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Elnagar MR, Walls AB, Helal GK, Hamada FM, Thomsen MS, Jensen AA. Probing the putative α7 nAChR/NMDAR complex in human and murine cortex and hippocampus: Different degrees of complex formation in healthy and Alzheimer brain tissue. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189513. [PMID: 29261717 PMCID: PMC5738045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are key mediators of central cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, respectively. In addition to numerous well-established functional interactions between α7 nAChRs and NMDARs, the two receptors have been proposed to form a multimeric complex, and in the present study we have investigated this putative α7 nAChR/NMDAR assembly in human and murine brain tissues. By α-bungarotoxin (BGT) affinity purification, α7 and NMDAR subunits were co-purified from human and murine cortical and hippocampal homogenates, substantiating the notion that the receptors are parts of a multimeric complex in the human and rodent brain. Interestingly, the ratios between GluN1 and α7 levels in BGT pull-downs from cortical homogenates from Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains were significantly lower than those in pull-downs from non-AD controls, indicating a reduced degree of α7 nAChR/NMDAR complex formation in the diseased tissue. A similar difference in GluN1/α7 ratios was observed between pull-downs from cortical homogenates from adult 3xTg-AD and age-matched wild type (WT) mice, whereas the GluN1/α7 ratios determined in pull-downs from young 3xTg-AD and age-matched WT mice did not differ significantly. The observation that pretreatment with oligomeric amyloid-β1-42 reduced GluN1/α7 ratios in BGT pull-downs from human cortical homogenate in a concentration-dependent manner provided a plausible molecular mechanism for this observed reduction. In conclusion, while it will be important to further challenge the existence of the putative α7 nAChR/NMDAR complex in future studies applying other methodologies than biochemical assays and to investigate the functional implications of this complex for cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, this work supports the formation of the complex and presents new insights into its regulation in healthy and diseased brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R. Elnagar
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Al-Mokhaym Al-Daem, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anne Byriel Walls
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Gouda K. Helal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Al-Mokhaym Al-Daem, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farid M. Hamada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Al-Mokhaym Al-Daem, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Morten Skøtt Thomsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anders A. Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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9
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Leblond CS, Heinrich J, Delorme R, Proepper C, Betancur C, Huguet G, Konyukh M, Chaste P, Ey E, Rastam M, Anckarsäter H, Nygren G, Gillberg IC, Melke J, Toro R, Regnault B, Fauchereau F, Mercati O, Lemière N, Skuse D, Poot M, Holt R, Monaco AP, Järvelä I, Kantojärvi K, Vanhala R, Curran S, Collier DA, Bolton P, Chiocchetti A, Klauck SM, Poustka F, Freitag CM, Waltes R, Kopp M, Duketis E, Bacchelli E, Minopoli F, Ruta L, Battaglia A, Mazzone L, Maestrini E, Sequeira AF, Oliveira B, Vicente A, Oliveira G, Pinto D, Scherer SW, Zelenika D, Delepine M, Lathrop M, Bonneau D, Guinchat V, Devillard F, Assouline B, Mouren MC, Leboyer M, Gillberg C, Boeckers TM, Bourgeron T. Genetic and functional analyses of SHANK2 mutations suggest a multiple hit model of autism spectrum disorders. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002521. [PMID: 22346768 PMCID: PMC3276563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders with a complex inheritance pattern. While many rare variants in synaptic proteins have been identified in patients with ASD, little is known about their effects at the synapse and their interactions with other genetic variations. Here, following the discovery of two de novo SHANK2 deletions by the Autism Genome Project, we identified a novel 421 kb de novo SHANK2 deletion in a patient with autism. We then sequenced SHANK2 in 455 patients with ASD and 431 controls and integrated these results with those reported by Berkel et al. 2010 (n = 396 patients and n = 659 controls). We observed a significant enrichment of variants affecting conserved amino acids in 29 of 851 (3.4%) patients and in 16 of 1,090 (1.5%) controls (P = 0.004, OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.23-4.70). In neuronal cell cultures, the variants identified in patients were associated with a reduced synaptic density at dendrites compared to the variants only detected in controls (P = 0.0013). Interestingly, the three patients with de novo SHANK2 deletions also carried inherited CNVs at 15q11-q13 previously associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In two cases, the nicotinic receptor CHRNA7 was duplicated and in one case the synaptic translation repressor CYFIP1 was deleted. These results strengthen the role of synaptic gene dysfunction in ASD but also highlight the presence of putative modifier genes, which is in keeping with the "multiple hit model" for ASD. A better knowledge of these genetic interactions will be necessary to understand the complex inheritance pattern of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S. Leblond
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Jutta Heinrich
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Richard Delorme
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
| | | | - Catalina Betancur
- INSERM, U952, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7224, Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Marina Konyukh
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Chaste
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Ey
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Maria Rastam
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Gudrun Nygren
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - I. Carina Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Melke
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Roberto Toro
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Beatrice Regnault
- Eukaryote Genotyping Platform, Genopole, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Fauchereau
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Oriane Mercati
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Lemière
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - David Skuse
- Behavioural and Brain Sciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Poot
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Holt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P. Monaco
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Irma Järvelä
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Kantojärvi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raija Vanhala
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarah Curran
- Academic Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Collier
- Social Genetic Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Bolton
- Academic Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Social Genetic Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Chiocchetti
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine M. Klauck
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fritz Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine M. Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Regina Waltes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marnie Kopp
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eftichia Duketis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elena Bacchelli
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Liliana Ruta
- Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Paediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agatino Battaglia
- Stella Maris Clinical Research Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Mazzone
- Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Maestrini
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ana F. Sequeira
- Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, Oeiras, Portugal
- Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Barbara Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, Oeiras, Portugal
- Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Astrid Vicente
- Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, Oeiras, Portugal
- Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Guiomar Oliveira
- Unidade Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo, Centro Investigação e Formação Clinica, Hospital Pediátrico Coimbra e Faculdade Medicina, Universidade Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dalila Pinto
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Dominique Bonneau
- INSERM U771 and CNRS 6214, Angers, France
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Guinchat
- CADIPA–Centre de Ressources Autisme Rhône-Alpes, Saint Egrève, France
| | | | | | - Marie-Christine Mouren
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- INSERM, U955, Psychiatrie Génétique, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor–A. Chenevier, Département de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 2182 “Genes, synapses and cognition,” Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- University Denis Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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