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Ismail EA, El-Sakka AI. An overview of conventional and investigational phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for treating erectile dysfunction and other conditions. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:925-938. [PMID: 39096237 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2388569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a rising concern about developing innovative, efficacious PDE5I molecules that provide better safety, efficacy, and tolerability with less adverse effects. Innovative PDE5I with dual targets have also been defined in the literature. Additionally, some of PDE5I are able to selectively inhibit other enzymes such as histone deacetylase, acetylcholine esterase, and cyclooxygenase or act as nitric oxide donors. This review presents knowledge concerning the advanced trends and perspectives in using PDE5I in treatment of ED and other conditions. AREAS COVERED Pre-clinical and early clinical trials that investigated the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of novel PDE5I such as Udenafil, Mirodenafil, Lodenafil, Youkenafil, Celecoxib, and TPN729 in treatment of ED and other conditions. EXPERT OPINION Preclinical and limited early clinical studies of the new molecules of PDE5I have demonstrated encouraging results; however, safety, efficacy, and tolerability are still issues that necessitate further long-term multicenter clinical studies to ensure justification of their uses in treatment of ED and other conditions. Progress in molecular delivery techniques and tailored patient-specific management and additional therapeutic technology will dramatically improve care for ED and other conditions. The dream of ED and many other conditions becoming more effectively managed may be feasible in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat A Ismail
- Department of Urology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Wang L, Zhao P, Luo T, Yang D, Jiang Q, Chen J, Lou H, Ruan Z, Jiang B. Physiologically based absorption modeling to predict the bioequivalence of two cilostazol formulations. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:2323-2330. [PMID: 37718502 PMCID: PMC10651633 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo pharmacokinetic simulations and virtual bioequivalence (BE) evaluation of cilostazol have not yet been described for humans. Here, we successfully developed a physiologically based absorption model to simulate plasma concentrations of cilostazol. In addition, virtual population simulations integrating dissolution of 0.3% sodium dodecyl sulfate water media were executed to evaluate the BE of test and reference formulations. Simulation results show that test and reference formulations were bioequivalent among 28 subjects, but not nine subjects, consistent with clinical studies. The model proved to be an important tool to show potential BE for cilostazol. This finding may facilitate understanding of the potential risks during the development of generic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ting Luo
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Dandan Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qianqian Jiang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Honggang Lou
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zourong Ruan
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Bo Jiang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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Pan-Genomics of Escherichia albertii for Antibiotic Resistance Profiling in Different Genome Fractions and Natural Product Mediated Intervention: In Silico Approach. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020541. [PMID: 36836896 PMCID: PMC9962377 DOI: 10.3390/life13020541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging, enteric pathogen of significance. It was first isolated in 2003 from a pediatric diarrheal sample from Bangladesh. In this study, a comprehensive in silico strategy was followed to first list out antibiotic-resistant genes from core, accessory and unique genome fractions of 95 available genomes of E. albertii. Then, 56 drug targets were identified from the core essential genome. Finally, ZipA, an essential cell division protein that stabilizes the FtsZ protofilaments by cross-linking them and serves as a cytoplasmic membrane anchor for the Z ring, was selected for further downstream processing. It was computationally modeled using a threading approach, followed by virtual screening of two phytochemical libraries, Ayurvedic (n = 2103 compounds) and Traditional Chinese Medicine (n = 36,043 compounds). ADMET profiling, followed by PBPK modeling in the central body compartment, in a population of 250 non-diseased, 250 cirrhotic and 250 renally impaired people was attempted. ZINC85624912 from Chinese medicinal library showed the highest bioavailability and plasma retention. This is the first attempt to simulate the fate of natural products in the body through PBPK. Dynamics simulation of 20 ns for the top three compounds from both libraries was also performed to validate the stability of the compounds. The obtained information from the current study could aid wet-lab scientists to work on the scaffold of screened drug-like compounds from natural resources and could be useful in our quest for therapy against antibiotic-resistant E. albertii.
