1
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Kook E, Chun KS, Kim DH. Emerging Roles of YES1 in Cancer: The Putative Target in Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1450. [PMID: 38338729 PMCID: PMC10855972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) are non-receptor tyrosine kinases that are recognized as proto-oncogenic products. Among SFKs, YES1 is frequently amplified and overexpressed in a variety of human tumors, including lung, breast, ovarian, and skin cancers. YES1 plays a pivotal role in promoting cell proliferation, survival, and invasiveness during tumor development. Recent findings indicate that YES1 expression and activation are associated with resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in human malignancies. YES1 undergoes post-translational modifications, such as lipidation and nitrosylation, which can modulate its catalytic activity, subcellular localization, and binding affinity for substrate proteins. Therefore, we investigated the diverse mechanisms governing YES1 activation and its impact on critical intracellular signal transduction pathways. We emphasized the function of YES1 as a potential mechanism contributing to the anticancer drug resistance emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Kook
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyung-Soo Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42691, Republic of Korea;
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea;
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2
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Robbins M. Therapies for Tau-associated neurodegenerative disorders: targeting molecules, synapses, and cells. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2633-2637. [PMID: 37449601 PMCID: PMC10358644 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in experimental and computational technologies continue to grow rapidly to provide novel avenues for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Despite this, there remain only a handful of drugs that have shown success in late-stage clinical trials for Tau-associated neurodegenerative disorders. The most commonly prescribed treatments are symptomatic treatments such as cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockers that were approved for use in Alzheimer's disease. As diagnostic screening can detect disorders at earlier time points, the field needs pre-symptomatic treatments that can prevent, or significantly delay the progression of these disorders (Koychev et al., 2019). These approaches may be different from late-stage treatments that may help to ameliorate symptoms and slow progression once symptoms have become more advanced should early diagnostic screening fail. This mini-review will highlight five key avenues of academic and industrial research for identifying therapeutic strategies to treat Tau-associated neurodegenerative disorders. These avenues include investigating (1) the broad class of chemicals termed "small molecules"; (2) adaptive immunity through both passive and active antibody treatments; (3) innate immunity with an emphasis on microglial modulation; (4) synaptic compartments with the view that Tau-associated neurodegenerative disorders are synaptopathies. Although this mini-review will focus on Alzheimer's disease due to its prevalence, it will also argue the need to target other tauopathies, as through understanding Alzheimer's disease as a Tau-associated neurodegenerative disorder, we may be able to generalize treatment options. For this reason, added detail linking back specifically to Tau protein as a direct therapeutic target will be added to each topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Robbins
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Ave, Trumpington, Cambridge, UK; University of Cambridge, Department of Zoology, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Kaehler M, Cascorbi I. Molecular Mechanisms of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 280:65-83. [PMID: 36882601 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic neoplasm chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a rare disease caused by chromosomal reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34:q11) with subsequent formation of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. This fusion gene encodes a constitutively active tyrosine kinase, which results in malignant transformation of the cells. Since 2001, CML can be effectively treated using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib, which prevent phosphorylation of downstream targets by blockade of the BCR-ABL kinase. Due to its tremendous success, this treatment became the role model of targeted therapy in precision oncology. Here, we review the mechanisms of TKI resistance focusing on BCR-ABL1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. These include the genomics of the BCR-ABL1, TKI metabolism and transport and alternative signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Kaehler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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4
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Kaehler M, Litterst M, Kolarova J, Böhm R, Bruckmueller H, Ammerpohl O, Cascorbi I, Nagel I. Genome‑wide expression and methylation analyses reveal aberrant cell adhesion signaling in tyrosine kinase inhibitor‑resistant CML cells. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:144. [PMID: 35730629 PMCID: PMC9245083 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) can be effectively treated using BCR-ABL1 kinase inhibitors, resistance due to kinase alterations or to BCR-ABL1 independent mechanisms remain a therapeutic challenge. For the latter, the underlying mechanisms are widely discussed; for instance, gene expression changes, epigenetic factors and alternative signaling pathway activation. In the present study, in vitro-CML cell models of resistance against the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) imatinib (0.5 and 2 µM) and nilotinib (0.1 µM) with biological replicates were generated to identify novel mechanisms of resistance. Subsequently, genome-wide mRNA expression and DNA methylation were analyzed. While mRNA expression patterns differed largely between biological replicates, there was an overlap of 71 genes differentially expressed between cells resistant against imatinib or nilotinib. Moreover, all TKI resistant cell lines demonstrated a slight hypermethylation compared with native cells. In a combined analysis of 151 genes differentially expressed in the biological replicates of imatinib resistance, cell adhesion signaling, in particular the cellular matrix protein fibronectin 1 (FN1), was significantly dysregulated. This gene was also downregulated in nilotinib resistance. Further analyses showed significant FN1-downregulation in imatinib resistance on mRNA (P<0.001) and protein level (P<0.001). SiRNA-mediated FN1-knockdown in native cells reduced cell adhesion (P=0.02), decreased imatinib susceptibility visible by higher Ki-67 expression (1.5-fold, P=0.04) and increased cell number (1.5-fold, P=0.03). Vice versa, recovery of FN1-expression in imatinib resistant cells was sufficient to partially restore the response to imatinib. Overall, these results suggested a role of cell adhesion signaling and fibronectin 1 in TKI resistant CML and a potential target for novel strategies in treatment of resistant CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Kaehler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig‑Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Merit Litterst
