1
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Dechavanne C, Dechavanne S, Bosch J, Metral S, Redinger KR, Watson QD, Ratsimbasoa AC, Roeper B, Krishnan S, Fong R, Bennett S, Carias L, Chen E, Salinas ND, Ghosh A, Tolia NH, Woost PG, Jacobberger JW, Colin Y, Gamain B, King CL, Zimmerman PA. Duffy antigen is expressed during erythropoiesis in Duffy-negative individuals. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:2093-2106.e7. [PMID: 38056457 PMCID: PMC10843566 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The erythrocyte silent Duffy blood group phenotype in Africans is thought to confer resistance to Plasmodium vivax blood-stage infection. However, recent studies report P. vivax infections across Africa in Fy-negative individuals. This suggests that the globin transcription factor 1 (GATA-1) SNP underlying Fy negativity does not entirely abolish Fy expression or that P. vivax has developed a Fy-independent red blood cell (RBC) invasion pathway. We show that RBCs and erythroid progenitors from in vitro differentiated CD34 cells and from bone marrow aspirates from Fy-negative samples express a functional Fy on their surface. This suggests that the GATA-1 SNP does not entirely abolish Fy expression. Given these results, we developed an in vitro culture system for P. vivax and show P. vivax can invade erythrocytes from Duffy-negative individuals. This study provides evidence that Fy is expressed in Fy-negative individuals and explains their susceptibility to P. vivax with major implications and challenges for P. vivax malaria eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Dechavanne
- Center for Global Health & Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sebastien Dechavanne
- Center for Global Health & Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jürgen Bosch
- Center for Global Health & Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; InterRayBio, LLC, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sylvain Metral
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Karli R Redinger
- Center for Global Health & Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Quentin D Watson
- Center for Global Health & Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arsene C Ratsimbasoa
- University of Fianarantsoa, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar; CNARP (Centre National d'Application de Recherche Pharmaceutique), Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Brooke Roeper
- Center for Global Health & Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sushma Krishnan
- Center for Global Health & Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rich Fong
- Center for Global Health & Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Seth Bennett
- Center for Global Health & Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lenore Carias
- Center for Global Health & Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edwin Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nichole D Salinas
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anil Ghosh
- Center for Global Health & Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Niraj H Tolia
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip G Woost
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Flow Cytometry Core, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James W Jacobberger
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Flow Cytometry Core, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yves Colin
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Gamain
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Christopher L King
- Center for Global Health & Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Veterans Affairs Research Service, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Peter A Zimmerman
- Center for Global Health & Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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2
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Chen X, Johansson U, Cherian S. Flow Cytometric Assessment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes/Neoplasms. Clin Lab Med 2023; 43:521-547. [PMID: 37865501 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS) are a heterogeneous class of hematopoietic stem cell neoplasms characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis leading to peripheral cytopenias. This group of diseases is typically diagnosed using a combination of clinical, morphologic, and genetic criteria. Many studies have described the value of multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) in the diagnosis, classification, and prognostication of MDS. This review summarizes the approach to MDS diagnosis and immunophenotypic characterization using MFC and describes the current state while highlighting future opportunities and potential pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Chen
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 825 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ulrika Johansson
- SI-HMDS, Haematology, UHBW NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Sindhu Cherian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 825 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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3
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Bauer K, Machherndl-Spandl S, Kazianka L, Sadovnik I, Gültekin S, Suessner S, Proell J, Lauf J, Hoermann G, Eisenwort G, Häfner N, Födermayr-Mayrleitner M, Schmolke AS, van der Kouwe E, Platzbecker U, Lion T, Weltermann A, Zach O, Webersinke G, Germing U, Gabriel C, Sperr WR, Béné MC, Staber PB, Bettelheim P, Valent P. CAR virus receptor mediates erythroid differentiation and migration and is downregulated in MDS. Leukemia 2023; 37:2250-2260. [PMID: 37673973 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are myeloid neoplasms presenting with dysplasia in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral cytopenia. In most patients anemia develops. We screened for genes that are expressed abnormally in erythroid progenitor cells (EP) and contribute to the pathogenesis of MDS. We found that the Coxsackie-Adenovirus receptor (CAR = CXADR) is markedly downregulated in CD45low/CD105+ EP in MDS patients compared to control EP. Correspondingly, the erythroblast cell lines HEL, K562, and KU812 stained negative for CAR. Lentiviral transduction of the full-length CXADR gene into these cells resulted in an increased expression of early erythroid antigens, including CD36, CD71, and glycophorin A. In addition, CXADR-transduction resulted in an increased migration against a serum protein gradient, whereas truncated CXADR variants did not induce expression of erythroid antigens or migration. Furthermore, conditional knock-out of Cxadr in C57BL/6 mice resulted in anemia and erythroid dysplasia. Finally, decreased CAR expression on EP was found to correlate with high-risk MDS and decreased survival. Together, CAR is a functionally relevant marker that is down-regulated on EP in MDS and is of prognostic significance. Decreased CAR expression may contribute to the maturation defect and altered migration of EP and thus their pathologic accumulation in the BM in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrid Machherndl-Spandl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Lukas Kazianka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sinan Gültekin
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Proell
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- Department of Molecular Biology, Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Gregor Hoermann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norman Häfner
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ann-Sofie Schmolke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emiel van der Kouwe
