work, we describe a two-step strategy to efficiently and conveniently prepare 6-deoxy-L-psicose from L-rhamnose. In the first reaction step, the isomerization of L-rhamnose (6-deoxy-L-mannose) to L-rhamnulose (6-deoxy-L-fructose) catalyzed by L-rhamnose isomerase (RhaI), and the epimerization of L-rhamnulose to 6-deoxy-L-psicose catalyzed by D-tagatose 3-epimerase (DTE) were coupled with selective phosphorylation reaction by fructose kinase from human (HK), which selectively phosphorylate 6-deoxy-L-psicose at C-1 position. 6-deoxy-L-psicose 1-phosphate was purified by a silver nitrate precipitation method. In the second step, the phosphate group of the 6-deoxy-L-sorbose 1-phosphate was hydrolyzed with acid phosphatase (AphA) to produce 6-deoxy-L-psicose in 81% yield with respect to L-rhamnose. This method allows that the 6-deoxy-L-psicose to be obtained from readily available starting materials with high purity and without having to undergo isomer separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303. USA
| | - Kenneth Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303. USA
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303. USA
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100. People's Republic of China
| | | | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303. USA
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15
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Yabushita M, Kobayashi H, Kuroki K, Ito S, Fukuoka A. Catalytic Depolymerization of Chitin with Retention of N-Acetyl Group. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:3760-3763. [PMID: 26538108 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201501224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine units with β-1,4-glycosidic linkages, is the most abundant marine biomass. Chitin monomers containing N-acetyl groups are useful precursors to various fine chemicals and medicines. However, the selective conversion of robust chitin to N-acetylated monomers currently requires a large excess of acid or a long reaction time, which limits its application. We demonstrate a fast catalytic transformation of chitin to monomers with retention of N-acetyl groups by combining mechanochemistry and homogeneous catalysis. Mechanical-force-assisted depolymerization of chitin with a catalytic amount of H2SO4 gave soluble short-chain oligomers. Subsequent hydrolysis of the ball-milled sample provided N-acetylglucosamine in 53% yield, and methanolysis afforded 1-O-methyl-N-acetylglucosamine in yields of up to 70%. Our process can greatly reduce the use of acid compared to the conventional process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Yabushita
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Kyoichi Kuroki
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shogo Ito
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukuoka
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.
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16
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17
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Sun C, Hu W, Zhao J, Li G, Zhang L, Liu M, Liu Y, Ding F, Yang Y, Gu X. Chitosan Degradation Products Promote Nerve Regeneration by Stimulating Schwann Cell Proliferation via miR-27a/FOXO1 Axis. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:28-39. [PMID: 25399953 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides are biomaterials widely used for constructing scaffolds in tissue engineering. While natural polysaccharides have been shown to robustly promote tissue regeneration, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we show that chitooligosaccharides (COS), the intermediate products of chitosan degradation, stimulate peripheral nerve regeneration in rats. Our experiment also shows that COS stimulate the proliferation of Schwann cells (SCs) during nerve regeneration. By analyzing the transcriptome and gene regulatory network, we identified the miR-27a/FOXO1 axis as the main signaling pathway for mediating the proliferative effects of COS on SCs. COS increase the expression level of miR-27a and cause a reduction of FOXO1, which subsequently accelerates the cell cycle and stimulates SC proliferation to stimulate nerve regeneration. These findings define a basic pathway for oligosaccharides-mediated cell proliferation and reveal a novel aspect of polysaccharide biomaterials in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yahong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guicai Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Luzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China. .,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China. .,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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18
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Kim KR, Seo ES, Oh DK. L-Ribose production from L-arabinose by immobilized recombinant Escherichia coli co-expressing the L-arabinose isomerase and mannose-6-phosphate isomerase genes from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:275-88. [PMID: 24078190 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
L-Ribose is an important precursor for antiviral agents, and thus its high-level production is urgently demanded. For this aim, immobilized recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing the L-arabinose isomerase and variant mannose-6-phosphate isomerase genes from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans were developed. The immobilized cells produced 99 g/l L-ribose from 300 g/l L-arabinose in 3 h at pH 7.5 and 60 °C in the presence of 1 mM Co(2+), with a conversion yield of 33 % (w/w) and a productivity of 33 g/l/h. The immobilized cells in the packed-bed bioreactor at a dilution rate of 0.2 h(-1) produced an average of 100 g/l L-ribose with a conversion yield of 33 % and a productivity of 5.0 g/l/h for the first 12 days, and the operational half-life in the bioreactor was 28 days. Our study is first verification for L-ribose production by long-term operation and feasible for cost-effective commercialization. The immobilized cells in the present study also showed the highest conversion yield among processes from L-arabinose as the substrate.
