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Mungenast F, Fernando A, Nica R, Boghiu B, Lungu B, Batra J, Ecker RC. Next-Generation Digital Histopathology of the Tumor Microenvironment. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:538. [PMID: 33917241 PMCID: PMC8068063 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in cancer research is substantially dependent on innovative technologies that permit a concerted analysis of the tumor microenvironment and the cellular phenotypes resulting from somatic mutations and post-translational modifications. In view of a large number of genes, multiplied by differential splicing as well as post-translational protein modifications, the ability to identify and quantify the actual phenotypes of individual cell populations in situ, i.e., in their tissue environment, has become a prerequisite for understanding tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The need for quantitative analyses has led to a renaissance of optical instruments and imaging techniques. With the emergence of precision medicine, automated analysis of a constantly increasing number of cellular markers and their measurement in spatial context have become increasingly necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms that lead to different pathways of disease progression in individual patients. In this review, we summarize the joint effort that academia and industry have undertaken to establish methods and protocols for molecular profiling and immunophenotyping of cancer tissues for next-generation digital histopathology-which is characterized by the use of whole-slide imaging (brightfield, widefield fluorescence, confocal, multispectral, and/or multiplexing technologies) combined with state-of-the-art image cytometry and advanced methods for machine and deep learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Mungenast
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- TissueGnostics GmbH, 1020 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Achala Fernando
- Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (A.F.); (J.B.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | | | - Bogdan Boghiu
- TissueGnostics SRL, 700028 Iasi, Romania; (B.B.); (B.L.)
| | - Bianca Lungu
- TissueGnostics SRL, 700028 Iasi, Romania; (B.B.); (B.L.)
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (A.F.); (J.B.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Rupert C. Ecker
- TissueGnostics GmbH, 1020 Vienna, Austria;
- Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (A.F.); (J.B.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
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2
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Wu Z, Yan Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Chen D. Relationship Between mir15b and Sal-Like Protein 4 and Biological Behavior of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
miR15b and SALL4 are involved in a variety of tumor progression. The roles of miR15b and SALL4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. The tumors and normal mucosa of OSCC patients were collected to detect miR15b and SALL4 level by Real-time PCR and analyze their correlation
with OSCC clinicopathological features. Oral cancer Tca8113 cells were separated into control group; miR15b mimics group and miR15b inhibitor group followed by analysis of SALL4 expression, cell survival by MTT assay; cell invasion by Transwell chamber assay, as well as expression of N-cadherin
and Vimentin and correlated with TNM stage, tumor volume and metastasis, and positively with differentiation TGF-β by Western blot. miR15b expression was decreased and SALL4 expression was increased in OSCC tumor tissues. miR15b was negatively degree (P < 0.05), whereas,
opposite correlation of SALL4 with the above parameters was found (P < 0.05). miR15b and SALL4 were negatively correlated. MiR15b mimics significantly up-regulated MiR15b, decreased SALL4 expression, inhibited Tca8113 cell proliferation and invasion, as well as reduced N-cadherin,
Vimentin and TGF-βexpression (P < 0.05). Opposite results were found in MiR15b inhibitor group. MiR15b expression is decreased and SALL 4 is increased in OSCC tumor tissues. MiR15b and SALL4 is closely related to OSCC clinicopathological features. MiR15b regulates the
expression of EMT-related genes and TGF-β, thereby altering the proliferation and invasion of OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengbo Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Xianzhuo Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The People’s Hospital of Deyang, Deyang, 618400, China
| | - Dinggen Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
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3
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Ciocan-Cartita CA, Jurj A, Buse M, Gulei D, Braicu C, Raduly L, Cojocneanu R, Pruteanu LL, Iuga CA, Coza O, Berindan-Neagoe I. The Relevance of Mass Spectrometry Analysis for Personalized Medicine through Its Successful Application in Cancer "Omics". Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102576. [PMID: 31130665 PMCID: PMC6567119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an essential analytical technology on which the emerging omics domains; such as genomics; transcriptomics; proteomics and metabolomics; are based. This quantifiable technique allows for the identification of thousands of proteins from cell culture; bodily fluids or tissue using either global or targeted strategies; or detection of biologically active metabolites in ultra amounts. The routine performance of MS technology in the oncological field provides a better understanding of human diseases in terms of pathophysiology; prevention; diagnosis and treatment; as well as development of new biomarkers; drugs targets and therapies. In this review; we argue that the recent; successful advances in MS technologies towards cancer omics studies provides a strong rationale for its implementation in biomedicine as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alexandra Ciocan-Cartita
- MEDFUTURE -Research Center for Advanced Medicine," Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ancuța Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine," Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy.