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig‑Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Kolarova
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ruwen Böhm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig‑Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Henrike Bruckmueller
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig‑Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Ammerpohl
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig‑Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Inga Nagel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig‑Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
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5
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Garmendia I, Redin E, Montuenga LM, Calvo A. YES1: a novel therapeutic target and biomarker in cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1371-1380. [PMID: 35732509 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
YES1 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to the SRC family of kinases (SFKs) and controls multiple cancer signaling pathways. YES1 is amplified and overexpressed in many tumor types, where it promotes cell proliferation, survival and invasiveness. Therefore, YES1 has been proposed as an emerging target in solid tumors. In addition, studies have shown that YES1 is a prognostic biomarker and a predictor of dasatinib activity. Several SFKs-targeting drugs have been developed and some of them have reached clinical trials. However, these drugs have encountered challenges to their utilization in the clinical practice in unselected patients due to toxicity and lack of efficacy. In the case of YES1, novel specific inhibitors have been developed and tested in preclinical models, with impressive antitumor effects. In this review, we summarize the structure and activation of YES1 and describe its role in cancer as a target and prognostic and companion biomarker. We also address the efficacy of SFKs inhibitors that are currently in clinical trials, highlighting the main hindrances for their clinical use. Current available information strongly suggests that inhibiting YES1 in tumors with high expression of this protein is a promising strategy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irati Garmendia
- INSERM UMRS1138. Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | - Luis M Montuenga
- CIMA and Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Alfonso Calvo
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
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6
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Shen Y, Yan Z. Systematic prediction of drug resistance caused by transporter genes in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7400. [PMID: 33795761 PMCID: PMC8016963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the drug resistance problem caused by transporters, we leveraged multiple large-scale public data sets of drug sensitivity, cell line genetic and transcriptional profiles, and gene silencing experiments. Through systematic integration of these data sets, we built various machine learning models to predict the difference between cell viability upon drug treatment and the silencing of its target across the same cell lines. More than 50% of the models built with the same data set or with independent data sets successfully predicted the testing set with significant correlation to the ground truth data. Features selected by our models were also significantly enriched in known drug transporters annotated in DrugBank for more than 60% of the models. Novel drug-transporter interactions were discovered, such as lapatinib and gefitinib with ABCA1, olaparib and NVPADW742 with ABCC3, and gefitinib and AZ628 with SLC4A4. Furthermore, we identified ABCC3, SLC12A7, SLCO4A1, SERPINA1, and SLC22A3 as potential transporters for erlotinib, three of which are also significantly more highly expressed in patients who were resistant to therapy in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shen
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- Martin Tuchman School of Management, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
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7
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Barth DA, Juracek J, Slaby O, Pichler M, Calin GA. lncRNA and Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Cancers of the Genitourinary System. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082148. [PMID: 32756406 PMCID: PMC7463785 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Available systemic treatment options for cancers of the genitourinary system have experienced great progress in the last decade. However, a large proportion of patients eventually develop resistance to treatment, resulting in disease progression and shorter overall survival. Biomarkers indicating the increasing resistance to cancer therapies are yet to enter clinical routine. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are non-protein coding RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that exert multiple types of regulatory functions of all known cellular processes. Increasing evidence supports the role of lncRNAs in cancer development and progression. Additionally, their involvement in the development of drug resistance across various cancer entities, including genitourinary malignancies, are starting to be discovered. Consequently, lncRNAs have been suggested as factors in novel therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance in cancer. In this review, the existing evidences on lncRNAs and their involvement in mechanisms of drug resistance in cancers of the genitourinary system, including renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and testicular cancer, will be highlighted and discussed to facilitate and encourage further research in this field. We summarize a significant number of lncRNAs with proposed pathways in drug resistance and available reported studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik A. Barth
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (D.A.B.); (M.P.)