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19
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Bian S, Zieba SB, Morris W, Han X, Richter DC, Brown KA, Mirkin CA, Braunschweig AB. Beam pen lithography as a new tool for spatially controlled photochemistry, and its utilization in the synthesis of multivalent glycan arrays. Chem Sci 2014; 5:2023-2030. [PMID: 34113434 PMCID: PMC8188604 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53315h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe how cantilever-free scanning probes can be used to deposit precursor material and subsequently irradiate the precursor to initiate polymerization, resulting in a 3D lithographic method wherein the position, height and diameter of each feature can be tuned independently. Specifically, acrylate and methacrylate monomers were patterned onto thiol terminated glass and subsequently exposed to UV light produced brush polymers by a photoinduced radical acrylate polymerization reaction. Here, we report the first examples of glycan arrays, comprised of methacrylate brush polymers that are side-chain functionalized with α-glucose, by this new lithographic approach. Their binding with fluorophore labeled concanavalin A (ConA) was assayed by fluorescence microscopy. The fluorescence of these brush polymers was compared to glycan arrays composed of monolayers of α-mannosides and α-glucosides prepared by combining polymer pen lithography (PPL) with the thiol-ene photochemical reaction or the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. At high ConA concentration, the fluorescence signal of the brush polymer was nearly 20 times greater than that of the glycan monolayers, and the brush polymer arrays had a detection limit nearly two orders of magnitude better than their monolayer counterparts. Because of the ability of this method to control precisely the polymer length, the relationship between limit of detection and multivalency could be explored, and it was found that the longer polymers (136 nm) are an order of magnitude more sensitive towards ConA binding than the shorter polymers (8 nm) and that binding affinity decreased systematically with length. These glycan arrays are a new tool to study the role of multivalency on carbohydrate recognition, and the photopolymerization route towards forming multivalent glycan scaffolds described herein, is a promising route to create multiplexed glycan arrays with nanoscale feature dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudan Bian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Sylwia B Zieba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - William Morris
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Daniel C Richter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Keith A Brown
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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20
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Coulibaly FS, Youan BBC. Concanavalin A-polysaccharides binding affinity analysis using a quartz crystal microbalance. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 59:404-11. [PMID: 24768820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is no comparative data available on the binding constants of Concanavalin A (Con A) and glycogen and Con A-mannan using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), cost and time efficient system for biosensor analysis. It is hypothesized that a QCM can be used in its flow injection mode to monitor the binding affinity of polysaccharides to an immobilized lectin, Con A. The biosensor is prepared by immobilizing Con A on a 5MHz gold crystal by carbodiimide crosslinking chemistry. The attachment efficiency is monitored by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Equilibrium association and dissociation constants describing Con A-polysaccharides interaction are determined in a saturation binding experiment, where increasing concentrations of polysaccharides are run on a Con A-immobilized gold crystal surface, and the frequency shifts recorded on the frequency counter. The molecular weights (MW) of glycogen from Oyster and mannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae are determined by size exclusion chromatography. The MW for glycogen and mannan are 604±0.002 kDa and 54±0.002 kDa, respectively. The equilibrium association and dissociation constants for Con A-glycogen and Con A-mannan interactions are KA=3.93±0.7×10(6) M(-1)/KD=0.25±0.06 μM and (n=3), respectively. Their respective frequency and motional resistance shifts relationship (ΔF/ΔR) are 37.29±1.55 and 34.86±0.85 Hz/Ω (n=3), which support the validity of Sauerbrey׳s rigidity approximation. This work suggests that Con A-mannan complex could be potentially utilized for insulin delivery and the targeting of glucose-rich substances and glycoproteins when fast drug release is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fohona S Coulibaly
- Laboratory of Future Nanomedicines and Theoretical Chronopharmaceutics, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte, Kansas City 64108, MO, USA.
| | - Bi-Botti C Youan
- Laboratory of Future Nanomedicines and Theoretical Chronopharmaceutics, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte, Kansas City 64108, MO, USA.
