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Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Commercial Cinnamon Samples and Its Vasculature Effects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1992039. [PMID: 35368871 PMCID: PMC8967587 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1992039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Growing concerns on free radicals are the oxidative processes associated with physiological damage. The consumption of functional foods and use of plants with antioxidant capacity are widespread. Given the importance of determining antioxidant capacity in relation to the therapeutic effect, this study was aimed at evaluating cinnamon extract (Cinnamomum sp.) in commercial samples by spectrophotometric and voltammetric methods and assessing the vascular activity of some samples. The spectrophotometric methods performed were DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrihydrazine), ABTS (2,21-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), and Folin-Ciocalteu radical sequestration assays. For the electrochemical experiments, a three-electrode system was used, consisting of carbon paste electrode, platinum wire, and Ag/AgCl/KClsat, representing the working, auxiliary, and reference electrodes, respectively. The electroanalytical methods used were differential pulse, square wave, and cyclic voltammetries. The extracts were prepared in hydroalcoholic solution. A calibration curve with gallic acid was calculated to quantify their equivalent amounts in the analyzed extract. The correlation between the electrochemical approach and the total phenols calculated by the ABTS, DPPH, and Folin-Ciocalteu methods was 0.63, 0.7, and 0.73, respectively, with 1 being an ideal directly proportional correlation. The correlation between spectrophotometric methods was 0.83. A biosensor was developed in a carbon paste electrode using the enzyme laccase, obtained by the fungus Marasmiellus colocasiae. It was observed that the antioxidant profile of the cinnamon samples had an analytical sign improvement of up to 4 times when compared with the electrode without the modification. The samples were analyzed by mass spectrometer, and the main chemical markers found were coumarin, cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol. Pharmacological trials showed that these samples also induce a significant vasorelaxant effect associated to antioxidant potential on vascular injury induced by oxidative stress. Thus, cinnamon showed a high antioxidant capacity, in agreement with the results obtained in other studies, emphasizing its importance as a functional food.
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Junior JB, Arantes DAC, Siqueira Leite KC, de Souza Gil E, Rocha ML. Protective Effects of Grape Juice on Vascular Damage Induced by Chlorine Free Radical in Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:417-424. [PMID: 35047438 PMCID: PMC8747961 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.4.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapes and their derivatives have antioxidant and cardioprotective properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that grape juice (GJ) could improve vascular oxidative damage caused by chlorine radicals (OCl−), which are excessively produced in vascular tissue during cardiovascular diseases (mainly diabetes and hypertension). The antioxidant capacity of GJ was analyzed by an electrochemical method, followed by administration in rats (100 or 300 mg/kg/d, via the oral) for seven days. Then, rats were sacrificed, and their aortas were isolated and subjected to isometric recordings or immuno-histochemical analyses with or without exposure to OCl− (5, 20, or 100 μM, 60 min). Concentration-effect curves for acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were derived to analyze endothelium-dependent or independent vasore-laxation. The GJ presented with high antioxidant capacity, and treatment with GJ did not alter vascular relaxation induced by ACh or SNP. After exposure to OCl−, endothelium-denuded arteries showed preserved relaxation with SNP, whereas endothelium-intact arteries showed reduced relaxation with ACh. OCl− at various concentrations induced significantly decreased relaxation of arteries (80.6±4.2%, 55.4±4.7%, and 28.1±5.9%, respectively) vs. control arteries (96.8±2.4%). However, treatment with GJ prevented loss in relaxation caused by 5 and 20 μM OCl− and improved relaxation after exposure to 100 μM OCl−. Exposure to OCl− induced increased nitrotyrosine immunostaining of endothelial cell layers, which was improved by GJ treatment. Altogether, vascular damage caused by OCl− was prevented by treatment with GJ, and GJ prevented nitrosative stress in these vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Britto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eric de Souza Gil
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Matheus Lavorenti Rocha
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia 74605-220, Brazil