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Jaroslav Juracek
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pichler
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (D.A.B.); (M.P.)
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence:
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8
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Ma Y, Fan B, Ren Z, Liu B, Wang Y. Long noncoding RNA DANCR contributes to docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer through targeting the miR-34a-5p/JAG1 pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5485-5497. [PMID: 31371987 PMCID: PMC6636610 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s197009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy is one of the available options for prostate cancer (PC). However, the acquisition of chemoresistance has become a major cause of chemotherapy failure. The long noncoding RNA DANCR is demonstrated to serve as an oncogene in various human cancers, including PC. However, the potential role of DANCR in docetaxel (DTX) resistance of PC and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Methods: The abundance of DANCR, miR-34a-5p, and JAG1 mRNA was examined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) was used to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration value. Cell viability was evaluated by CCK8 and colony-formation assays. Transwells were utilized to analyze cell migration and invasion ability. The protein levels of LRP, P-gp, MRP1, and JAG1 were measured by Western blot assay. The target relationship between DANCR and miR-34a-5p, as well as miR-34a-5p and JAG1, was demonstrated by dual-luciferase, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down analysis. Tumor xenograft was undertaken to confirm the effect of DANCR on DTX resistance in PC. Results: DANCR and JAG1 were significantly upregulated, but miR-34a-5p was downregulated in DTX-resistant PC. Silencing of DANCR improved the DTX efficacy in DTX-resistant PC cells. DANCR served as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-34a-5p, leading to the derepression of miR-34a-5p target JAG1, which eventually triggered the resistance to DTX in DTX-tolerated PC. Conclusion: The DANCR/miR-34a-5p axis enhanced DTX resistance of PC via targeting JAG1, providing a novel insight to improve chemotherapy for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Ma
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Fan
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongtao Ren
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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9
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Han SH, Korm S, Han YG, Choi SY, Kim SH, Chung HJ, Park K, Kim JY, Myung K, Lee JY, Kim H, Kim DW. GCA links TRAF6-ULK1-dependent autophagy activation in resistant chronic myeloid leukemia. Autophagy 2019; 15:2076-2090. [PMID: 30929559 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1596492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib is the first molecularly targeted compound for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) capable to inhibit BCR-ABL kinase activity. However, recent clinical evidence indicates that a substantial proportion of CML patients exhibit BCR-ABL-dependent or independent resistance to imatinib. Despite the importance of imatinib resistance in CML, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this resistance are largely unknown. Here, we identified GCA (grancalcin) as a critical regulator of imatinib resistance in chronic phase CML via activation of autophagy. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that GCA activates TRAF6 ubiquitin ligase activity to induce Lys63 ubiquitination of ULK1, a crucial regulator of autophagy, resulting in its stabilization and activation. We also highlighted the role of GCA-TRAF6-ULK1 autophagy regulatory axis in imatinib resistance. Our findings represent the basis for novel therapeutic strategies against CML.Abbreviation: ACTB/β-actin: actin beta; ADM: adrenomedullin; AMBRA1: autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ANXA5: annexin A5; CP: cytogenetic response; CML: chronic myeloid leukemia; CUL3: cullin 3; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GCA: grancalcin; Dx: at diagnosis; E-64-d: (2S,3S)-trans-Epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-3-methylbutane ethyl ester; IMres: Imatinib resistance; KLHL20: Kelch-like protein 20; LRMP: lymphoid-restricted membrane protein; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MMR: major molecular response; NH4Cl: ammonium chloride; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PTPRC: protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SYK: spleen associated tyrosine kinase; TAP1: transporter 1, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member; TKIs: ABL-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors; TLR9: toll- like receptor 9; TRAF6: TNF receptor associated factor 6; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hun Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sovannarith Korm
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Gi Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Choi
- Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Kim
- Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibeom Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Center for Genomic Integrity Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yong Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hongtae Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Miao W, Guo L, Wang Y. Imatinib-Induced Changes in Protein Expression and ATP-Binding Affinities of Kinases in Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3209-3214. [PMID: 30773012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Kinases are crucial components in numerous cell signaling pathways. Aberrant expression and activation of protein kinases are known to be accompanied by many types of cancer, and more than 30 small-molecule kinase inhibitors have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for cancer chemotherapy. Biological and clinical applications of small-molecule kinase inhibitors require comprehensive characterizations about how these inhibitors modulate the protein expression and activities of kinases at the entire proteome scale. In this study, we developed a parallel-reaction monitoring (PRM)-based targeted proteomic method to monitor the alterations in protein expression of kinases in K-562 chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) cells elicited by treatment with imatinib, an ABL kinase inhibitor approved by the FDA for CML treatment. By employing isotope-coded ATP affinity probes together with liquid chromatography-multiple-reaction monitoring (LC-MRM) analysis, we also examined the modulation of the ATP-binding affinities of kinases induced by imatinib treatment. The results revealed profound increases in protein expression levels of a large number of kinases in K-562 cells upon treatment with imatinib, which is accompanied by substantial decreases in ATP-binding capacities of many kinases. Apart from ABL kinases, we identified a number of other kinases whose ATP-binding affinities are markedly diminished upon imatinib treatment, including CHK1, a checkpoint kinase involved in DNA damage response signaling. Together, our targeted quantitative proteomic methods enabled, for the first time, dual assessments of small-molecule kinase inhibitor-induced changes in protein expression and ATP-binding affinities of kinases in live cells.
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11
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A new mechanism of resistance to ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a BCR-ABL1-positive cell line. Leuk Res 2017; 61:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Cobll1 is linked to drug resistance and blastic transformation in chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2017; 31:1532-1539. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Chen S, Sutiman N, Chowbay B. Pharmacogenetics of drug transporters in modulating imatinib disposition and treatment outcomes in chronic myeloid leukemia & gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1941-1955. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of imatinib in the treatment of BCR-ABL-positive chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors has significantly improved survival outcomes in patients afflicted by these malignancies. However, a substantial proportion of imatinib-treated patients still experience treatment failure. Suboptimal concentrations of imatinib have been postulated to contribute at least partially to the development of resistance against imatinib. Indeed, variations in the genes encoding drug transporters have been reported to markedly influence imatinib disposition and treatment outcomes in various populations. This review aims to consolidate and critically assess the studies conducted to date which have investigated the influence of pharmacogenetic variants in drug transporters on the disposition of imatinib and treatment outcomes in Asians and other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Chen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Balram Chowbay
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Clinical Pharmacology, Singapore
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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14
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A NOX2/Egr-1/Fyn pathway delineates new targets for TKI-resistant malignancies. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23631-46. [PMID: 26136341 PMCID: PMC4695141 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have improved CML response rates, and some are effective against resistance-promoting point mutations in BCR-ABL1. However, in the absence of point mutations, resistance still occurs. Here, we identify a novel pathway mediating resistance which connects p47phox, the organizer subunit of NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2), with early growth response-1 (Egr-1) and the Src family kinase Fyn. We found up-regulation of p47phox, Egr-1, and Fyn mRNA and protein using paired isogenic CML cell lines and mined data. Isolation of CD34+ cells and tissue microarray staining from blast crisis CML patients confirmed in vivo over-expression of components of this pathway. Knockdown studies revealed that p47phox modulated reactive oxygen species and Egr-1 expression, which, in turn, controlled Fyn expression. Interestingly, Fyn knockdown sensitized TKI-resistant cells to dasatinib, a dual BCR-ABL1/Src inhibitor. Egr-1 knockdown had similar effects, indicating the utility of targeting Fyn expression over activation. Pointedly, p47phox knockdown also restored TKI-sensitivity, indicating that targeting the NOX2 complex can overcome resistance. The NOX2/Egr-1/Fyn pathway was also conserved within TKI-resistant EGFRΔIII-expressing glioblastoma and patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells. Thus, our findings suggest that targeting the NOX2/Egr-1/Fyn pathway may have clinical implications within multiple cancer types; particularly where efficacy of TKI is compromised.