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21
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Chen R, Pawlicki MA, Tolbert TJ. Versatile on-resin synthesis of high mannose glycosylated asparagine with functional handles. Carbohydr Res 2014; 383:69-75. [PMID: 24326091 PMCID: PMC3974579 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a synthetic route for solid phase synthesis of N-linked glycoconjugates containing high mannose oligosaccharides which allows the incorporation of useful functional handles on the N-terminus of asparagine. In this strategy, the C-terminus of an Fmoc protected aspartic acid residue is first attached to a solid phase support. The side chain of aspartic acid is protected by a 2-phenylisopropyl protecting group, which allows selective deprotection for the introduction of glycosylation. By using a convergent on-resin glycosylamine coupling strategy, an N-glycosidic linkage is successfully formed on the free side chain of the resin bound aspartic acid with a large high mannose oligosaccharide, Man8GlcNAc2, to yield N-linked high mannose glycosylated asparagine. The use of on-resin glycosylamine coupling provides excellent glycosylation yield, can be applied to couple other types of oligosaccharides, and also makes it possible to recover excess oligosaccharides conveniently after the on-resin coupling reaction. Useful functional handles including an alkene (p-vinylbenzoic acid), an alkyne (4-pentynoic acid), biotin, and 5-carboxyfluorescein are then conjugated onto the N-terminal amine of asparagine on-resin after the removal of the Fmoc protecting group. In this way, useful functional handles are introduced onto the glycosylated asparagine while maintaining the structural integrity of the reducing end of the oligosaccharide. The asparagine side chain also serves as a linker between the glycan and the functional group and preserves the native presentation of N-linked glycan which may aid in biochemical and structural studies. As an example of a biochemical study using functionalized high mannose glycosylated asparagine, a fluorescence polarization assay has been utilized to study the binding of the lectin Concanavalin A (ConA) using 5-carboxyfluorescein labeled high mannose glycosylated asparagine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Mark A Pawlicki
- Interdisciplinary Biochemistry Graduate Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Thomas J Tolbert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States.
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22
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Chen X, Wang Z, Fu Y, Li Z, Qin M. Specific lignin precipitation for oligosaccharides recovery from hot water wood extract. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 152:31-7. [PMID: 24275023 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hot water extraction is an important strategy of wood fractionation, by which the hemicelluloses can be separated for value-added products, while the residual solid can still be processed into traditional wood products. In this study, a combined process consisting of specific lignin precipitation and dialysis was proposed to recover hemicellulosic oligosaccharides (OS) from hot water extract (HWE). The results showed that polyaluminium chloride (PAC) precipitation was highly specific to large molecular lignin, leading to 25.1% lignin removal with negligible OS loss through charge neutralization mechanism. The separation was further enhanced by dialysis, reaching 37.6% OS recovery from HWE with remarkable purity of 94.1%. By the proposed process, 56.36 g OS, mainly xylooligosaccharides with two fractions of 5.2 and 0.51 kDa was recovered from one kg dried wood. This process can be envisaged as a great contribution to wood biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhaojiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yingjuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zongquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Menghua Qin
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Taishan University, Taian 271021, China.