| | - Mihail Buse
- MEDFUTURE -Research Center for Advanced Medicine," Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE -Research Center for Advanced Medicine," Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine," Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy.
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine," Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy.
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine," Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy.
| | - Lavinia Lorena Pruteanu
- MEDFUTURE -Research Center for Advanced Medicine," Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristina Adela Iuga
- MEDFUTURE -Research Center for Advanced Medicine," Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca.
| | - Ovidiu Coza
- Department of Oncology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Radiotherapy with High Energies and Brachytherapy, Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- MEDFUTURE -Research Center for Advanced Medicine," Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine," Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy.
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, Ion Chiricuțǎ Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca.
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4
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Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M, Lotfinia M, Gharibi T, Mardaneh J, Farhadihosseinabadi B, Larki P, Faghfourian B, Sepehr KS, Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi K, Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi G, Johari B, Zali MR, Bagheri N. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for cancer therapy: Strategies, challenges, and successes. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5628-5642. [PMID: 30478951 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of therapeutic molecules into cancer cells is considered as a promising strategy to tackle cancer. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), in which a monoclonal antibody (mAb) is conjugated to biologically active drugs through chemical linkers, have emerged as a promising class of anticancer treatment agents, being one of the fastest growing fields in cancer therapy. The failure of early ADCs led researchers to explore strategies to develop more effective and improved ADCs with lower levels of unconjugated mAbs and more-stable linkers between the drug and the antibody, which show improved pharmacokinetic properties, therapeutic indexes, and safety profiles. Such improvements resulted in the US Food and Drug Administration approvals of brentuximab vedotin, trastuzumab emtansine, and, more recently, inotuzumab ozogamicin. In addition, recent clinical outcomes have sparked additional interest, which leads to the dramatically increased number of ADCs in clinical development. The present review explores ADCs, their main characteristics, and new research developments, as well as discusses strategies for the selection of the most appropriate target antigens, mAbs, cytotoxic drugs, linkers, and conjugation chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghdad Abdollahpour-Alitappeh
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Majid Lotfinia
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tohid Gharibi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Mardaneh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Behrouz Farhadihosseinabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Larki
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Faghfourian
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Koushan Sineh Sepehr
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Ghasem Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.,Cancer Prevention Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Behrooz Johari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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5
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Theunissen JW, Cai AG, Bhatti MM, Cooper AB, Avery AD, Dorfman R, Guelman S, Levashova Z, Migone TS. Treating Tissue Factor-Positive Cancers with Antibody-Drug Conjugates That Do Not Affect Blood Clotting. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2412-2426. [PMID: 30126944 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The primary function of tissue factor (TF) resides in the vasculature as a cofactor of blood clotting; however, multiple solid tumors aberrantly express this transmembrane receptor on the cell surface. Here, we developed anti-TF antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) that did not interfere with the coagulation cascade and benchmarked them against previously developed anti-TF ADCs. After screening an affinity-matured antibody panel of diverse paratopes and affinities, we identified one primary paratope family that did not inhibit conversion of Factor X (FX) to activated Factor X (FXa) and did not affect conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. The rest of the antibody panel and previously developed anti-TF antibodies were found to perturb coagulation to varying degrees. To compare the anticancer activity of coagulation-inert and -inhibitory antibodies as ADCs, a selection of antibodies was conjugated to the prototypic cytotoxic agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) through a protease-cleavable linker. The coagulation-inert and -inhibitory anti-TF ADCs both killed cancer cells effectively. Importantly, the coagulation-inert ADCs were as efficacious as tisotumab vedotin, a clinical stage ADC that affected blood clotting, including in patient-derived xenografts from three solid tumor indications with a need for new therapeutic treatments-squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), ovarian, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, a subset of the anti-TF antibodies could also be considered for the treatment of other diseases associated with upregulation of membranous TF expression, such as macular degeneration. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(11); 2412-26. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allen G Cai
