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Sarkar S, Guha A, Sadhukhan R, Narayanan TN, Mondal J. Osmolytes as Cryoprotectants under Salt Stress. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5639-5652. [PMID: 37697623 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Cryoprotecting agent (CPA)-guided preservation is essential for effective protection of cells from cryoinjuries. However, current cryoprotecting technologies practiced to cryopreserve cells for biomedical applications are met with extreme challenges due to the associated toxicity of CPAs. Because of these limitations of present CPAs, the quest for nontoxic alternatives for useful application in cell-based biomedicines has been attracting growing interest. Toward this end, here, we investigate naturally occurring osmolytes' scope as biocompatible cryoprotectants under cold stress conditions in high-saline medium. Via a combination of the simulation and experiment on charged silica nanostructures, we render first-hand evidence that a pair of archetypal osmolytes, glycine and betaine, would act as a cryoprotectant by restoring the indigenous intersurface electrostatic interaction, which had been a priori screened due to the cold effect under salt stress. While these osmolytes' individual modes of action are sensitive to subtle chemical variation, a uniform augmentation in the extent of osmolytic activity is observed with an increase in temperature to counter the proportionately enhanced salt screening. The trend as noted in inorganic nanostructures is found to be recurrent and robustly transferable in a charged protein interface. In hindsight, our observation justifies the sufficiency of the reduced requirement of osmolytes in cells during critical cold conditions and encourages their direct usage and biomimicry for cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Sarkar
- Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Anku Guha
- Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Rayantan Sadhukhan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Tharangattu N Narayanan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Jagannath Mondal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India
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Li Z, Sun J, Li K, Qin J, Sun Y, Zeng J, El-Ashram S, Zhao Y. Metabolomic analysis reveals spermatozoa and seminal plasma differences between Duroc and Liang guang Small-spotted pig. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1078928. [PMID: 36686181 PMCID: PMC9853278 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1078928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Liang guang Small-spotted pig is a well-known Chinese indigenous pig that is valued for its exceptional meat quality. However, the Liang guang Small-spotted pig has a lower semen storage capacity, shorter storage time and worse semen quality compared to Duroc. Pig sperm used for artificial insemination (AI) loses part of vitality and quality when being stored in commercial solutions. Serious vitality losses and short shelf life of the semen are particularly prominent in Liang guang Small-spotted pig. In this study, the metabolites in seminal plasma and spermatozoa of Duroc and Liang guang Small-spotted pigs were identified using UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology. The findings indicated forty distinct metabolites concentrating on energy metabolic substrates and antioxidant capacity in Liang guang Small-spotted pig and Duroc seminal plasma, including D-Fructose, succinate, 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-d-gluconate, alanine betaine, citrate, carnitine, acetylcarnitine and so on. Seventeen different metabolites were explored, with a focus on glycerophospholipid metabolism in Liang guang Small-spotted pig and Duroc spermatozoa, primarily including glycerol 3-phosphate, acetylcarnitine, phosphatidylcholine (PC) 16:0/16:0, palmitoyl sphingomyelin, acetylcholine, choline, glycerophosphocholine, betaine, L-carnitine, creatinine and others. This study reveals the metabolite profile of spermatozoa and seminal plasma among different pig breeds and might be valuable for understanding the mechanisms that lead to sperm storage capacity. Metabolites involved in energy metabolism, antioxidant capacity and glycerophospholipid metabolism might be key to the poor sperm storage capacity in Liang guang Small-spotted pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jingshuai Sun
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kebiao Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jiali Qin
- Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd., Guigang, China
| | - Yanmei Sun
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jianhua Zeng
- Guangdong YIHAO Food Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yunxiang Zhao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China,Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd., Guigang, China,*Correspondence: Yunxiang Zhao ✉
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Altyeb YH, Absy G, Medan MS, Hassan ST, Elsayed DH. The effects of cysteine and L-carnitine on the DNA integrity of post-thaw sperm of frozen buck semen. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2022; 23:196-203. [PMID: 36425604 PMCID: PMC9681986 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2022.41489.6042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The addition of antioxidants to semen extenders is fundamental to limit oxidative changes resulting from cryopreservation. AIMS This experiment was designed to clarify the effects of cysteine and L-carnitine (LC) on post-thaw sperm criteria. METHODS Semen samples were collected once weekly from five mature Zaraibi bucks for 10 successive weeks. Fresh semen samples were evaluated for basic semen characteristics, and the accepted samples were pooled and divided into seven aliquots: control (Tris egg yolk extender), cysteine (2.5, 5 and 10 mM) and LC (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mM). Aliquots were diluted and subjected to cryopreservation procedures. After thawing, sperm criteria were evaluated regarding motility, viability, plasma membrane (hypo-osmotic swelling test, HOST) and acrosome integrity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and DNA comet assay. RESULTS Addition of both 10 mM cysteine and 7.5 mM LC significantly increased post-thaw sperm motility, viability, HOST, and acrosome integrity. Comet assay revealed significant decreases in DNA damage with best results at 2.5 mM cysteine and 7.5 mM LC. Besides, 10 mM cysteine and 7.5 mM LC exhibited significant diminish in MDA levels. Cysteine was positively correlated with sperm viability, acrosome integrity, and comet, but negatively correlated with MDA and tail length. Positive correlations were declared between LC and progressive motility, viability, HOST and TAC, while negative correlations were found with MDA, comet, tail DNA, tail moment, and olive tail moment. CONCLUSION Supplementing cysteine and LC to frozen buck semen improved sperm criteria and decreased DNA damage, possibly due to their effectiveness in the suppression of MDA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - D. H. Elsayed
- Correspondence: D. H. Elsayed, Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt. E-mail:
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Longobardi V, Salzano A, Campanile G, Marrone R, Palumbo F, Vitiello M, Zullo G, Gasparrini B. Carnitine supplementation decreases capacitation-like changes of frozen-thawed buffalo spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2017; 88:236-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Setyawan EMN, Kim MJ, Oh HJ, Kim GA, Jo YK, Lee SH, Choi YB, Lee BC. Maintaining canine sperm function and osmolyte content with multistep freezing protocol and different cryoprotective agents. Cryobiology 2015; 71:344-9. [PMID: 26297920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation procedures cause osmotic stress to spermatozoa following cryoinjury and reduce their content of osmolytes. Conventional method for cryoprotectant loading and dilution on canine semen freezing which could be categorized in single step protocol, makes decreasing in sperm performance such as motility, morphology and viability. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine if a multistep protocol using glycerol or ethylene glycol can be used to overcome the osmotic sensitivity of canine spermatozoa, and to identify osmolytes that were involved in regulation of osmotic stress. A multistep protocol, comprising serial loading and dilution of cryoprotective agents by dividing the total volume of extender into 4 steps (14%, 19%, 27%, and 40%) every 30s, was compared to a single step method. Frozen-thawed spermatozoa in the multistep group showed superior quality (P<0.05) compared with the single step process in progressive motility (23.3 ± 1.3% vs. 12.5 ± 1.6%), intact membranes (66.5 ± 2.8% vs. 49.5 ± 2.6%) and bent tail (29.2 ± 3.2% vs. 46.2 ± 1.9%). Multistep also succeeded in minimizing loss of the osmolytes carnitine (20.6 ± 2.0 nmol/U G6PDH vs. 10.8 ± 2.1 nmol/U G6PDH) and glutamate (18.4 ± 1.6 nmol/U G6PDH vs. 14.4 ± 0.8 nmol/U G6PDH) compared to the single step group. Moreover, glycerol with multistep was more advantageous for maintaining sperm quality than ethylene glycol. In conclusion, the multistep protocol with glycerol can be used to improve the morphology, motility and osmolytes content of frozen-thawed canine spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erif Maha Nugraha Setyawan
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Oh
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon A Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kwang Jo
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hee Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Bin Choi
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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Banihani S, Agarwal A, Sharma R, Bayachou M. Cryoprotective effect ofl-carnitine on motility, vitality and DNA oxidation of human spermatozoa. Andrologia 2013; 46:637-41. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
| | - A. Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine; Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland OH USA
| | - R. Sharma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine; Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland OH USA
| | - M. Bayachou
- Department of Chemistry; Cleveland State University; Cleveland OH USA
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Cooper TG. The epididymis, cytoplasmic droplets and male fertility. Asian J Androl 2011; 13:130-8. [PMID: 21076437 PMCID: PMC3739406 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2010.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of spermatozoa to become motile during post-testicular maturation, and the relationship between the cytoplasmic droplet and fertilizing capacity are reviewed. Post-testicular maturation of spermatozoa involves the autonomous induction of motility, which can occur in vivo in testes with occluded excurrent ducts and in vitro in testicular explants, and artefactual changes in morphology that appear to occur in the testis in vitro. Both modifications may reflect time-dependent oxidation of disulphide bonds of head and tail proteins. Regulatory volume decrease (RVD), which counters sperm swelling at ejaculation, is discussed in relation to loss of cytoplasmic droplets and consequences for fertility. It is postulated that: (i) fertile males possess spermatozoa with sufficient osmolytes to drive RVD at ejaculation, permitting the droplet to round up and pinch off without membrane rupture; and (ii) infertile males possess spermatozoa with insufficient osmolytes so that RVD is inadequate, the droplet swells and the resulting flagellar angulation prevents droplet loss. Droplet retention at ejaculation is a harbinger of infertility caused by failure of the spermatozoon to negotiate the uterotubal junction or mucous and reach the egg. In this hypothesis, the epididymis regulates fertility indirectly by the extent of osmolyte provision to spermatozoa, which influences RVD and therefore droplet loss. Man is an exception, because ejaculated human spermatozoa retain their droplets. This may reflect their short midpiece, approximating head length, permitting a swollen droplet to extend along the entire midpiece; this not only obviates droplet migration and flagellar angulation but also hampers droplet loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor G Cooper
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany.
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Damm OS, Cooper TG. Maturation of sperm volume regulation in the rat epididymis. Asian J Androl 2010; 12:578-90. [PMID: 20531277 PMCID: PMC3739377 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2010.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm maturation in the epididymis may involve differences between mature and immature spermatozoa in their volume regulatory osmolyte response. Spermatozoa obtained from the rat caput and cauda epididymidis were examined for their ability to regulate volume after transfer from in situ epididymal osmolality (measured to be 343 +/- 13 and 365 +/- 19 mmol kg(-1), respectively) to that of the female tract in single- and multiple-step protocols. Cells withstood the single-step treatment better than the multistep protocol. Sperm volume estimates by flow cytometric measurements of forward scatter of cells with intact head membranes was more sensitive than those by assessing cell coiling microscopically. At osmolalites below 210 mmol kg(-1) both caput and cauda cells ruptured, limiting the use of flow cytometry. Above this critical value, the use of quinine showed that both caput and cauda cells could regulate volume, but cauda cells were the more effective. Of several organic osmolytes studied, myo-inositol, glutamate and KCl caused only temporary and slight swelling of spermatozoa cells in hypotonic medium. Spermatozoa of both maturities seemed to use potassium as the preferred osmolyte for regulating volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver S. Damm
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology of the University Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Trevor G. Cooper
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology of the University Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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