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23
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Ryu SI, Lee SB. Synthesis of nucleotide sugars and α-galacto-oligosaccharides by recombinant Escherichia coli cells with trehalose substrate. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 53:359-63. [PMID: 24034436 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Useful nucleoside diphosphate (NDP)-sugars and α-galacto-oligosaccharides were synthesized by recombinant Escherichia coli whole cells and compared to those produced by enzyme-coupling. Production yields of NDP-glucoses (Glcs) by whole cells harboring trehalose synthase (TS) were 60% for ADP-Glc, 82% for GDP-Glc, and 27% for UDP-Glc, based on NDP used. Yield of UDP-galactose (Gal) by the whole-cell harboring a UDP-Gal 4-epimerase (pGALE) was 26% of the quantity of UDP-Glc. α-Galacto-oligosaccharides, α-Gal epitope (Galα-3Galβ-4Glu) and globotriose (Galα-4Galβ-4Glu), were produced by the combination of three recombinant whole cells harboring TS, pGALE, and α-galactosyltransferase, with production yields of 48% and 54%, based on UDP, respectively. Production yields of NDP-sugars and α-galacto-oligosaccharides by recombinant whole-cell reactions were approximately 1.5 times greater than those of enzyme-coupled reactions. These results suggest that a recombinant whole-cell system using cells harboring TS with trehalose as a substrate may be used as an alternative and practical method for the production of NDP-sugars and α-galacto-oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-In Ryu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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24
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Recent advances in glycotechnology for glycoconjugate synthesis using microbial endoglycosidases. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 35:1733-43. [PMID: 23801123 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnology associated with synthesis of glycopeptides and glycoproteins has recently advanced as glycotechnology. Studies toward glycotechonology include the artificial modification of sugar chains in glycoconjugates to improve their function because the physiological importance of sugar chains in living organisms is well recognized. Methods involving addition of oligosaccharides to peptides and proteins have attracted attention as efficient techniques in glycotechnology, especially those involving the transglycosylation activities of microbial endoglycosidases. The exploration of oligosaccharide oxazolines as donor substrates for the transglycosylation of endoglycosidases has significantly enhanced the efficiency of these processes. Moreover, discovery of novel endoglycosidase mutants with glycosynthase-like activity has made it possible to effectively synthesize large quantities of glycopeptides, as well as homogeneous glycoprotein. The use of mutant enzymes and oligosaccharide oxazolines has led to development of practical applications for the synthesis of bioactive glycopeptides and therapeutic glycoproteins as bio-medicines.
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25
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Boultadakis-Arapinis M, Prost E, Gandon V, Lemoine P, Turcaud S, Micouin L, Lecourt T. Carbene-Mediated Functionalization of the Anomeric CH Bond of Carbohydrates: Scope and Limitations. Chemistry 2013; 19:6052-66. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Wang J, Pengthaisong S, Cairns JRK, Liu Y. X-ray crystallography and QM/MM investigation on the oligosaccharide synthesis mechanism of rice BGlu1 glycosynthases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:536-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Ding F, Cai S, William R, Liu XW. Pathways leading to 3-amino- and 3-nitro-2,3-dideoxy sugars: strategies and synthesis. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40595h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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28
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Taha HA, Richards MR, Lowary TL. Conformational Analysis of Furanoside-Containing Mono- and Oligosaccharides. Chem Rev 2012; 113:1851-76. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300249c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hashem A. Taha
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, Gunning−Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Michele R. Richards
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, Gunning−Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, Gunning−Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G2
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29
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Pruthi J, Mehra NK, Jain NK. Macrophages targeting of amphotericin B through mannosylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Drug Target 2012; 20:593-604. [PMID: 22690657 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.697168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to assess the potential of polysaccharide (mannose) conjugated engineered multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) bearing Amphotericin B (AmB) formulation for site-specific delivery to macrophages. The mannosylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized and AmB was efficiently loaded using dialysis diffusion method. The synthesized mannosylated MWCNTs were characterized by various physicochemical and physiological parameters such as fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM & TEM), drug loading and entrapment efficiency, in-vitro release kinetics, in-vivo study and toxicological investigation. AmB loaded mannosylated MWCNTs (AmBitubes) was found to be nanometric in size (500 nm) with tubular structure and good entrapment efficiency (75.46 ± 1.40%). In-vitro AmB from AmBitubes was found to be released in a controlled manner at pH 4, 7.4 and 10, with enhanced cell uptake and higher disposition in macrophage-rich organs, thereby indicating the site-specific drug delivery. The results suggest that AmBitubes could be employed as efficient nano-carrier for antileishmanial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Pruthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
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30
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Ding F, William R, Cai S, Ma J, Liu XW. Direct and Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3-cis-3- Arylsulphonaminodeoxydisaccharides and Oligosaccharides. J Org Chem 2012; 77:5245-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300791v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feiqing Ding
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of
Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Ronny William
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of
Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Shuting Cai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of
Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Jimei Ma
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of
Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of
Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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31
