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Ye X, Zhou T, Qin Y, He S, Zhang H, Ding S. Reproductive toxicity of dibutyl phthalate adsorbed on carbon nanotubes in male Balb/C mice. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 110:180-187. [PMID: 35487397 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is an environmental hormone disrupter. This study was designed to investigate whether DBP adsorbed in multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can easily cross the blood-testis barrier and slow down the degradation of DBP in male mice, thereby prolonging the interference effect of DBP. The results showed that: in male Balb/C mice, the sperm density of the MWCNTs group and the DBP plus MWCNTs group decreased significantly (p < 0.05); and the sperm deformity rate increased significantly (p < 0.05). Testicular tissue sections from the combined exposure group showed that most of the seminiferous tubules were atrophied, there were more large gaps between the cells in the tubules, and the number of mature-sperm decreased. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased significantly in the combined exposure group (p < 0.01). Proteomics results showed that there were 231 differentially expressed proteins in the combined exposure group compared with the MWCNTs only group, and 69 differentially expressed proteins compared with the DBP group. GO enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins mainly include: 60s acid ribosomal protein P1; nuclear autoantigen sperm protein; centromere protein V; and other proteins related to cell division. These results indicate that MWCNTs with adsorbed DBP can increase oxidative damage in the testis of male mice, interfere with DNA replication and cell division in testicular tissue cells, induce cell apoptosis, and destroy the normal spermatogenic function of the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Liquor Marking Biological Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Yujie Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Suli He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Hongmao Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China.
| | - Shumao Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China.
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Vickram A, Dhama K, Thanigaivel S, Chakraborty S, Anbarasu K, Dey N, Karunakaran R. Strategies for successful designing of immunocontraceptive vaccines and recent updates in vaccine development against sexually transmitted infections - A Review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2033-2046. [PMID: 35531220 PMCID: PMC9073025 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objective Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- A.S. Vickram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - S. Thanigaivel
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences &, Animal Husbandry, R.K.Nagar, West Tripura, Pin- 799008, India
| | - K. Anbarasu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nibedita Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rohini Karunakaran
- Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
- Corresponding author.
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Chorfa A, Goubely C, Henry-Berger J, Guiton R, Drevet JR, Saez F. Identification of Arvicola terrestris scherman Sperm Antigens for Immune Contraceptive Purposes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189965. [PMID: 34576131 PMCID: PMC8465135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclical proliferation of the wild fossorial rodent Arvicola terrestris scherman (ATS) is critical in mid-mountain ecosystems of several European countries. Our goal is to develop an immunocontraceptive vaccine to control their fertility, as a sustainable alternative to chemical poisons currently used. Indeed, these chemicals cause the death of ATS predators and animals sharing their ecosystem, and current laws progressively limit their use, making the development of a targeted vaccination strategy an interesting and efficient alternative. In order to identify species-specific sperm antigens, male and female ATS received subcutaneous injections of whole ATS spermatozoa to elicit an immune response. The analysis of the immune sera led to the identification of 120 immunogenic proteins of sperm cells. Of these, 15 were strictly sperm-specific and located in different regions of the male gamete. Some of these antigens are proteins involved in molecular events essential to the reproductive process, such as sperm–egg interaction, acrosomal reaction, or sperm motility. This approach not only identified a panel of immunogenic proteins from ATS sperm cells, but also demonstrated that some of these proteins trigger an immune response in both male and female ATS. These spermatic antigens are good candidates for the development of a contraceptive vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joël R. Drevet
- Correspondence: (J.R.D.); (F.S.); Tel.: +33-4-73-40-74-13 (J.R.D.); +33-4-73-40-76-20 (F.S.)
| | - Fabrice Saez
- Correspondence: (J.R.D.); (F.S.); Tel.: +33-4-73-40-74-13 (J.R.D.); +33-4-73-40-76-20 (F.S.)