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15
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Tang J, Aittokallio T. Network pharmacology strategies toward multi-target anticancer therapies: from computational models to experimental design principles. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 20:23-36. [PMID: 23530504 PMCID: PMC3894695 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polypharmacology has emerged as novel means in drug discovery for improving treatment response in clinical use. However, to really capitalize on the polypharmacological effects of drugs, there is a critical need to better model and understand how the complex interactions between drugs and their cellular targets contribute to drug efficacy and possible side effects. Network graphs provide a convenient modeling framework for dealing with the fact that most drugs act on cellular systems through targeting multiple proteins both through on-target and off-target binding. Network pharmacology models aim at addressing questions such as how and where in the disease network should one target to inhibit disease phenotypes, such as cancer growth, ideally leading to therapies that are less vulnerable to drug resistance and side effects by means of attacking the disease network at the systems level through synergistic and synthetic lethal interactions. Since the exponentially increasing number of potential drug target combinations makes pure experimental approach quickly unfeasible, this review depicts a number of computational models and algorithms that can effectively reduce the search space for determining the most promising combinations for experimental evaluation. Such computational-experimental strategies are geared toward realizing the full potential of multi-target treatments in different disease phenotypes. Our specific focus is on system-level network approaches to polypharmacology designs in anticancer drug discovery, where we give representative examples of how network-centric modeling may offer systematic strategies toward better understanding and even predicting the phenotypic responses to multi-target therapies.
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Anelli L, Zagaria A, Coccaro N, Tota G, Impera L, Minervini CF, Pastore D, Minervini A, Casieri P, Specchia G, Albano F. A novel t(4;16)(q25;q23.1) associated with EGF and ELOVL6 deregulation in acute myeloid leukemia. Gene 2013; 529:144-7. [PMID: 23933272 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
About 50% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients show the occurrence of non-random chromosome rearrangements. Most of the recurrent karyotypic rearrangements in AML have been defined as distinct disease entities in the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. In this paper we report an AML case showing a novel t(4;16)(q25;q23.1) rearrangement causing the activation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 6 (ELOVL6) genes, rather than the generation of a novel fusion gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Anelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Tan SL, Liao C, Lucas MC, Stevenson C, DeMartino JA. Targeting the SYK-BTK axis for the treatment of immunological and hematological disorders: recent progress and therapeutic perspectives. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 138:294-309. [PMID: 23396081 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK) and Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) are non-receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases that are primarily expressed in cells of hematopoietic lineage. Both are key mediators in coupling activated immunoreceptors to downstream signaling events that affect diverse biological functions, from cellular proliferation, differentiation and adhesion to innate and adaptive immune responses. As such, pharmacological inhibitors of SYK or BTK are being actively pursued as potential immunomodulatory agents for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Deregulation of SYK or BTK activity has also been implicated in certain hematological malignancies. To date, from a clinical perspective, pharmacological inhibition of SYK activity has demonstrated encouraging efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) have benefited from covalent inhibitors of BTK in early clinical studies. Here, we review and discuss recent insights into the emerging role of the SYK-BTK axis in innate immune cell function as well as in the maintenance of survival and homing signals for tumor cell progression. The current progress on the clinical development of SYK and BTK inhibitors is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seng-Lai Tan
- Inflammation Discovery and Therapeutic Area, Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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