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Wang LX, Lomino JV. Emerging technologies for making glycan-defined glycoproteins. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:110-22. [PMID: 22141574 DOI: 10.1021/cb200429n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a common and complex posttranslational modification of proteins, which expands functional diversity while boosting structural heterogeneity. Glycoproteins, the end products of such a modification, are typically produced as mixtures of glycoforms possessing the same polypeptide backbone but differing in the site of glycosylation and/or in the structures of pendant glycans, from which single glycoforms are difficult to isolate. The urgent need for glycan-defined glycoproteins in both detailed structure-function relationship studies and therapeutic applications has stimulated an extensive interest in developing various methods for manipulating protein glycosylation. This review highlights emerging technologies that hold great promise in making a variety of glycan-defined glycoproteins, with a particular emphasis in the following three areas: specific glycoengineering of host biosynthetic pathways, in vitro chemoenzymatic glycosylation remodeling, and chemoselective and site-specific glycosylation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Xi Wang
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Joseph V. Lomino
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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32
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Boultadakis-Arapinis M, Lescot C, Micouin L, Lecourt T. Rh(II) Carbene-Mediated Synthesis of Methyl α- and β-Ketopyranosides: Preparation of Carbene Precursors, Quaternarization of the Anomeric Position, and Ring Opening of γ-Lactones. J Carbohydr Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2011.614983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Boultadakis-Arapinis
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique (UMR CNRS 8638) , Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques , 4, avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006, Paris , France
| | - Camille Lescot
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique (UMR CNRS 8638) , Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques , 4, avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006, Paris , France
| | - Laurent Micouin
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique (UMR CNRS 8638) , Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques , 4, avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006, Paris , France
| | - Thomas Lecourt
- a Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique (UMR CNRS 8638) , Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques , 4, avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006, Paris , France
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33
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Watanabe S, Yamamoto S, Yoshida K, Shinkawa K, Kumagawa D, Seguchi H. Surface plasmon resonance scattering and absorption sensing of Concanavalin A using glycoconjugated gold nanoparticles. Supramol Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2010.527977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Watanabe
- a Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science , Kochi University , Kochi, 780 8520, Japan
| | - Shuji Yamamoto
- a Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science , Kochi University , Kochi, 780 8520, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yoshida
- a Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science , Kochi University , Kochi, 780 8520, Japan
| | - Keitaro Shinkawa
- a Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science , Kochi University , Kochi, 780 8520, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kumagawa
- a Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science , Kochi University , Kochi, 780 8520, Japan
| | - Hideki Seguchi
- a Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science , Kochi University , Kochi, 780 8520, Japan
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34
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Wang X, Ramström O, Yan M. Dye-doped silica nanoparticles as efficient labels for glycans. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:4261-3. [PMID: 21380421 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc05299j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report that dye-doped fluorescent silica nanoparticles (FSNPs) are highly efficient labels for glycans. Mono- and oligo-saccharides were conjugated to FSNPs using a general photocoupling chemistry. FSNP-labeled glycans were applied to image and detect bacteria, and to study carbohydrate-lectin interactions on a lectin microarray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, USA
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35
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Harrison JA, Kartha KPR, Fournier EJL, Lowary TL, Malet C, Nilsson UJ, Hindsgaul O, Schenkman S, Naismith JH, Field RA. Probing the acceptor substrate binding site of Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase with systematically modified substrates and glycoside libraries. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1653-60. [PMID: 21253654 PMCID: PMC3315775 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00826e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Systematically modified octyl galactosides and octyl N-acetyllactosamines were assessed as inhibitors of, and substrates for, T. cruzi trans-sialidase (TcTS) in the context of exploring its acceptor substrate binding site. These studies show that TcTS, which catalyses the α-(2→3)-sialylation of non-reducing terminal β-galactose residues, is largely intolerant of substitution of the galactose 2 and 4 positions whereas substitution of the galactose 6 position is well tolerated. Further studies show that even the addition of a bulky sugar residue (glucose, galactose) does not impact negatively on TcTS binding and turnover, which highlights the potential of 'internal' 6-substituted galactose residues to serve as TcTS acceptor substrates. Results from screening a 93-membered thiogalactoside library highlight a number of structural features (notably imidazoles and indoles) that are worthy of further investigation in the context of TcTS inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Harrison
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , UK KY16 9ST
| | - K. P. Ravindranathan Kartha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Sector 67 , SAS Nagar , Punjab 160 062 , India
| | - Eric J. L. Fournier
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G2G2 , Canada
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G2G2 , Canada
| | - Carles Malet
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G2G2 , Canada
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Lund University , Box 124 , SE-22100 , Lund , Sweden
| | - Ole Hindsgaul
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G2G2 , Canada
- Carlsberg Laboratory , Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10 , Valby-Copenhagen , DK-2500 , Denmark
| | - Sergio Schenkman
- Department of Microbiology , Immunology and Parasitology , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , Rua Botucatu 862 8 andar , 04023-062 , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - James H. Naismith
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , UK KY16 9ST
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry , John Innes Centre , Norwich , UK NR4 7TJ .