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Division of Hematology, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, Hematology and Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Lion
- Children´s Cancer Research Institute Vienna und Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Otto Zach
- Laboratory for Molecular and Genetic Diagnostics, Ordensklinikum, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerald Webersinke
- Laboratory for Molecular and Genetic Diagnostics, Ordensklinikum, Linz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Germing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Gabriel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie C Béné
- Hematology Laboratory, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Philipp B Staber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Bettelheim
- Labor Europaplatz, Linz, Austria
- Laboratory for Molecular and Genetic Diagnostics, Ordensklinikum, Linz, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Schippel N, Sharma S. Dynamics of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell differentiation to the erythroid lineage. Exp Hematol 2023; 123:1-17. [PMID: 37172755 PMCID: PMC10330572 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis, the development of erythrocytes from hematopoietic stem cells, occurs through four phases: erythroid progenitor (EP) development, early erythropoiesis, terminal erythroid differentiation (TED), and maturation. According to the classical model that is based on immunophenotypic profiles of cell populations, each of these phases comprises multiple differentiation states that arise in a hierarchical manner. After segregation of lymphoid potential, erythroid priming begins during progenitor development and progresses through progenitor cell types that have multilineage potential. Complete separation of the erythroid lineage is achieved during early erythropoiesis with the formation of unipotent EPs: burst-forming unit-erythroid and colony-forming unit-erythroid. These erythroid-committed progenitors undergo TED and maturation, which involves expulsion of the nucleus and remodeling to form functional biconcave, hemoglobin-filled erythrocytes. In the last decade or so, many studies employing advanced techniques such as single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) as well as the conventional methods, including colony-forming cell assays and immunophenotyping, have revealed heterogeneity within the stem, progenitor, and erythroblast stages, and uncovered alternate paths for segregation of erythroid lineage potential. In this review, we provide an in-depth account of immunophenotypic profiles of all cell types within erythropoiesis, highlight studies that demonstrate heterogeneous erythroid stages, and describe deviations to the classical model of erythropoiesis. Overall, although scRNA-seq approaches have provided new insights, flow cytometry remains relevant and is the primary method for validation of novel immunophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Schippel
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ.
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5
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Katiyar S, Shah A, Rahman K, Tripathy NK, Kashyap R, Nityanand S, Chaturvedi CP. Analysis of Immunophenotypic Changes during Ex Vivo Human Erythropoiesis and Its Application in the Study of Normal and Defective Erythropoiesis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091303. [PMID: 37174702 PMCID: PMC10177526 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a highly regulated process and undergoes several genotypic and phenotypic changes during differentiation. The phenotypic changes can be evaluated using a combination of cell surface markers expressed at different cellular stages of erythropoiesis using FACS. However, limited studies are available on the in-depth phenotypic characterization of progenitors from human adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to red blood cells. Therefore, using a set of designed marker panels, in the current study we have kinetically characterized the hematopoietic, erythroid progenitors, and terminally differentiated erythroblasts ex vivo. Furthermore, the progenitor stages were explored for expression of CD117, CD31, CD41a, CD133, and CD45, along with known key markers CD36, CD71, CD105, and GPA. Additionally, we used these marker panels to study the stage-specific phenotypic changes regulated by the epigenetic regulator; Nuclear receptor binding SET Domain protein 1 (NSD1) during erythropoiesis and to study ineffective erythropoiesis in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) patients. Our immunophenotyping strategy can be used to sort and study erythroid-primed hematopoietic and erythroid precursors at specified time points and to study diseases resulting from erythroid dyspoiesis. Overall, the current study explores the in-depth kinetics of phenotypic changes occurring during human erythropoiesis and applies this strategy to study normal and defective erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhita Katiyar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Arunim Shah
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Khaliqur Rahman
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Tripathy
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Rajesh Kashyap
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Soniya Nityanand
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Chandra Prakash Chaturvedi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
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6
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Porwit A, Béné MC, Duetz C, Matarraz S, Oelschlaegel U, Westers TM, Wagner-Ballon O, Kordasti S, Valent P, Preijers F, Alhan C, Bellos F, Bettelheim P, Burbury K, Chapuis N, Cremers E, Della Porta MG, Dunlop A, Eidenschink-Brodersen L, Font P, Fontenay M, Hobo W, Ireland R, Johansson U, Loken MR, Ogata K, Orfao A, Psarra K, Saft L, Subira D, Te Marvelde J, Wells DA, van der Velden VHJ, Kern W, van de Loosdrecht AA. Multiparameter flow cytometry in the evaluation of myelodysplasia: Analytical issues: Recommendations from the European LeukemiaNet/International Myelodysplastic Syndrome Flow Cytometry Working Group. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2023; 104:27-50. [PMID: 36537621 PMCID: PMC10107708 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) is one of the essential ancillary methods in bone marrow (BM) investigation of patients with cytopenia and suspected myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). MFC can also be applied in the follow-up of MDS patients undergoing treatment. This document summarizes recommendations from the International/European Leukemia Net Working Group for Flow Cytometry in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (ELN iMDS Flow) on the analytical issues in MFC for the diagnostic work-up of MDS. Recommendations for the analysis of several BM cell subsets such as myeloid precursors, maturing granulocytic and monocytic components and erythropoiesis are given. A core set of 17 markers identified as independently related to a cytomorphologic diagnosis of myelodysplasia is suggested as mandatory for MFC evaluation of BM in a patient with cytopenia. A myeloid precursor cell (CD34+ CD19- ) count >3% should be considered immunophenotypically indicative of myelodysplasia. However, MFC results should always be evaluated as part of an integrated hematopathology work-up. Looking forward, several machine-learning-based analytical tools of interest should be applied in parallel to conventional analytical methods to investigate their usefulness in integrated diagnostics, risk stratification, and potentially even in the evaluation of response to therapy, based on MFC data. In addition, compiling large uniform datasets is desirable, as most of the machine-learning-based methods tend to perform better with larger numbers of investigated samples, especially in such a heterogeneous disease as MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Porwit