- Iconic Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | - Ryan Dorfman
- Haematologic Technologies, Essex Junction, Vermont
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6
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Schürch CM. Therapeutic Antibodies for Myeloid Neoplasms-Current Developments and Future Directions. Front Oncol 2018; 8:152. [PMID: 29868474 PMCID: PMC5968093 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as antibody-drug conjugates, ligand-receptor antagonists, immune checkpoint inhibitors and bispecific T cell engagers have shown impressive efficacy in the treatment of multiple human cancers. Numerous therapeutic mAbs that have been developed for myeloid neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), are currently investigated in clinical trials. Because AML and MDS originate from malignantly transformed hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells-the so-called leukemic stem cells (LSCs) that are highly resistant to most standard drugs-these malignancies frequently relapse and have a high disease-specific mortality. Therefore, combining standard chemotherapy with antileukemic mAbs that specifically target malignant blasts and particularly LSCs or utilizing mAbs that reinforce antileukemic host immunity holds great promise for improving patient outcomes. This review provides an overview of therapeutic mAbs for AML and MDS. Antibody targets, the molecular mechanisms of action, the efficacy in preclinical leukemia models, and the results of clinical trials are discussed. New developments and future studies of therapeutic mAbs in myeloid neoplasms will advance our understanding of the immunobiology of these diseases and enhance current therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M. Schürch
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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7
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Lie-A-Ling M, Marinopoulou E, Lilly AJ, Challinor M, Patel R, Lancrin C, Kouskoff V, Lacaud G. Regulation of RUNX1 dosage is crucial for efficient blood formation from hemogenic endothelium. Development 2018; 145:dev149419. [PMID: 29530939 PMCID: PMC5868988 DOI: 10.1242/dev.149419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During ontogeny, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells arise from hemogenic endothelium through an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition that is strictly dependent on the transcription factor RUNX1. Although it is well established that RUNX1 is essential for the onset of hematopoiesis, little is known about the role of RUNX1 dosage specifically in hemogenic endothelium and during the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. Here, we used the mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation system to determine if and how RUNX1 dosage affects hemogenic endothelium differentiation. The use of inducible Runx1 expression combined with alterations in the expression of the RUNX1 co-factor CBFβ allowed us to evaluate a wide range of RUNX1 levels. We demonstrate that low RUNX1 levels are sufficient and necessary to initiate an effective endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. Subsequently, RUNX1 is also required to complete the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition and to generate functional hematopoietic precursors. In contrast, elevated levels of RUNX1 are able to drive an accelerated endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, but the resulting cells are unable to generate mature hematopoietic cells. Together, our results suggest that RUNX1 dosage plays a pivotal role in hemogenic endothelium maturation and the establishment of the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lie-A-Ling
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Elli Marinopoulou
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Andrew J Lilly
- Stem Cell Hematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Mairi Challinor
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Rahima Patel
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Christophe Lancrin
- EMBL Rome, Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, Campus Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Via Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Stem Cell Hematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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8
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Lichtenegger FS, Krupka C, Haubner S, Köhnke T, Subklewe M. Recent developments in immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:142. [PMID: 28743264 PMCID: PMC5526264 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of new immunotherapeutic agents in clinical practice has revolutionized cancer treatment in the past decade, both in oncology and hematology. The transfer of the immunotherapeutic concepts to the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is hampered by various characteristics of the disease, including non-leukemia-restricted target antigen expression profile, low endogenous immune responses, and intrinsic resistance mechanisms of the leukemic blasts against immune responses. However, considerable progress has been made in this field in the past few years.Within this manuscript, we review the recent developments and the current status of the five currently most prominent immunotherapeutic concepts: (1) antibody-drug conjugates, (2) T cell-recruiting antibody constructs, (3) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, (4) checkpoint inhibitors, and (5) dendritic cell vaccination. We focus on the clinical data that has been published so far, both for newly diagnosed and refractory/relapsed AML, but omitting immunotherapeutic concepts in conjunction with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Besides, we have included important clinical trials that are currently running or have recently been completed but are still lacking full publication of their results.While each of the concepts has its particular merits and inherent problems, the field of immunotherapy of AML seems to have taken some significant steps forward. Results of currently running trials will reveal the direction of further development including approaches combining two or more of these concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix S Lichtenegger