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Rale M, Schneider S, Sprenger GA, Samland AK, Fessner WD. Broadening deoxysugar glycodiversity: natural and engineered transaldolases unlock a complementary substrate space. Chemistry 2011; 17:2623-32. [PMID: 21290439 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The majority of prokaryotic drugs are produced in glycosylated form, with the deoxygenation level in the sugar moiety having a profound influence on the drug's bioprofile. Chemical deoxygenation is challenging due to the need for tedious protective group manipulations. For a direct biocatalytic de novo generation of deoxysugars by carboligation, with regiocontrol over deoxygenation sites determined by the choice of enzyme and aldol components, we have investigated the substrate scope of the F178Y mutant of transaldolase B, TalB(F178Y), and fructose 6-phosphate aldolase, FSA, from E. coli against a panel of variously deoxygenated aldehydes and ketones as aldol acceptors and donors, respectively. Independent of substrate structure, both enzymes catalyze a stereospecific carboligation resulting in the D-threo configuration. In combination, these enzymes have allowed the preparation of a total of 22 out of 24 deoxygenated ketose-type products, many of which are inaccessible by available enzymes, from a [3×8] substrate matrix. Although aliphatic and hydroxylated aliphatic aldehydes were good substrates, D-lactaldehyde was found to be an inhibitor possibly as a consequence of inactive substrate binding to the catalytic Lys residue. A 1-hydroxy-2-alkanone moiety was identified as a common requirement for the donor substrate, whereas propanone and butanone were inactive. For reactions involving dihydroxypropanone, TalB(F178Y) proved to be the superior catalyst, whereas for reactions involving 1-hydroxybutanone, FSA is the only choice; for conversions using hydroxypropanone, both TalB(F178Y) and FSA are suitable. Structure-guided mutagenesis of Ser176 to Ala in the distant binding pocket of TalB(F178Y), in analogy with the FSA active site, further improved the acceptance of hydroxypropanone. Together, these catalysts are valuable new entries to an expanding toolbox of biocatalytic carboligation and complement each other well in their addressable constitutional space for the stereospecific preparation of deoxysugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Rale
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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37
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Ding F, William R, Wang S, Gorityala BK, Liu XW. Ready access to 3-amino-2,3-dideoxysugars via regio- and stereo-selective tandem hydroamination–glycosylation of glycals. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:3929-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05068k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Skirtenko N, Richman M, Nitzan Y, Gedanken A, Rahimipour S. A facile one-pot sonochemical synthesis of surface-coated mannosyl protein microspheres for detection and killing of bacteria. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:12277-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13518j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Boultadakis-Arapinis M, Lemoine P, Turcaud S, Micouin L, Lecourt T. Rh(II) Carbene-Promoted Activation of the Anomeric C−H Bond of Carbohydrates: A Stereospecific Entry toward α- and β-Ketopyranosides. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:15477-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1054065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Boultadakis-Arapinis
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique (UMR CNRS 8638), and Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN Biologique (UMR CNRS 8015), Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4, avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pascale Lemoine
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique (UMR CNRS 8638), and Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN Biologique (UMR CNRS 8015), Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4, avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Serge Turcaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique (UMR CNRS 8638), and Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN Biologique (UMR CNRS 8015), Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4, avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Micouin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique (UMR CNRS 8638), and Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN Biologique (UMR CNRS 8015), Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4, avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Lecourt
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique (UMR CNRS 8638), and Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN Biologique (UMR CNRS 8015), Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 4, avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
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40