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie C Béné
- Hematology Biology, Nantes University Hospital, CRCINA Inserm 1232, Nantes, France
| | - Carolien Duetz
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Matarraz
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-USAL/CSIC), Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) and CIBERONC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Uta Oelschlaegel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Carl-Gustav-Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Theresia M Westers
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Orianne Wagner-Ballon
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Hospital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- Inserm U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | | | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Preijers
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Canan Alhan
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Bettelheim
- Department of Hematology, Ordensklinikum Linz, Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria
| | - Kate Burbury
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, & University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicolas Chapuis
- Laboratory of Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eline Cremers
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo G Della Porta
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alan Dunlop
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Patricia Font
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon-IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michaela Fontenay
- Laboratory of Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Willemijn Hobo
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robin Ireland
- Department of Haematology and SE-HMDS, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ulrika Johansson
- Laboratory Medicine, SI-HMDS, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Kiyoyuki Ogata
- Metropolitan Research and Treatment Centre for Blood Disorders (MRTC Japan), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-USAL/CSIC), Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) and CIBERONC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Katherina Psarra
- Department of Immunology - Histocompatibility, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonie Saft
- Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital and Institute Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dolores Subira
- Department of Hematology, Flow Cytometry Unit, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Jeroen Te Marvelde
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vincent H J van der Velden
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arjan A van de Loosdrecht
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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van der Velden VHJ, Preijers F, Johansson U, Westers TM, Dunlop A, Porwit A, Béné MC, Valent P, Te Marvelde J, Wagner-Ballon O, Oelschlaegel U, Saft L, Kordasti S, Ireland R, Cremers E, Alhan C, Duetz C, Hobo W, Chapuis N, Fontenay M, Bettelheim P, Eidenshink-Brodersen L, Font P, Loken MR, Matarraz S, Ogata K, Orfao A, Psarra K, Subirá D, Wells DA, Della Porta MG, Burbury K, Bellos F, Weiß E, Kern W, van de Loosdrecht A. Flow cytometric analysis of myelodysplasia: Pre-analytical and technical issues-Recommendations from the European LeukemiaNet. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2023; 104:15-26. [PMID: 34894176 PMCID: PMC10078694 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flow cytometry (FCM) aids the diagnosis and prognostic stratification of patients with suspected or confirmed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Over the past few years, significant progress has been made in the FCM field concerning technical issues (including software and hardware) and pre-analytical procedures. METHODS Recommendations are made based on the data and expert discussions generated from 13 yearly meetings of the European LeukemiaNet international MDS Flow working group. RESULTS We report here on the experiences and recommendations concerning (1) the optimal methods of sample processing and handling, (2) antibody panels and fluorochromes, and (3) current hardware technologies. CONCLUSIONS These recommendations will support and facilitate the appropriate application of FCM assays in the diagnostic workup of MDS patients. Further standardization and harmonization will be required to integrate FCM in MDS diagnostic evaluations in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent H J van der Velden
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Preijers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory for Hematology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrika Johansson
- Laboratory Medicine, SI-HMDS, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Theresia M Westers
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Dunlop
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Anna Porwit
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology And Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie C Béné
- Hematology Biology, Nantes University Hospital and CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeroen Te Marvelde
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Orianne Wagner-Ballon
- Department of Hematology and Immunology; and Université Paris-Est Créteil, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Hospital Henri Mondor, Inserm U955, Créteil, France
| | - Uta Oelschlaegel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Carl-Gustav-Carus, Dresden, TU, Germany
| | - Leonie Saft
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital and Institute, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharham Kordasti
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London and Hematology Department, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robin Ireland
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London and Hematology Department, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eline Cremers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Canan Alhan
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Duetz
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Hobo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory for Hematology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Chapuis
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Centre-Université de Paris, Cochin Hospital, Laboratory of Hematology and Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Michaela Fontenay
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Centre-Université de Paris, Cochin Hospital, Laboratory of Hematology and Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Peter Bettelheim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige Schwestern - Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Patricia Font
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon-IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Matarraz
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service, University of Salamanca, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto Carlos III, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Kiyoyuki Ogata
- Metropolitan Research and Treatment Centre for Blood Disorders (MRTC Japan), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Department of Medicine and Cytometry Service, University of Salamanca, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto Carlos III, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Katherina Psarra