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Li X, Chen C, Ding N, Zhang T, Zheng P, Yang M. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation to predict the plasma concentration profile of schaftoside after oral administration of total flavonoids of Desmodium styracifolium. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1073535. [PMID: 36588682 PMCID: PMC9794590 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1073535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The total flavonoids of Desmodium styracifolium (TFDS) are the flavonoid extracts purified from Desmodii Styracifolii Herba. The capsule of TFDS was approved for the treatment of urolithiasis by NMPA in 2022. Schaftoside is the representative compound of TFDS that possesses antilithic and antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of schaftoside to simulate its plasma concentration profile in rat and human after oral administration of the total flavonoids of Desmodium styracifolium. Methods: The physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of schaftoside was firstly developed and verified by the pharmacokinetic data in rats following intravenous injection and oral administration of the total flavonoids of Desmodium styracifolium. Then the PBPK model was extrapolated to human with PK-Sim® software. In order to assess the accuracy of the extrapolation, a preliminary multiple-dose clinical study was performed in four healthy volunteers aged 18-45 years old. The predictive performance of PBPK model was mainly evaluated by visual predictive checks and fold error of Cmax and AUC0-t of schaftoside (the ratio of predicted to observed). Finally, the adult PBPK model was scaled to several subpopulations including elderly and renally impaired patients. Results: Schaftoside underwent poor metabolism in rat and human liver microsomes in vitro, and in vivo it was extensively excreted into urine and bile as an unchanged form. By utilizing literature and experimental data, the PBPK model of schaftoside was well established in rat and human. The predicted plasma concentration profiles of schaftoside were consistent with the corresponding observed data, and the fold error values were within the 2-fold acceptance criterion. No significant pharmacokinetic differences were observed after extrapolation from adult (18-40 years old) to elderly populations (71-80 years) in PK-Sim®. However, the plasma concentration of schaftoside was predicted to be much higher in renally impaired patients. The maximum steady-state plasma concentrations in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3, 4 and 5 were 3.41, 12.32 and 23.77 times higher, respectively, than those in healthy people. Conclusion: The established PBPK model of schaftoside provided useful insight for dose selection of the total flavonoids of Desmodium styracifolium in different populations. This study provided a feasible way for the assessment of efficacy and safety of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Phase I Clinical Research Lab, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Phase I Clinical Research Lab, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Phase I Clinical Research Lab, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Research Lab, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyong Zheng
- Clinical Research Center, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Peiyong Zheng, ; Ming Yang,
| | - Ming Yang
- Phase I Clinical Research Lab, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Clinical Research Center, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Peiyong Zheng, ; Ming Yang,
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5
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Chen J, Ruan Z, Lou H, Yang D, Shao R, Xu Y, Hu X, Jiang B. First-in-human study to investigate the safety and pharmacokinetics of salvianolic acid A and pharmacokinetic simulation using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:907208. [PMID: 36408276 PMCID: PMC9672460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.907208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a water-soluble phenolic acid component from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge currently under development for myocardial protection treatment for coronary heart disease (CHD). We investigated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple ascending doses of SAA. Additionally, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to simulate the pharmacokinetics of SAA. This was a first-in-human (FIH), randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single, and multiple-dose study in 116 healthy Chinese subjects with the range of 10-300 mg and 60-200 mg SAA, respectively. SAA was well tolerated at all dose levels, following both single and multiple doses, with a low overall incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) which appeared to be no dose-related. The main pharmacokinetic parameter of SAA, assessed by the power model, was the lack of proportionality with the dose range after single dosing. The 90% CIs of the slope β of Cmax (1.214 [1.150-1.278]) and AUC0-t (1.222 [1.156-1.288]) were not within the predefined acceptance range, and the direction of the deviation was higher than expected. PBPK modeling suggested the transfer ability saturation of hepatic organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) might result in a relatively low distribution rate at higher doses. Clinical plasma concentrations observed were in good agreement with PBPK prediction. SAA showed well-characterized pharmacokinetics and was generally well tolerated in the dose range investigated. The PBPK model provides valuable pharmacokinetic knowledge for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Jiang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Metabolic characterization of a potent natural neuroprotective agent dendrobine in vitro and in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1059-1071. [PMID: 34183753 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobine is the main sesquiterpene alkaloid of Dendrobium nobile Lindl, which exhibits potent neuroprotective activity. However, its metabolism and disposition are little known. In this study, we investigated the metabolic characteristics of dendrobine in vitro and in rats. The metabolic stability and temporal profile of metabolites formation of dendrobine were assayed in human/rat liver microsomal and S9 fractions. Dendrobine metabolites were separated and identified mainly by UPLC-Q/Orbitrap MS. After oral administration of dendrobine (50 mg/kg) to rats, the accumulative excretion rate of dendrobine in feces, urine, and bile was 0.27%, 0.52%, and 0.031%, respectively, and low systematic exposure of dendrobine (AUC0-∞ = 629.2 ± 56.4 ng·h/mL) was observed. We demonstrated that the elimination of dendrobine was very rapid in liver microsomal incubation (the in vitro elimination t1/2 in rat and human liver microsomes was 1.35 and 5.61 min, respectively). Dendrobine underwent rapid and extensive metabolism; cytochrome P450, especially CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19, were mainly responsible for its metabolism. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase were involved in the formation of carboxylic acid metabolites. By the aid of in-source fragmentation screening, hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiment, post-acquisition processing software, and available reference standards, 50 metabolites were identified and characterized in liver microsomal incubation and in rats. The major metabolic pathways of dendrobine were N-demethylation, N-oxidation, and dehydrogenation, followed by hydroxylation and glucuronidation. Collectively, the metabolic fate of dendrobine elucidated in this study not only yields benefits for its subsequent metabolism study but also facilitates to better understanding the mode of action of dendrobine and evaluating the pharmacologic efficiency of the high exposure metabolites.