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Sarafian D, Maufrais C, Montani JP. Early and Late Cardiovascular and Metabolic Responses to Mixed Wine: Effect of Drink Temperature. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1334. [PMID: 30319445 PMCID: PMC6168674 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Red wine is usually ingested as an unmixed drink. However, mixtures of wine with juices and/or sucrose (mixed wine) are becoming more and more popular and could be ingested at either cold or hot temperature. Although the temperature effects on the cardiovascular system have been described for water and tea, with greater energy expenditure (EE) and lower cardiac workload with a colder drink, little information is available on the impact of temperature of alcoholic beverages on alcoholemia and cardiometabolic parameters. The purpose of the present study was to compare the acute cardiovascular and metabolic changes in response to mixed wine ingested at a cold or at a hot temperature. Methods: In a randomized crossover design, 14 healthy young adults (seven men and seven women) were assigned to cold or hot mixed wine ingestion. Continuous cardiovascular, metabolic, and cutaneous monitoring was performed in a comfortable sitting position during a 30-min baseline and for 120 min after ingesting 400 ml of mixed wine, with the alcohol content adjusted to provide 0.4 g ethanol/kg of body weight and drunk at either cold (3°C) or hot (55°C) temperature. Breath alcohol concentration was measured intermittently throughout the study. Results: Overall, alcoholemia was not altered by drink temperature, with a tendency toward greater values in women compared to men. Early responses to mixed wine ingestion (0–20 min) indicated that cold drink transiently increased mean blood pressure (BP), cardiac vagal tone, and decreased skin blood flow (SkBf) whereas hot drink did not change BP, decreased vagal tone, and increased SkBf. Both cold and hot mixed wine led to increases in EE and reductions in respiratory quotient. Late responses (60–120 min) led to similar cardiovascular and metabolic changes at both drink temperatures. Conclusion: The magnitude and/or the directional change of most of the study variables differed during the first 20 min following ingestion and may be related to drink temperature. By contrast, late changes in cardiometabolic outcomes were similar between cold and hot wine ingestion, underlying the typical effect of alcohol and sugar intake on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Sarafian
- Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Claire Maufrais
- Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Montani
- Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Costa C, Tsatsakis A, Mamoulakis C, Teodoro M, Briguglio G, Caruso E, Tsoukalas D, Margina D, Dardiotis E, Kouretas D, Fenga C. Current evidence on the effect of dietary polyphenols intake on chronic diseases. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 110:286-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Figueiredo EAD, Alves NFB, Monteiro MMDO, Cavalcanti CDO, Silva TMSD, Silva TMGD, Braga VDA, Oliveira EDJ. Antioxidant and Antihypertensive Effects of a Chemically Defined Fraction of Syrah Red Wine on Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9060574. [PMID: 28587200 PMCID: PMC5490553 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A particularly phenolic-rich fraction extracted from red wine from the São Francisco valley (Northeastern Brazil) was chemically characterized and its hypotensive and antioxidant effects on spontaneously hypertensive rats were studied both in vitro and in vivo. The liquid-liquid pH dependent fractionation scheme afforded a fraction with high content of bioactive phenolics such as flavonols, flavonol glycosides, phenolic acids and anthocyanins, whose identities were confirmed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis. Pretreatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with this wine fraction at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg by gavage for 15 days was able to decrease mean arterial pressure and heart rate as well as decrease serum lipid peroxidation. The fraction at concentrations of 0.01–1000 µg/mL induced concentration-dependent relaxation of isolated rat superior mesenteric artery rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine and this effect was not attenuated by endothelium removal. Our results demonstrate it is possible for phenolic constituents of red wine that are orally bioavailable to exert in vivo hypotensive and antioxidant effects on intact endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugênia Abrantes de Figueiredo
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Campus I, João Pessoa, PB 58051-970, Brazil.
| | - Naiane Ferraz Bandeira Alves
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Campus I, João Pessoa, PB 58051-970, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Morais de Oliveira Monteiro
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Campus I, João Pessoa, PB 58051-970, Brazil.
| | - Clenia de Oliveira Cavalcanti
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Campus I, João Pessoa, PB 58051-970, Brazil.
| | - Tania Maria Sarmento da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Bioprospecção Fitoquímica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Telma Maria Guedes da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Bioprospecção Fitoquímica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Valdir de Andrade Braga
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Campus I, João Pessoa, PB 58051-970, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo de Jesus Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucurí, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil.