- Immunology Histocompatibility Department, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dolores Subirá
- Flow Cytometry Unit. Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
| | | | - Matteo G Della Porta
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy & Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Kate Burbury
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Arjan van de Loosdrecht
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Fang H, Wang SA, You MJ, Hu S, Miranda RN, Tang Z, Lin P, Jorgensen JL, Xu J, Thakral B, Schlette EJ, El Hussein S, Bueso-Ramos C, Medeiros LJ, Wang W. Flow cytometry immunophenotypic features of pure erythroid leukemia and the distinction from reactive erythroid precursors. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2022; 102:440-447. [PMID: 36156384 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunophenotype of pure erythroid leukemia (PEL) as determined by flow cytometry immunophenotypic analysis is not well characterized. The immunophenotypic difference between PEL and reactive conditions is under-explored. METHODS We assessed and compared the immunophenotype of 24 PEL cases and 28 reactive cases containing early erythroid precursors by flow cytometry. RESULTS The neoplastic erythroid cells in all PEL cases were positive for CD36 and CD71. CD45 was also positive in all cases, but the expression level was often dimmer than granulocytes. CD117 expression ranged from partial to uniform, and CD235a was often only positive in the CD117-dim to negative cells, corresponding to more differentiated subset. PEL cases frequently (87%) showed decreased or negative CD38 expression, contrasting to reactive early erythroid precursors that showed bright CD38 (p < 0.0001). CD7 (25%) and CD13 (29%) aberrant expressions were only observed in PEL but not in the reactive erythroid cells. Normal early erythroid precursors in all reactive bone marrows showed partial expression of CD4; In contrast, aberrant CD4 expression was detected in 71% PEL cases, either uniformly positive (50%) or completely negative (21%). While normal/reactive bone marrows almost always contained a small subset of CD34-positive early erythroid precursors, the neoplastic pronormoblasts in all PEL cases were CD34 negative. Although not increased in number, CD34-positive myeloblasts were frequently detected in PEL and demonstrated an aberrant immunophenotype in 90% PEL cases. CONCLUSIONS PEL shows a distinctive immunophenotype which can be distinguished from reactive erythroid precursors by flow cytometry immunophenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sa A Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - M James You
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Roberto N Miranda
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhenya Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pei Lin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Jorgensen
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Beenu Thakral
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ellen J Schlette
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Siba El Hussein
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carlos Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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9
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Béné MC. Issue Highlights-September 2021. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2021; 100:537-540. [PMID: 34536066 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie C Béné
- Hematology Biology, Nantes University Hospital, Inserm 1232, CRCINA, Nantes, France
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10
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Bapat A, Schippel N, Shi X, Jasbi P, Gu H, Kala M, Sertil A, Sharma S. Hypoxia promotes erythroid differentiation through the development of progenitors and proerythroblasts. Exp Hematol 2021; 97:32-46.e35. [PMID: 33675821 PMCID: PMC8102433 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is a critical noncellular component of the bone marrow microenvironment that plays an important role in the development of hematopoietic cell lineages. In this study, we investigated the impact of low oxygen (hypoxia) on ex vivo myeloerythroid differentiation of human cord blood-derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. We characterized the culture conditions to demonstrate that low oxygen inhibits cell proliferation and causes a metabolic shift in the stem and progenitor populations. We found that hypoxia promotes erythroid differentiation by supporting the development of progenitor populations. Hypoxia also increases the megakaryoerythroid potential of the common myeloid progenitors and the erythroid potential of megakaryoerythroid progenitors and significantly accelerates maturation of erythroid cells. Specifically, we determined that hypoxia promotes the loss of CD71 and the appearance of the erythroid markers CD235a and CD239. Further, evaluation of erythroid populations revealed a hypoxia-induced increase in proerythroblasts and in enucleation of CD235a+ cells. These results reveal the extensive role of hypoxia at multiple steps during erythroid development. Overall, our work establishes a valuable model for further investigations into the relationship between erythroid progenitors and/or erythroblast populations and their hypoxic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bapat
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Natascha Schippel
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Xiaojian Shi
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Paniz Jasbi
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Mrinalini Kala
- Flow Cytometry Core, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Aparna Sertil
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ.
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11
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Definition of Erythroid Differentiation Subsets in Normal Human Bone Marrow Using FlowSOM Unsupervised Cluster Analysis of Flow Cytometry Data. Hemasphere 2020; 5:e512. [PMID: 33364551 PMCID: PMC7755522 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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12
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The VP1u of Human Parvovirus B19: A Multifunctional Capsid Protein with Biotechnological Applications. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121463. [PMID: 33352888 PMCID: PMC7765992 DOI: 10.3390/v12121463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The viral protein 1 unique region (VP1u) of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a multifunctional capsid protein with essential roles in virus tropism, uptake, and subcellular trafficking. These functions reside on hidden protein domains, which become accessible upon interaction with cell membrane receptors. A receptor-binding domain (RBD) in VP1u is responsible for the specific targeting and uptake of the virus exclusively into cells of the erythroid lineage in the bone marrow. A phospholipase A2 domain promotes the endosomal escape of the incoming virus. The VP1u is also the immunodominant region of the capsid as it is the target of neutralizing antibodies. For all these reasons, the VP1u has raised great interest in antiviral research and vaccinology. Besides the essential functions in B19V infection, the remarkable erythroid specificity of the VP1u makes it a unique erythroid cell surface biomarker. Moreover, the demonstrated capacity of the VP1u to deliver diverse cargo specifically to cells around the proerythroblast differentiation stage, including erythroleukemic cells, offers novel therapeutic opportunities for erythroid-specific drug delivery. In this review, we focus on the multifunctional role of the VP1u in B19V infection and explore its potential in diagnostics and erythroid-specific therapeutics.