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Cheng H, Yu J, Yang C, Zhang N, Fan Z, Zhang X, Wang J, Wang Z, Zhong DF, He JX, Yan S, Diao X. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of [ 14C]TPN729 after oral administration to rats. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:79-90. [PMID: 35038952 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
TPN729, a novel phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), is in phase II clinical trials in China. Previous studies suggested that TPN729 possesses promising therapeutic value. In previous non-radiolabeled rat excretion studies, the recovery of TPN729 and its major metabolites accounted for approximately 8.58% of the administration dose in urine and feces by 48 h post-dose.To solve this problem and further study the metabolism of TPN729 in rats, we used the radio-isotopic tracing technique for the first time. In this study, the mass balance, tissue distribution, and metabolism of TPN729 were evaluated in rats after a single oral dose of 25 mg/kg [14C]TPN729 (150 μCi/kg).At 168 h post-dose, the mean total radioactivity recovery of the dose was 92.13%. Feces was the major excretion route, accounting for 74.63% of the dose, and urine excretion accounted for 17.50%. After oral administration of [14C]TPN729, radioactivity was widely distributed in all examined tissues, and a higher radioactivity concentration was observed in the stomach, large intestine, lung, liver, small intestine, and eyes. The concentration of drug-related materials were similar in plasma and blood cells. A total of 51 metabolites were identified in rat plasma, urine, feces, and bile, and the predominant metabolically susceptible position of TPN729 was the pyrrolidine moiety. The main metabolic pathways were N-dealkylation, oxidation, dehydrogenation, and glucuronidation.In summary, we solved the previous problem of low drug recovery, elucidated the major excretion pathway, determined the tissue distribution patterns, and investigated the metabolism of TPN729 in rats by using a radioisotopic tracing technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Henan Topfond Pharma Co., Ltd, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | | | - Junchen Wang
- Henan Topfond Pharma Co., Ltd, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Da-Fang Zhong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ji-Xiang He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Shu Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xingxing Diao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
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Tian QQ, Zhu YT, Diao XX, Zhang XL, Xu YC, Jiang XR, Shen JS, Wang Z, Zhong DF. Species differences in the CYP3A-catalyzed metabolism of TPN729, a novel PDE5 inhibitor. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:482-490. [PMID: 32581257 PMCID: PMC8027186 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TPN729 is a novel phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor used to treat erectile dysfunction in men. Our previous study shows that the plasma exposure of metabolite M3 (N-dealkylation of TPN729) in humans is much higher than that of TPN729. In this study, we compared its metabolism and pharmacokinetics in different species and explored the contribution of its main metabolite M3 to pharmacological effect. We conducted a combinatory approach of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolite identification, and examined pharmacokinetic profiles in monkeys, dogs, and rats following TPN729 administration. A remarkable species difference was observed in the relative abundance of major metabolite M3: i.e., the plasma exposure of M3 was 7.6-fold higher than that of TPN729 in humans, and 3.5-, 1.2-, 1.1-fold in monkeys, dogs, and rats, respectively. We incubated liver S9 and liver microsomes with TPN729 and CYP3A inhibitors, and demonstrated that CYP3A was responsible for TPN729 metabolism and M3 formation in humans. The inhibitory activity of M3 on PDE5 was 0.78-fold that of TPN729 (The IC50 values of TPN729 and M3 for PDE5A were 6.17 ± 0.48 and 7.94 ± 0.07 nM, respectively.). The plasma protein binding rates of TPN729 and M3 in humans were 92.7% and 98.7%, respectively. It was astonishing that the catalyzing capability of CYP3A4 in M3 formation exhibited seven-fold disparity between different species. M3 was an active metabolite, and its pharmacological contribution was equal to that of TPN729 in humans. These findings provide new insights into the limitation and selection of animal model for predicting the clinical pharmacokinetics of drug candidates metabolized by CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun-Ting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing-Xing Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiang-Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ye-Chun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiang-Rui Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing-Shan Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Da-Fang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Lee BI, Lim JH, Park MH, Shin SH, Byeon JJ, Choi JM, Park SJ, Park MJ, Park Y, Shin YG. Qualification and application of liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric method for the determination of carisbamate in rat plasma and prediction of its human pharmacokinetics using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2020; 28:147-159. [PMID: 33062628 PMCID: PMC7533164 DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2020.28.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carisbamate is an antiepileptic drug and it also has broad neuroprotective activity and anticonvulsant reaction. In this study, a liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric (LC-qTOF-MS) method was developed and applied for the determination of carisbamate in rat plasma to support in vitro and in vivo studies. A quadratic regression (weighted 1/concentration2), with an equation y = ax2 + bx + c, was used to fit calibration curves over the concentration range from 9.05 to 6,600 ng/mL for carisbamate in rat plasma. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies of carisbamate have been studied through the developed bioanalytical method. Based on these study results, human pharmacokinetic (PK) profile has been predicted using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. The PBPK model was optimized and validated by using the in vitro and in vivo data. The human PK of carisbamate after oral dosing of 750 mg was simulated by using this validated PBPK model. The human PK parameters and profiles predicted from the validated PBPK model were similar to the clinical data. This PBPK model developed from the preclinical data for carisbamate would be useful for predicting the PK of carisbamate in various clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Ill Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Byeon
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jang-Mi Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Min-Jae Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Yuri Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Young G Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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The ADME profile of the fungicide tricyclazole in rodent via the oral route: A critical review for human health safety assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 108:104438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lee BI, Park MH, Shin SH, Byeon JJ, Park Y, Kim N, Choi J, Shin YG. Quantitative Analysis of Tozadenant Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Method in Rat Plasma and Its Human Pharmacokinetics Prediction Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071295. [PMID: 30987056 PMCID: PMC6479388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tozadenant is one of the selective adenosine A2a receptor antagonists with a potential to be a new Parkinson's disease (PD) therapeutic drug. In this study, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based bioanalytical method was qualified and applied for the quantitative analysis of tozadenant in rat plasma. A good calibration curve was observed in the range from 1.01 to 2200 ng/mL for tozadenant using a quadratic regression. In vitro and preclinical in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of tozadenant were studied through the developed bioanalytical methods, and human PK profiles were predicted using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling based on these values. The PBPK model was initially optimized using in vitro and in vivo PK data obtained by intravenous administration at a dose of 1 mg/kg in rats. Other in vivo PK data in rats were used to validate the PBPK model. The human PK of tozadenant after oral administration at a dose of 240 mg was simulated by using an optimized and validated PBPK model. The predicted human PK parameters and profiles were similar to the observed clinical data. As a result, optimized PBPK model could reasonably predict the PK in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Ill Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Min-Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Seok-Ho Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Jin-Ju Byeon
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Yuri Park
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Nahye Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Jangmi Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Young G Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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Grandoni S, Cesari N, Brogin G, Puccini P, Magni P. Building in-house PBPK modelling tools for oral drug administration from literature information. ADMET AND DMPK 2019; 7:4-21. [PMID: 35350741 PMCID: PMC8957249 DOI: 10.5599/admet.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models as a support to the drug development decision making process has rapidly increased in the last years. These kind of models are examples of the "bottom up" modelling strategy, which progressively integrates into a mechanistic framework different information as soon as they become available along the drug development. For this reason PBPK models can be used with different aims, from the early stages of drug development up to the clinical phases. Different software tools are nowadays available. They can be categorized in "designed software" and "open software". The first ones typically include commercial platforms expressly designed to implement PBPK models, in which the model structure is pre-defined, assumptions are generally not explicitly declared and equations are hidden to the user. Even if the software is validated and routinely used in the pharmaceutical industry, sometimes they do not allow working with the flexibility needed to cope with specific applications/tasks. For this reason, some scientists prefer to define and implement their own PBPK tool in "open" software. This paper shows how to build an in-house PBPK tool from species-related physiological information available in the literature and a limited number of drug specific parameters generally made available by the drug development process. It also reports the results of an evaluation exercise that compares simulated plasma concentration-time profiles and related pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters (i.e., AUC, Cmax and Tmax) with literature and in-house data. This evaluation involved 25 drugs with different physico-chemical properties, intravenously or orally administrated in three different species (i.e., rat, dog and man). The comparison shows that model predictions have a good degree of accuracy, since the average fold error for all the considered PK parameters is close to 1 and only in few cases the fold error is greater than 2. In summary, the paper demonstrates that addressing specific aims when needed is possible by creation of in-house PBPK tools with satisfactory performances and it provides some suggestions how to do that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grandoni