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Cipolla L, Araújo AC, Bini D, Gabrielli L, Russo L, Shaikh N. Discovery and design of carbohydrate-based therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2010; 5:721-37. [PMID: 22827796 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2010.497811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Till now, the importance of carbohydrates has been underscored, if compared with the two other major classes of biopolymers such as oligonucleotides and proteins. Recent advances in glycobiology and glycochemistry have imparted a strong interest in the study of this enormous family of biomolecules. Carbohydrates have been shown to be implicated in recognition processes, such as cell-cell adhesion, cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and cell-intruder recognition phenomena. In addition, carbohydrates are recognized as differentiation markers and as antigenic determinants. Due to their relevant biological role, carbohydrates are promising candidates for drug design and disease treatment. However, the growing number of human disorders known as congenital disorders of glycosylation that are being identified as resulting from abnormalities in glycan structures and protein glycosylation strongly indicates that a fast development of glycobiology, glycochemistry and glycomedicine is highly desirable. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The topics give an overview of different approaches that have been used to date for the design of carbohydrate-based therapeutics; this includes the use of native synthetic carbohydrates, the use of carbohydrate mimics designed on the basis of their native counterpart, the use of carbohydrates as scaffolds and finally the design of glyco-fused therapeutics, one of the most recent approaches. The review covers mainly literature that has appeared since 2000, except for a few papers cited for historical reasons. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The reader will gain an overview of the current strategies applied to the design of carbohydrate-based therapeutics; in particular, the advantages/disadvantages of different approaches are highlighted. The topic is presented in a general, basic manner and will hopefully be a useful resource for all readers who are not familiar with it. In addition, in order to stress the potentialities of carbohydrates, several examples of carbohydrate-based marketed therapeutics are given. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Carbohydrates are a rich class of natural compounds, possessing an intriguing and still not fully understood biological role. This richness offers several strategies for the design of carbohydrate-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cipolla
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy.
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41
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Na H, Huisman W, Ellestad KK, Phillips TR, Power C. Domain- and nucleotide-specific Rev response element regulation of feline immunodeficiency virus production. Virology 2010; 404:246-60. [PMID: 20570310 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Computational analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) RNA sequences indicated that common FIV strains contain a rev response element (RRE) defined by a long unbranched hairpin with 6 stem-loop sub-domains, termed stem-loop A (SLA). To examine the role of the RNA secondary structure of the RRE, mutational analyses were performed in both an infectious FIV molecular clone and a FIV CAT-RRE reporter system. These studies disclosed that the stems within SLA (SA1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) of the RRE were critical but SA6 was not essential for FIV replication and CAT expression. These studies also revealed that the secondary structure rather than an antisense protein (ASP) mediates virus expression and replication in vitro. In addition, a single synonymous mutation within the FIV-RRE, SA3/45, reduced viral reverse transcriptase activity and p24 expression after transfection but in addition also showed a marked reduction in viral expression and production following infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Na
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2S2
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42
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Carbohydrate mimetics and scaffolds: sweet spots in medicinal chemistry. Future Med Chem 2010; 2:587-99. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.10.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several glycoprocessing enzymes and glycoreceptors have been recognized as important targets for therapeutic intervention. This concept has inspired the development of important classes of therapeutics, such as anti-influenza drugs inhibiting influenza virus neuraminidase, anti-inflammatory drugs targeting lectin-sialyl-Lewis X interaction and glycosidase inhibitors against HIV, Gaucher’s disease, hepatitis and cancer. These therapeutics are mainly carbohydrate mimics in which proper modifications permit stronger interactions with the target protein, higher stability, better pharmacokinetic properties and easier synthesis. Furthermore, the conformational rigidity and polyfunctionality of carbohydrates stimulate their use as scaffolds for the generation of libraries by combinatorial decoration with different pharmacophores. This mini-review will present examples of how to exploit carbohydrates mimics and scaffolds in drug research.