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13
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Rosenberg CA, Bill M, Rodrigues MA, Hauerslev M, Kerndrup GB, Hokland P, Ludvigsen M. Exploring dyserythropoiesis in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome by imaging flow cytometry and machine-learning assisted morphometrics. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2020; 100:554-567. [PMID: 33285035 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hallmark of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) remains dysplasia in the bone marrow (BM). However, diagnosing MDS may be challenging and subject to inter-observer variability. Thus, there is an unmet need for novel objective, standardized and reproducible methods for evaluating dysplasia. Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) offers combined analyses of phenotypic and image-based morphometric parameters, for example, cell size and nuclearity. Hence, we hypothesized IFC to be a useful tool in MDS diagnostics. METHODS Using a different-from-normal approach, we investigated dyserythropoiesis by quantifying morphometric features in a median of 5953 erythroblasts (range: 489-68,503) from 14 MDS patients, 11 healthy donors, 6 non-MDS controls with increased erythropoiesis, and 6 patients with cytopenia. RESULTS First, we morphometrically confirmed normal erythroid maturation, as immunophenotypically defined erythroid precursors could be sequenced by significantly decreasing cell-, nuclear- and cytoplasm area. In MDS samples, we demonstrated cell size enlargement and increased fractions of macronormoblasts in late-stage erythroblasts (both p < .0001). Interestingly, cytopenic controls with high-risk mutational patterns displayed highly aberrant cell size morphometrics. Furthermore, assisted by machine learning algorithms, we reliably identified and enumerated true binucleated erythroblasts at a significantly higher frequency in two out of three erythroblast maturation stages in MDS patients compared to normal BM (both p = .0001). CONCLUSION We demonstrate proof-of-concept results of the applicability of automated IFC-based techniques to study and quantify morphometric changes in dyserythropoietic BM cells. We propose that IFC holds great promise as a powerful and objective tool in the complex setting of MDS diagnostics with the potential for minimizing inter-observer variability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Bill
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Mathias Hauerslev
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gitte B Kerndrup
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Hokland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maja Ludvigsen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Mestrum SGC, de Wit NCJ, Drent RJM, Hopman AHN, Ramaekers FCS, Leers MPG. Proliferative activity is disturbed in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and MDS/MPN diseases. Differences between MDS and MDS/MPN. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2020; 100:322-330. [PMID: 32857909 PMCID: PMC8247351 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation marker Ki-67 is widely used within the field of diagnostic histopathology as a prognostic marker for solid cancers. However, Ki-67 is hardly used for prognostic and diagnostic purposes in flow cytometric analyses of hematologic neoplasms. In the present study, we investigated to what extent the proliferative activity, as determined by Ki-67 expression, is disturbed in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and MDS/MPN diseases. Bone marrow aspirates from 74 patients suffering from MPN, MDS, or MDS/MPN, and aspirates from 50 non-malignant cases were analyzed by flow cytometry for Ki-67 expression in the erythro-, myelo-, and monopoiesis. Ki-67 expression was used to investigate the proliferative activity during the various maturation steps within these hematopoietic cell lineages. In the MPN patient cohort, the proliferative activity of all cell lineages is significantly higher during almost all maturation stages compared to those of the benign control cohort. In the MDS and MDS/MPN cohort, a significantly lower proliferative activity is observed in the early maturation stages. In the MDS/MPN patient cohort, increased proliferative activity is seen in the later stages of the maturation. MDS and MDS/MPN display a distinct pattern in the proliferating fraction of maturing hematopoietic cells. This could become of added value in order to classify these malignancies based on their biological background and behavior, as well as in gaining a better understanding into the pathobiology of these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G C Mestrum
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert C J de Wit
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roosmarie J M Drent
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton H N Hopman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frans C S Ramaekers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Nordic-MUbio, Susteren, The Netherlands
| | - Math P G Leers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
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15
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Orfao A, Matarraz S, Pérez-Andrés M, Almeida J, Teodosio C, Berkowska MA, van Dongen JJ. Immunophenotypic dissection of normal hematopoiesis. J Immunol Methods 2019; 475:112684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.112684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Maturation-associated gene expression profiles during normal human bone marrow erythropoiesis. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:69. [PMID: 30854228 PMCID: PMC6395734 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis has been extensively studied using in vitro and in vivo animal models. Despite this, there is still limited data about the gene expression profiles (GEP) of primary (ex vivo) normal human bone marrow (BM) erythroid maturation. We investigated the GEP of nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) precursors during normal human BM erythropoiesis. Three maturation-associated populations of NRBC were identified and purified from (fresh) normal human BM by flow cytometry and the GEP of each purified cell population directly analyzed using DNA-oligonucleotide microarrays. Overall, 6569 genes (19% of the genes investigated) were expressed in ≥1 stage of BM erythropoiesis at stable (e.g., genes involved in DNA process, cell signaling, protein organization and hemoglobin production) or variable amounts (e.g., genes related to cell differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism), the latter showing a tendency to either decrease from stage 1 to 3 (genes associated with regulation of erythroid differentiation and survival, e.g., SPI1, STAT5A) or increase from stage 2 to stage 3 (genes associated with autophagy, erythroid functions such as heme production, e.g., ALAS1, ALAS2), iron metabolism (e.g., ISCA1, SLC11A2), protection from oxidative stress (e.g., UCP2, PARK7), and NRBC enucleation (e.g., ID2, RB1). Interestingly, genes involved in apoptosis (e.g., CASP8, P2RX1) and immune response (e.g., FOXO3, TRAF6) were also upregulated in the last stage (stage 3) of maturation of NRBC precursors. Our results confirm and extend on previous observations and providing a frame of reference for better understanding the critical steps of human erythroid maturation and its potential alteration in patients with different clonal and non-clonal erythropoietic disorders.