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Al-Daghistani HI. Staphylococcusaureus protein A as a means of assessing sperm penetrability in cervical mucus in vitro. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2020; 47:186-193. [PMID: 32861238 PMCID: PMC7482942 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2020.03279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effectiveness of Staphylococcus protein A (SPA) in improving the penetration ability of sperm and reducing antisperm antibody (ASA) titers in immunologically infertile males was evaluated. METHODS Seminal fluid samples were obtained from 15 infertile men, and ASA titers were assessed with the latex agglutination test. Identification of immunoglobulin (Ig) classes and characterization of the antigens involved in the immune response were performed using indirect immunofluorescence. Local ASAs typically present as a mixture of IgG and IgA classes. The capillary tube penetration method was used to assess the capability of spermatozoa to penetrate the cervical mucus (CM). RESULTS ASAs associated with the neck region of sperm showed a significantly lower migration distance in the CM of infertile females than ASAs associated with the head or tail segments. ASA-positive seminal fluid exhibited significant increases in the mean migration distance (2.6 ± 1.4 cm vs. 1.54 ± 1.1 cm, respectively; p< 0.001) and sperm concentration (174 ± 121.0 × 10³/mL vs. 101 ± 93.7 × 10³/mL, respectively; p= 0.033) after treatment with SPA compared to pre-treated samples. A significant reduction (p< 0.01) in the recorded ASA titer was detected. CONCLUSION These results indicate that SPA can be used as a sorting regimen for insemination programs. However, further studies are warranted to assess its influence on pregnancy rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala I. Al-Daghistani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
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Poley JD, Sutherland BJG, Jones SRM, Koop BF, Fast MD. Sex-biased gene expression and sequence conservation in Atlantic and Pacific salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). BMC Genomics 2016; 17:483. [PMID: 27377915 PMCID: PMC4932673 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae), are highly important ectoparasites of farmed and wild salmonids, and cause multi-million dollar losses to the salmon aquaculture industry annually. Salmon lice display extensive sexual dimorphism in ontogeny, morphology, physiology, behavior, and more. Therefore, the identification of transcripts with differential expression between males and females (sex-biased transcripts) may help elucidate the relationship between sexual selection and sexually dimorphic characteristics. RESULTS Sex-biased transcripts were identified from transcriptome analyses of three L. salmonis populations, including both Atlantic and Pacific subspecies. A total of 35-43 % of all quality-filtered transcripts were sex-biased in L. salmonis, with male-biased transcripts exhibiting higher fold change than female-biased transcripts. For Gene Ontology and functional analyses, a consensus-based approach was used to identify concordantly differentially expressed sex-biased transcripts across the three populations. A total of 127 male-specific transcripts (i.e. those without detectable expression in any female) were identified, and were enriched with reproductive functions (e.g. seminal fluid and male accessory gland proteins). Other sex-biased transcripts involved in morphogenesis, feeding, energy generation, and sensory and immune system development and function were also identified. Interestingly, as observed in model systems, male-biased L. salmonis transcripts were more frequently without annotation compared to female-biased or unbiased transcripts, suggesting higher rates of sequence divergence in male-biased transcripts. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptome differences between male and female L. salmonis described here provide key insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling sexual dimorphism in L. salmonis. This analysis offers targets for parasite control and provides a foundation for further analyses exploring critical topics such as the interaction between sex and drug resistance, sex-specific factors in host-parasite relationships, and reproductive roles within L. salmonis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Poley
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Ben J G Sutherland
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8W 3 N5, Canada.,Present address: Département de biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèms (IBIS), Université Laval, 1030 Avenue de la Medecine, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Simon R M Jones
- Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6 N7, Canada
| | - Ben F Koop
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8W 3 N5, Canada
| | - Mark D Fast
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.
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Brazdova A, Senechal H, Peltre G, Poncet P. Immune Aspects of Female Infertility. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2016; 10:1-10. [PMID: 27123194 PMCID: PMC4845518 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2016.4762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune infertility, in terms of reproductive failure, has become a serious health issue involving approximately 1 out of 5 couples at reproductive age. Semen that is defined as a complex fluid containing sperm, cellular vesicles and other cells and components, could sensitize the female genital tract. The immune rejection of male semen in the female reproductive tract is explained as the failure of natural tolerance leading to local and/or systemic immune response. Present active immune mechanism may induce high levels of anti-seminal/sperm antibodies. It has already been proven that iso-immunization is associated with infertility. Comprehensive studies with regards to the identification of antibody-targets and the determination of specific antibody class contribute to the development of effective immuno-therapy and, on the other hand, potential immuno-contraception, and then of course to complex patient diagnosis. This review summarizes the aspects of female immune infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brazdova
- Department of Biochemistry, Allergy and Environment, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Helene Senechal
- Department of Biochemistry, Allergy and Environment, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Peltre
- Department of Biochemistry, Allergy and Environment, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Poncet
- Department of Biochemistry, Allergy and Environment, Armand-Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
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Zamani MR, Asbagh FA, Massoud AH, Salmaninejad A, Massoud A, Rezaei N. Association between a PD-1 gene polymorphism and antisperm antibody-related infertility in Iranian men. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 32:103-6. [PMID: 25399062 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1, Pdcd1), an immunoreceptor belonging to the CD28/CTLA-4 family negatively regulates antigen receptor signalling by recruiting protein tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-2 upon interacting with either of two ligands, PD-L1 or PD-L2. This study investigates PD-1 gene polymorphism in patients with antisperm antibody-related infertility METHODS Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion (PCR-RFLP), this polymorphism was genotyped in 145 Iranian subjects (61 patients with antisperm antibody-related infertility and 84 healthy controls). RESULTS Patients frequencies of the G/A genotype in comparison with healthy controls (38.2 % vs. 32.7 %, OR =1.21, P = 0.35) were not significantly different. However, G/G and A/A genotype frequencies between patients and healthy controls were significantly different (P = 0.042, P = 0.00001, respectively). Also, allele frequencies of this polymorphism were significantly different (P = 0.0012) in patients compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION According to these results, there is a correlation between PD-1 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to antisperm antibody-related infertility in our study group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zamani