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43
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Chen J, Wang P, Zhu J, Wan Q, Danishefsky SJ. A program for ligation at threonine sites: application to the controlled total synthesis of glycopeptides. Tetrahedron 2010; 66:2277-2283. [PMID: 20798898 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A method by which to accomplish formal threonine ligation has been developed. The method accomplishes ligations of two peptide domains. We have also demonstrated the ability to successfully ligate two independent glycopeptide domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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44
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Guaragna A, D’Alonzo D, Paolella C, Napolitano C, Palumbo G. Highly Stereoselective de Novo Synthesis of l-Hexoses. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3558-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100077k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Guaragna
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università di Napoli Federico II-Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia, 4 I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniele D’Alonzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università di Napoli Federico II-Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia, 4 I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Concetta Paolella
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università di Napoli Federico II-Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia, 4 I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Napolitano
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Giovanni Palumbo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università di Napoli Federico II-Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia, 4 I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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45
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Abstract
Abstract
In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in the biological roles of carbohydrates and as a result it is now known that carbohydrates are involved in a vast array of disease processes. This review summarises progress in the development of carbohydrate-based therapeutics that involve: inhibition of carbohydrate-lectin interactions; immunisation, using monoclonal antibodies for carbohydrate antigens; inhibition of enzymes that synthesise disease-associated carbohydrates; replacement of carbohydrate-processing enzymes; targeting of drugs to specific disease cells via carbohydrate-lectin interactions; carbohydrate based anti-thrombotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M I Osborn
- School of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK.
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46
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Abstract
Glycan arrays have become a powerful tool for the high-throughput elucidation of interactions of different carbohydrate structures with a wide variety of biological targets, including antibodies, proteins, viruses and cells. This technique is especially suitable for glycomics studies, because arrays present carbohydrate ligands in a manner that mimics interactions at cell-cell interfaces. This review assesses the recent advances involving glycan arrays, including new methods for glycan-array fabrication, new platforms for novel biological information, and new perceptions of glycomics for improving the understanding of disease-related glycobiology. Furthermore, this review attempts to forecast trends in the development of glycan arrays and possible solutions for some remaining challenges to improve this new technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hui Liang
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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47
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Woodyer RD, Christ TN, Deweese KA. Single-step bioconversion for the preparation of l-gulose and l-galactose. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:363-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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48
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Taha HA, Castillo N, Sears DN, Wasylishen RE, Lowary TL, Roy PN. Conformational Analysis of Arabinofuranosides: Prediction of 3JH,H Using MD Simulations with DFT-Derived Spin−Spin Coupling Profiles. J Chem Theory Comput 2009; 6:212-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ct900477x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hashem A. Taha
- Department of Chemistry and Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G2, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Norberto Castillo
- Department of Chemistry and Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G2, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Devin N. Sears
- Department of Chemistry and Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G2, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Roderick E. Wasylishen
- Department of Chemistry and Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G2, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Department of Chemistry and Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G2, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Pierre-Nicholas Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G2, and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
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49
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Mori T, Toyoda M, Ohtsuka T, Okahata Y. Kinetic analyses for bindings of concanavalin A to dispersed and condensed mannose surfaces on a quartz crystal microbalance. Anal Biochem 2009; 395:211-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2009] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Cao H, Li Y, Lau K, Muthana S, Yu H, Cheng J, Chokhawala HA, Sugiarto G, Zhang L, Chen X. Sialidase substrate specificity studies using chemoenzymatically synthesized sialosides containing C5-modified sialic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:5137-45. [PMID: 20024109 DOI: 10.1039/b916305k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
para-Nitrophenol-tagged sialyl galactosides containing sialic acid derivatives in which the C5 hydroxyl group of sialic acids was systematically substituted with a hydrogen, a fluorine, a methoxyl or an azido group were successfully synthesized using an efficient chemoenzymatic approach. These compounds were used as valuable probes in high-throughput screening assays to study the importance of the C5 hydroxyl group of sialic acid in the recognition and the cleavage of sialoside substrates by bacterial sialidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
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