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17
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Single-cell analyses demonstrate that a heme-GATA1 feedback loop regulates red cell differentiation. Blood 2018; 133:457-469. [PMID: 30530752 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-05-850412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is the complex, dynamic, and tightly regulated process that generates all mature red blood cells. To understand this process, we mapped the developmental trajectories of progenitors from wild-type, erythropoietin-treated, and Flvcr1-deleted mice at single-cell resolution. Importantly, we linked the quantity of each cell's surface proteins to its total transcriptome, which is a novel method. Deletion of Flvcr1 results in high levels of intracellular heme, allowing us to identify heme-regulated circuitry. Our studies demonstrate that in early erythroid cells (CD71+Ter119neg-lo), heme increases ribosomal protein transcripts, suggesting that heme, in addition to upregulating globin transcription and translation, guarantees ample ribosomes for globin synthesis. In later erythroid cells (CD71+Ter119lo-hi), heme decreases GATA1, GATA1-target gene, and mitotic spindle gene expression. These changes occur quickly. For example, in confirmatory studies using human marrow erythroid cells, ribosomal protein transcripts and proteins increase, and GATA1 transcript and protein decrease, within 15 to 30 minutes of amplifying endogenous heme synthesis with aminolevulinic acid. Because GATA1 initiates heme synthesis, GATA1 and heme together direct red cell maturation, and heme stops GATA1 synthesis, our observations reveal a GATA1-heme autoregulatory loop and implicate GATA1 and heme as the comaster regulators of the normal erythroid differentiation program. In addition, as excessive heme could amplify ribosomal protein imbalance, prematurely lower GATA1, and impede mitosis, these data may help explain the ineffective (early termination of) erythropoiesis in Diamond Blackfan anemia and del(5q) myelodysplasia, disorders with excessive heme in colony-forming unit-erythroid/proerythroblasts, explain why these anemias are macrocytic, and show why children with GATA1 mutations have DBA-like clinical phenotypes.
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18
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Westers TM, Cremers EMP, Oelschlaegel U, Johansson U, Bettelheim P, Matarraz S, Orfao A, Moshaver B, Brodersen LE, Loken MR, Wells DA, Subirá D, Cullen M, Te Marvelde JG, van der Velden VHJ, Preijers FWMB, Chu SC, Feuillard J, Guérin E, Psarra K, Porwit A, Saft L, Ireland R, Milne T, Béné MC, Witte BI, Della Porta MG, Kern W, van de Loosdrecht AA. Immunophenotypic analysis of erythroid dysplasia in myelodysplastic syndromes. A report from the IMDSFlow working group. Haematologica 2016; 102:308-319. [PMID: 27758818 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.147835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Current recommendations for diagnosing myelodysplastic syndromes endorse flow cytometry as an informative tool. Most flow cytometry protocols focus on the analysis of progenitor cells and the evaluation of the maturing myelomonocytic lineage. However, one of the most frequently observed features of myelodysplastic syndromes is anemia, which may be associated with dyserythropoiesis. Therefore, analysis of changes in flow cytometry features of nucleated erythroid cells may complement current flow cytometry tools. The multicenter study within the IMDSFlow Working Group, reported herein, focused on defining flow cytometry parameters that enable discrimination of dyserythropoiesis associated with myelodysplastic syndromes from non-clonal cytopenias. Data from a learning cohort were compared between myelodysplasia and controls, and results were validated in a separate cohort. The learning cohort comprised 245 myelodysplasia cases, 290 pathological, and 142 normal controls; the validation cohort comprised 129 myelodysplasia cases, 153 pathological, and 49 normal controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis performed in the learning cohort revealed that analysis of expression of CD36 and CD71 (expressed as coefficient of variation), in combination with CD71 fluorescence intensity and the percentage of CD117+ erythroid progenitors provided the best discrimination between myelodysplastic syndromes and non-clonal cytopenias (specificity 90%; 95% confidence interval: 84-94%). The high specificity of this marker set was confirmed in the validation cohort (92%; 95% confidence interval: 86-97%). This erythroid flow cytometry marker combination may improve the evaluation of cytopenic cases with suspected myelodysplasia, particularly when combined with flow cytometry assessment of the myelomonocytic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia M Westers
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline M P Cremers
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Uta Oelschlaegel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum "Carl-Gustav-Carus", Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrika Johansson
- Department of Haematology, University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Sergio Matarraz
- Servicio Central de Citometría (NUCLEUS) and Department of Medicine, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biologia Celular y Molecular del Cáncer, (CSIC/USAL and IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Servicio Central de Citometría (NUCLEUS) and Department of Medicine, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biologia Celular y Molecular del Cáncer, (CSIC/USAL and IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Dolores Subirá
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Spain
| | | | - Jeroen G Te Marvelde
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frank W M B Preijers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory for Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sung-Chao Chu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jean Feuillard
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Estelle Guérin
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Katherina Psarra
- Department of Immunology-Histocompatibility, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Porwit
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonie Saft
- Department of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Marie C Béné