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, Dept. Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicola Cesari
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Pharmacokinetic, Biochemistry and Metabolism Department, Parma, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Brogin
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Pharmacokinetic, Biochemistry and Metabolism Department, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Puccini
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Pharmacokinetic, Biochemistry and Metabolism Department, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Magni
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, Dept. Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous studies have highlighted the intimate association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the true pathogenesis of ED among diabetic men has not yet been fully discovered. The treatment of ED in diabetic patients remains an interesting area of research. The last two decades have witnessed phenomenal advances in the management of ED with the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for ED in diabetic patients encouraging, especially with introduction of innovative conservative tools for treatment. AREAS COVERED The aim of this review is to discuss the currently available information on ED pharmacotherapy in diabetic males and provide an expert perspective on the current treatment strategies. EXPERT OPINION Conservative treatment remains the initial step for the treatment of ED in diabetic patients. This kind of therapy consists of different modalities including: oral treatments, intracavernosal pharmacotherapy, and evolving modalities such as soluble guanylate cyclase activators, stem cells (SCs), and alternative treatments such as herbal treatment and transdermal/topical pharmacotherapy. However, it should be noted that the currently available pharmacotherapy is still far from ideal. One hopes to witness new drugs and technologies that may revolutionize ED treatment in the future, especially in such complex cases as DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I El-Sakka
- a Department of Urology , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
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Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Sinogliatin, a First-in-Class Glucokinase Activator, by Integrating Allometric Scaling, In Vitro to In Vivo Exploration and Steady-State Concentration–Mean Residence Time Methods: Mechanistic Understanding of its Pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 2018; 57:1307-1323. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-018-0631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Ismail EA, El-Sakka AI. Innovative trends and perspectives for erectile dysfunction treatment: A systematic review. Arab J Urol 2016; 14:84-93. [PMID: 27493808 PMCID: PMC4963167 DOI: 10.1016/j.aju.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To review contemporary knowledge concerning the innovative trends and perspectives in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods Medline was reviewed for English-language journal articles between January 2000 and March 2016, using the terms ‘erectile dysfunction treatments’, ‘new trends’ and ‘perspectives’. In all, 114 original articles and 16 review articles were found to be relevant. Of the 76 cited papers that met the inclusion criteria, 51 papers had level of evidence of 1a–2b, whilst 25 had level of evidence of 3–4. Criteria included all pertinent review articles, randomised controlled trials with tight methodological design, cohort studies, and retrospective analyses. We also manually reviewed references from selected articles. Results Several interesting studies have addressed novel phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is), orodispersible tablets, their recent chronic use, and combination with other agents. A few controlled studies have addressed herbal medicine as a sole or additional treatment for ED. Experimental studies and exciting review papers have addressed stem cells as novel players in the field of ED treatment. Other recent articles have revised the current status of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy in the field of ED. A few articles without long-term data have addressed new technologies that included: external penile support devices, penile vibrators, tissue engineering, nanotechnology, and endovascular tools for ED treatment. Conclusions The current treatment of ED is still far from ideal. We expect to see new drugs and technologies that may revolutionise ED treatment, especially in complex cases.
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Key Words
- (hUCB-)MSCs, (human umbilical cord blood) mesenchymal stem cells
- ADSCs, adipose tissue-derived stem cells
- ED, erectile dysfunction
- Erectile dysfunction
- FDA, USA Food and Drug Administration
- Herbal treatment
- ICI, intracavernosal injection
- LI-ESWT, low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy
- NO, nitric oxide
- PDE5 inhibitors
- PDE5Is, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors
- RP, radical prostatectomy
- SC, stem cell
- Shockwave therapy
- Stem cells
- VED, vacuum erectile device
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- cNOS, constitutive nitric oxide synthase
- sGC, soluble guanylate cyclase
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat A Ismail
- Department of Urology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Zhu Y, Li L, Deng P, Chen X, Zhong D. Characterization of TPN729 metabolites in humans using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 117:217-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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