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Krupka
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Sascha Haubner
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Köhnke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Subklewe
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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9
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Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Current Status of Marine-Derived Compounds as Warheads in Anti-Tumor Drug Candidates. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15040099. [PMID: 28353637 PMCID: PMC5408245 DOI: 10.3390/md15040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we have attempted to describe all of the antibody–drug conjugates using a marine-derived compound as the “warhead”, that are currently in clinical trials as listed in the current version of the NIH clinical trials database (clinicaltrials.gov). In searching this database, we used the beta-test version currently available, as it permitted more specific search parameters, since the regular version did not always find trials that had been completed in the past with some agents. We also added small discussion sections on candidates that are still at the preclinical stage, including a derivative of diazonamide that has an unusual interaction with tubulin (DZ-23840), which may also be a potential warhead in the future.
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10
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Beck A, Goetsch L, Dumontet C, Corvaïa N. Strategies and challenges for the next generation of antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:315-337. [PMID: 28303026 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1359] [Impact Index Per Article: 194.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are one of the fastest growing classes of oncology therapeutics. After half a century of research, the approvals of brentuximab vedotin (in 2011) and trastuzumab emtansine (in 2013) have paved the way for ongoing clinical trials that are evaluating more than 60 further ADC candidates. The limited success of first-generation ADCs (developed in the early 2000s) informed strategies to bring second-generation ADCs to the market, which have higher levels of cytotoxic drug conjugation, lower levels of naked antibodies and more-stable linkers between the drug and the antibody. Furthermore, lessons learned during the past decade are now being used in the development of third-generation ADCs. In this Review, we discuss strategies to select the best target antigens as well as suitable cytotoxic drugs; the design of optimized linkers; the discovery of bioorthogonal conjugation chemistries; and toxicity issues. The selection and engineering of antibodies for site-specific drug conjugation, which will result in higher homogeneity and increased stability, as well as the quest for new conjugation chemistries and mechanisms of action, are priorities in ADC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, 74160 Saint Julien en Genevois, France
| | - Liliane Goetsch
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, 74160 Saint Julien en Genevois, France
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM, 1052/CNRS, 69000 Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Corvaïa
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, 74160 Saint Julien en Genevois, France
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11
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Tima S, Okonogi S, Ampasavate C, Pickens C, Berkland C, Anuchapreeda S. Development and Characterization of FLT3-Specific Curcumin-Loaded Polymeric Micelles as a Drug Delivery System for Treating FLT3-Overexpressing Leukemic Cells. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:3645-3657. [PMID: 27751588 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at developing a curcumin (CM) nanoparticle targeted to Feline McDonough Sarcoma (FMS)-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) protein on the surface of leukemic cells and at evaluating their properties, specificity, cytotoxicity, and inhibitory effect on FLT3 protein level in FLT3-overexpressing leukemic cells, EoL-1, and MV-4-11 cells. FLT3-specific peptides were conjugated onto modified poloxamer 407 using the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. The thin film hydration method was performed for FLT3-specific CM-loaded polymeric micelles (FLT3-CM-micelles) preparation. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy were used to determine rate of cellular uptake. 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was used to test the cytotoxicity of the micelles on leukemic cells. FLT3-CM-micelles demonstrated a mean particle size less than 50 nm, high entrapment efficiency, and high rate of CM uptake by leukemic cells. The intracellular CM fluorescence is related to FLT3 protein levels on the leukemic cell surfaces. Moreover, FLT3-CM-micelles demonstrated an excellent cytotoxic effect and decreased FLT3 protein expression in the leukemic cells. The FLT3-CM-micelles could enhance both solubility and cytotoxicity of CM on FLT3-overexpressing leukemic cells. These promising nanoparticles may be used for enhancing antileukemic activity of CM and developed as a targeted drug delivery system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Singkome Tima
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Program, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chadarat Ampasavate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chad Pickens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Kansas 66047
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Kansas 66047.