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Nantes, France
| | - Birgit I Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo G Della Porta
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Italy
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19
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Marcelo KL, Lin F, Rajapakshe K, Dean A, Gonzales N, Coarfa C, Means AR, Goldie LC, York B. Deciphering hepatocellular responses to metabolic and oncogenic stress. J Biol Methods 2015; 2. [PMID: 26504887 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Each cell type responds uniquely to stress and fractionally contributes to global and tissue-specific stress responses. Hepatocytes, liver macrophages (MΦ), and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) play functionally important and interdependent roles in adaptive processes such as obesity and tumor growth. Although these cell types demonstrate significant phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, their distinctions enabling disease-specific responses remain understudied. We developed a strategy for the simultaneous isolation and quantification of these liver cell types based on antigenic cell surface marker expression. To demonstrate the utility and applicability of this technique, we quantified liver cell-specific responses to high-fat diet (HFD) or diethylnitrosamine (DEN), a liver-specific carcinogen, and found that while there was only a marginal increase in hepatocyte number, MΦ and SEC populations were quantitatively increased. Global gene expression profiling of hepatocytes, MΦ and SEC identified characteristic gene signatures that define each cell type in their distinct physiological or pathological states. Integration of hepatic gene signatures with available human obesity and liver cancer microarray data provides further insight into the cell-specific responses to metabolic or oncogenic stress. Our data reveal unique gene expression patterns that serve as molecular "fingerprints" for the cell-centric responses to pathologic stimuli in the distinct microenvironment of the liver. The technical advance highlighted in this study provides an essential resource for assessing hepatic cell-specific contributions to metabolic and oncogenic stress, information that could unveil previously unappreciated molecular mechanisms for the cellular crosstalk that underlies the continuum from metabolic disruption to obesity and ultimately hepatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrina L Marcelo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fumin Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adam Dean
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naomi Gonzales
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony R Means
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA ; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lauren C Goldie
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA ; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA ; USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian York
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA ; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Leisi R, von Nordheim M, Kempf C, Ros C. Specific Targeting of Proerythroblasts and Erythroleukemic Cells by the VP1u Region of Parvovirus B19. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1923-30. [PMID: 26240997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are evolutionarily developed cell-entering nanomachines, which are frequently used as gene or drug delivery systems. Parvovirus B19 (B19V) shows a remarkably restricted tropism for erythropoietin-dependent erythroid differentiation stages, and thus this virus provides an opportunity to deliver cargo to these intermediate differentiated cells. Here we report the construction of a delivery system from B19V subunits that maintains the highly selective cell-entry of the native virus and offers versatile cargo transport. To obtain this specific carrier, we conjugated the cell-targeting VP1u region of B19V to NeutrAvidin as a loading platform for biotinylated cargos. The VP1u-NeutrAvidin conjugate delivered fluorophores, DNA, and toxic payloads specifically to erythroid cells around the proerythroblast differentiation stage, including erythroleukemic cells. The VP1u-NeutrAvidin represents a unique cell surface marker which exclusively detects intermediate erythroid differentiation stages. Furthermore, the cell-entering property of this viral-based targeting system offers opportunities for erythroid-specific drug delivery or gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Leisi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcus von Nordheim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kempf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,CSL Behring AG , 3014 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Ros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,CSL Behring AG , 3014 Bern, Switzerland
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Abstract
Determining the developmental pathway leading to erythrocytes and being able to isolate their progenitors are crucial to understanding and treating disorders of red cell imbalance such as anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and polycythemia vera. Here we show that the human erythrocyte progenitor (hEP) can be prospectively isolated from adult bone marrow. We found three subfractions that possessed different expression patterns of CD105 and CD71 within the previously defined human megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitor (hMEP; Lineage(-) CD34(+) CD38(+) IL-3Rα(-) CD45RA(-)) population. Both CD71(-) CD105(-) and CD71(+) CD105(-) MEPs, at least in vitro, still retained bipotency for the megakaryocyte (MegK) and erythrocyte (E) lineages, although the latter subpopulation is skewed in differentiation toward the erythroid lineage. Notably, the proliferative and differentiation output of the CD71(intermediate(int)/+) CD105(+) subset of cells within the MEP population was completely restricted to the erythroid lineage with the loss of MegK potential. CD71(+) CD105(-) MEPs are erythrocyte-biased MEPs (E-MEPs) and CD71(int/+) CD105(+) cells are EPs. These previously unclassified populations may facilitate further understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing human erythroid development and serve as potential therapeutic targets in disorders of the erythroid lineage.