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Antioxidant potential and vasodilatory activity of fermented beverages of jabuticaba berry (Myrciaria jaboticaba). J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Siasos G, Tousoulis D, Kokkou E, Oikonomou E, Kollia ME, Verveniotis A, Gouliopoulos N, Zisimos K, Plastiras A, Maniatis K, Stefanadis C. Favorable effects of concord grape juice on endothelial function and arterial stiffness in healthy smokers. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:38-45. [PMID: 24061071 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpt176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is associated with impaired vascular function. Concord grape juice (CGJ), a rich source of flavonoids, can modify cardiovascular risk factors. Endothelial function and arterial stiffness are surrogate markers of arterial health. We examined the impact of CGJ on arterial wall properties in healthy smokers. METHODS We studied the effect of a 2-week oral treatment with CGJ in 26 healthy smokers on 3 occasions (day 0 (baseline), day 7, and day 14) in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. Measurements were taken before (pSm), immediately after (Sm0), and 20 minutes after (Sm20) cigarette smoking. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as an index of aortic stiffness. RESULTS Compared with placebo, treatment with CGJ resulted in a significant improvement in pSm values of FMD (P = 0.02) and PWV (P = 0.04). At baseline, smoking decreased FMD in both the CGJ group (P < 0.001) and the placebo group (P < 0.001). Compared with placebo, CGJ treatment prevented the acute smoking-induced decrease in FMD on day 7 (P = 0.02) and day 14 (P < 0.001). Moreover, at baseline, smoking induced a significant elevation in PWV in both the CGJ group (P = 0.02) and the placebo group (P = 0.04). Treatment with CGJ prevented the smoking-induced elevation in PWV on day 7 (P = 0.003) and day 14 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CGJ consumption improved endothelial function and vascular elastic properties of the arterial tree in healthy smokers and attenuated acute smoking-induced impairment of arterial wall properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Siasos
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Kokkou
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleni Kollia
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aleksis Verveniotis
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Gouliopoulos
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Zisimos
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Plastiras
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Maniatis
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christodoulos Stefanadis
- First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Turgut Coşan D, Saydam F, Özbayer C, Doğaner F, Soyocak A, Güneş HV, Değirmenci İ, Kurt H, Üstüner MC, Bal C. Impact of tannic acid on blood pressure, oxidative stress and urinary parameters in L-NNA-induced hypertensive rats. Cytotechnology 2013; 67:97-105. [PMID: 24306272 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major health problem with increasing prevalence around the world. Tannic acid is water-soluble polyphenol that is present in tea, green tea, coffee, red wine, nuts, fruits and many plant foods. It has been reported to serve as an antioxidant or a pro-oxidant depending on the type of cells and its concentration. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of tannic acid on systolic blood pressure, oxidative stress and some urinary parameters in the rat model of essential hypertension. Blood pressures of all rats were measured using the tail-cuff method. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N (omega)-nitro-L-arginine was administered orally at a dose of 0.5 g/l/day for 15 days to rats in order to create an animal model of hypertension. Tannic acid was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 15 days. Superoxide dismutase, catalase activity and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in blood plasma and homogenates of heart, liver and kidney. In order to evaluate renal functions, urine pH, urine volume, urine creatine, uric acid, and urea nitrogen values were measured. Compared with the hypertension group, a decrease in MDA concentrations of heart tissue (p < 0.01), urea nitrogen values (p < 0.01) and urine volumes (p < 0.001) were established in hypertension + tannic acid group. There was also a decrease in blood pressure values (20th and 30th days) of this group, but there was no a statistical difference according to hypertension group. The findings of our research show the effect of tannic acid in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Turgut Coşan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey,
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Affiliation(s)
- Huige Li
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Förstermann
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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