- Department of Immunology and Biology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
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8
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Exploiting genomic data to identify proteins involved in abalone reproduction. J Proteomics 2014; 108:337-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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D'Angelo S, Mignone F, Deantonio C, Di Niro R, Bordoni R, Marzari R, De Bellis G, Not T, Ferrara F, Bradbury A, Santoro C, Sblattero D. Profiling celiac disease antibody repertoire. Clin Immunol 2013; 148:99-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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García L, Veiga MF, Lustig L, Vazquez-Levin MH, Veaute C. DNA Immunization Against Proacrosin Impairs Fertility in Male Mice. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 68:56-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2012.01127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucila García
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Ciudad Universitaria; Santa Fe; Argentina
| | - María F. Veiga
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME); National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET); Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - Livia Lustig
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - Mónica H. Vazquez-Levin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME); National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET); Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - Carolina Veaute
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Ciudad Universitaria; Santa Fe; Argentina
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Mahdi BM, Salih WH, Caitano AE, Kadhum BM, Ibrahim DS. Frequency of antisperm antibodies in infertile women. J Reprod Infertil 2011; 12:261-5. [PMID: 23926512 PMCID: PMC3719312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is one of the common problems seen in couples of reproductive age. Presence of antisperm antibodies in semen and serum are amongst the causes of immunoinfertility. This study was performed to determine antisperm antibodies in cervicovaginal secretions and serum of infertile women and also measure serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and IgA). METHODS The study consisted of 45 infertile women consulting the Kammal El-Sammrari Hospital for infertility from 2008 to 2009 and the control group consisted of 30 fertile women. Serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) were measured in the participants using single radial immune diffusion. Antisperm antibodies (ASAs) were detected in the serum of both infertile and control groups using indirect immune fluorescence test. ASAs were also detected in cervicovaginal secretion using direct sperm agglutination test in both infertile and control groups. RESULTS Antisperm antibodies were found in the cervicovaginal secretions (62.2%) and sera (64.4%) of infertile women which were significantly higher (p <0.001) than those of the control group (3.3% and 3.3% respectively). There was a significant increase (p <0.001) in serum levels of IgG and IgA of infertile women (16.2 and 3.25 g/L respectively) compared with the healthy control group (7 and 1.2 g/L). CONCLUSION Humoral immune response and antisperm antibodies may contribute to reproductive failure in couples of reproductive age.
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Ferro VA, Garside DA. Reproductive component vaccine developments for contraceptive and non-contraceptive uses. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:1473-82. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.594042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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McLaughlin EA, Aitken RJ. Is there a role for immunocontraception? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 335:78-88. [PMID: 20412833 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The world's population is continuing to grow at an alarming rate and yet no novel methods of contraception have been introduced since 1960s. The paucity of our current contraceptive armoury is indicated by the 46 million abortions that are performed each year, largely in developing countries where population growth is greatest. Thus, whatever new forms of fertility control we develop for the next millennium, the particular needs of developing countries should be borne in mind. Contraceptive vaccines have the potential to provide safe, effective, prolonged, reversible protection against pregnancy in a form that can be easily administered in the Third World. In this review we consider the contraceptive targets that might be pursued, how vaccines might be engineered and the problems generated by inter-individual variations in antibody titre. We conclude that the specifications for a safe, effective, reversible vaccine are more likely to be met in animals than man.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A McLaughlin
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Haidl G. Characterization of fertility related antisperm antibodies- a step towards causal treatment of immunological infertility and immuno-contraception. Asian J Androl 2010; 12:793-4. [PMID: 20835256 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2010.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Haidl
- Department of Dermatology/Andrology Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.
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Dun MD, Mitchell LA, Aitken RJ, Nixon B. Sperm-zona pellucida interaction: molecular mechanisms and the potential for contraceptive intervention. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2010:139-178. [PMID: 20839091 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02062-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
At the moment of insemination, millions of mammalian sperm cells are released into the female reproductive tract with the single goal of finding the oocyte. The spermatozoa subsequently ignore the thousands of cells they make contact with during their journey to the site of fertilization, until they reach the surface of the oocyte. At this point, they bind tenaciously to the acellular coat, known as the zona pellucida, which surrounds the oocyte and orchestrate a cascade of cellular interactions that culminate in fertilization. These exquisitely cell- and species- specific recognition events are among the most strategically important cellular interactions in biology. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underpin them has implications for the etiology of human infertility and the development of novel targets for fertility regulation. Herein we describe our current understanding of the molecular basis of successful sperm-zona pellucida binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Dun
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Wang M, Shi JL, Cheng GY, Hu YQ, Xu C. Corrigendum to “The antibody against a nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein can result in reproductive failure” by M. Wang et al. Asian J Androl 2009. [DOI: 10.1038/aja.2009.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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