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Salema V, Mañas C, Cerdán L, Piñero-Lambea C, Marín E, Roovers RC, Van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Fernández LÁ. High affinity nanobodies against human epidermal growth factor receptor selected on cells by E. coli display. MAbs 2016; 8:1286-1301. [PMID: 27472381 PMCID: PMC5058628 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1216742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most therapeutic antibodies (Abs) target cell surface proteins on tumor and immune cells. Cloning of Ab gene libraries in E. coli and their display on bacteriophages is commonly used to select novel therapeutic Abs binding target antigens, either purified or expressed on cells. However, the sticky nature of bacteriophages renders phage display selections on cells challenging. We previously reported an E. coli display system for expression of VHHs (i.e., nanobodies, Nbs) on the surface of bacteria and selection of high-affinity clones by magnetic cell sorting (MACS). Here, we demonstrate that E. coli display is also an attractive method for isolation of Nbs against cell surface antigens, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), upon direct selection and screening of Ab libraries on live cells. We employ a whole cell-based strategy using a VHH library obtained by immunization with human tumor cells over-expressing EGFR (i.e., A431), and selection of bacterial clones bound to murine fibroblast NIH-3T3 cells transfected with human EGFR, after depletion of non-specific clones on untransfected cells. This strategy resulted in the isolation of high-affinity Nbs binding distinct epitopes of EGFR, including Nbs competing with the ligand, EGF, as characterized by flow cytometry of bacteria displaying the Nbs and binding assays with purified Nbs using surface plasmon resonance. Hence, our study demonstrates that E. coli display of VHH libraries and selection on cells enables efficient isolation and characterization of high-affinity Nbs against cell surface antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valencio Salema
- a Department of Microbial Biotechnology , Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco , Madrid , Spain
| | - Carmen Mañas
- a Department of Microbial Biotechnology , Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco , Madrid , Spain
| | - Lidia Cerdán
- a Department of Microbial Biotechnology , Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco , Madrid , Spain
| | - Carlos Piñero-Lambea
- a Department of Microbial Biotechnology , Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco , Madrid , Spain
| | - Elvira Marín
- a Department of Microbial Biotechnology , Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rob C Roovers
- b Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | | | - Luis Ángel Fernández
- a Department of Microbial Biotechnology , Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco , Madrid , Spain
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13
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Rashidi A, Walter RB. Antigen-specific immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: where are we now, and where do we go from here? Expert Rev Hematol 2016; 9:335-50. [DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2016.1142868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Fairfield H, Falank C, Avery L, Reagan MR. Multiple myeloma in the marrow: pathogenesis and treatments. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1364:32-51. [PMID: 27002787 PMCID: PMC4806534 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B cell malignancy resulting in osteolytic lesions and fractures. In the disease state, bone healing is limited owing to increased osteoclastic and decreased osteoblastic activity, as well as an MM-induced forward-feedback cycle where bone-embedded growth factors further enhance tumor progression as bone is resorbed. Recent work on somatic mutation in MM tumors has provided insight into cytogenetic changes associated with this disease; the initiating driver mutations causing MM are diverse because of the complexity and multitude of mutations inherent in MM tumor cells. This manuscript provides an overview of MM pathogenesis by summarizing cytogenic changes related to oncogenes and tumor suppressors associated with MM, reviewing risk factors, and describing the disease progression from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to overt MM. It also highlights the importance of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) in the establishment and progression of MM, as well as associated MM-induced bone disease, and the relationship of the bone marrow to current and future therapeutics. This review highlights why understanding the basic biology of the healthy and diseased BMM is crucial in the quest for better treatments and work toward a cure for genetically diverse diseases such as MM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michaela R Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
- University of Maine, Orono, Maine
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