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Wang SA, Hasserjian RP. Acute Erythroleukemias, Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemias, and Reactive Mimics: A Guide to a Number of Perplexing Entities. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 144:44-60. [PMID: 26071461 DOI: 10.1309/ajcprkyat6ezqhc7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES At the 2013 Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Hematopathology Workshop, 36 cases were submitted to the session that covered acute erythroid leukemia (AEL), acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), and reactive mimics. METHODS Cases were reviewed by the session chairs and workshop panel to reach a consensus diagnosis. RESULTS For acute erythroleukemia, erythroid/myeloid type, discussion acknowledged overlapping features between AEL and myelodysplastic syndromes. Cases submitted as pure erythroid leukemia had distinctive morphology and immunophenotype, complex karyotypes, and aggressive clinical behavior, illustrating certain diagnostic features not currently captured by the current World Health Organization (WHO) definition. In Down syndrome, there were striking similarities between transient abnormal myelopoiesis and AMKL. Most cases of AMKL in adults would be classified as acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes according to the WHO classification, but this approach deemphasizes their unique clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic features. CONCLUSIONS The broad spectrum of cases illustrated the difficulties and complex issues involved in establishing a diagnosis of these entities and the need for better disease definitions.
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Laranjeira P, Rodrigues R, Carvalheiro T, Constanço C, Vitória H, Matarraz S, Trindade H, Órfão A, Paiva A. Expression of CD44 and CD35 during normal and myelodysplastic erythropoiesis. Leuk Res 2015; 39:361-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Eidenschink Brodersen L, Menssen AJ, Wangen JR, Stephenson CF, de Baca ME, Zehentner BK, Wells DA, Loken MR. Assessment of erythroid dysplasia by "difference from normal" in routine clinical flow cytometry workup. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2014; 88:125-35. [PMID: 25490867 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While multidimensional flow cytometry (MDF) has great utility in diagnostic workups of patients with suspected myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), only the myeloid lineage has demonstrated reproducible abnormalities from multiple laboratories. With the effects of ammonium chloride (NH4 Cl) lysis on erythroid progenitors previously described, we applied this protocol to a patient cohort with diagnosed MDS to investigate phenotypic abnormalities that indicate erythroid dysplasia. METHOD Bone marrow specimens [39 MDS, 9 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 7 JAK2(V617F) positive myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), and 5 nutritional deficiencies] were processed by NH4 Cl lysis and Ficoll preparation and evaluated by MDF using a difference from normal algorithm. RESULTS For the MDS cohort, phenotypic abnormalities on the mature erythroid progenitors were frequent for CD71 and CD36 (36% for each antigen); abnormalities for CD235a (8%) were observed. Among immature erythroid progenitors, abnormal maturation patterns (≤5%), and increased CD105 intensity (9%) were seen. Increased frequency of CD105 bright cells was observed (18%). While antigenic abnormalities correlated between NH4 Cl lysis and Ficoll preparation, the lysis method demonstrated the most consistent quantitative antigen intensities. Mean erythroid phenotypic abnormalities and prognostic cytogenetic subgroups correlated strongly. Morphologic and erythroid phenotypic abnormalities correlated, as did increasing FCSS and number of erythroid abnormalities, albeit without further increase for AML patients. DISCUSSION These data expand the understanding of erythropoiesis and define immunophenotypic abnormalities that indicate dyserythropoiesis in MDS using a lysis protocol practical for routine implementation in clinical flow cytometric workup. Preliminary studies also indicate strong correlation between phenotypic erythroid dysplasia and poor prognosis, as classified cytogenetically.
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Wangen JR, Eidenschink Brodersen L, Stolk TT, Wells DA, Loken MR. Assessment of normal erythropoiesis by flow cytometry: important considerations for specimen preparation. Int J Lab Hematol 2013; 36:184-96. [PMID: 24118926 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extension of quantitative flow cytometric studies to the erythroid lineage in patients with suspected myelodysplastic syndrome has prompted a reassessment of cell surface antigen expression during normal erythropoiesis. Erythropoiesis in normal and pathologic bone marrows was studied to determine the expected antigenic relationships of maturing erythroid cells. METHODS A total of 200 bone marrow specimens were evaluated by multidimensional flow cytometry (MDF). Samples were prepared using either NH4 Cl lysis or Ficoll density gradient separation. RESULTS Normal erythroid development is described as a two-step process observable with the intensity relationships between CD235a, CD71, CD45, CD105, CD34, CD117, and CD36. The variability of these intensities (CV) was determined. A comparison of processing techniques determined lysis is the optimal analytic technique for the analysis of early-stage erythroid cells. Nucleic acid staining with DRAQ5 revealed that Ficoll allows for the analysis of reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes otherwise eliminated by lysis. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate while lysis alters the light scatter characteristics of erythroid precursors, it did not alter quantitative antigen expression or nucleic acid content. The expected variability in antigen intensities is defined. These studies provide a basis for a comparison of erythroid development between normal individuals and those with erythroid dysplasia associated with myelodysplastic syndromes.
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