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Poonsombudlert K, Mott S, Miller B, Yodsuwan R, Shaikh H, Strouse C, Lochner J, Farooq U, Magalhaes‐Silverman M. Clinical outcomes of patients receiving three versus four doses of methotrexate with concomitant antithymocyte globulin in match unrelated donor allogeneic stem cell transplant: A single-center experience. EJHAEM 2024; 5:578-583. [PMID: 38895065 PMCID: PMC11182390 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) doses on days +1, +3, +6, and +11 after match unrelated donor allogeneic stem cell transplant (MUD HSCT) is a common graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis regimen. However, the overlapping toxicity of MTX with conditioning chemotherapy sometimes warrants the omission of the fourth dose of MTX. Prior single-institution studies showed conflicting results comparing the outcomes of patients who received three versus four doses of MTX, but to our knowledge, the effect of concomitant antithymocyte globulin (ATG) has not been reported. Charts of patients who underwent MUD HSCT between 2009 and 2023 were reviewed. Patients received rabbit ATG (Thymoglobulin), given at 0.5 mg/kg on day -3, 2 mg/kg on day -2, and 2.5 mg/kg on day -1. MTX is given at 15 mg/m2 on day +1 and 10 mg/m2 on days +3, +6, and +11. Severe mucositis was the most common indication for day +11 MTX omission (82%). We identified 292 patients (116 in 3 dose cohort and 176 in 4 dose cohort). Median follow-up was 23 months (range 1-151). Patients in the 4 doses cohort were more frequently male (68% vs. 50%, p < 0.01), received a reduced intensity conditioning regimen (38.0% vs. 22%, p < 0.01), were older (median 58 vs. 54 years, p = 0.02), and received a transplant in the earlier era (median HSCT year 2014 vs. 2018, p < 0.01). A statistically significant difference was not evidenced between the cohorts for the following outcomes: acute GVHD (aGVHD) (HR 1.1, 95% CI 0.9-1.5), chronic GVHD (cGVHD) (HR 1.3, 95% CI 0.8-1.6), relapse-free survival (RFS) (HR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6-1.5), non-relapse mortality (NRM) (HR 1.4, 95% CI 0.9-2.2), and overall survival (OS) (HR 1.2, 95% CI 0.9-1.7). Both cohorts had similar median time to neutrophil engraftment at 14 days. When ATG is incorporated, omission of day +11 MTX does not significantly impact the rate of engraftment or cumulative incidence of aGVHD, cGVHD, RFS, NRM, and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittika Poonsombudlert
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer at the University of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Sarah Mott
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer at the University of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Benda Miller
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer at the University of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Ratdanai Yodsuwan
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer at the University of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Hira Shaikh
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer at the University of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Christopher Strouse
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer at the University of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Jonathan Lochner
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer at the University of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Umar Farooq
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer at the University of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIowaUSA
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Fukushi K, Monna-Oiwa M, Kato S, Isobe M, Kuroda S, Nannya Y, Takahashi S, Konuma T. Influence of interruption of oral mycophenolate mofetil for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis on outcomes after single cord blood transplantation. BLOOD CELL THERAPY 2024; 7:41-48. [PMID: 38854401 PMCID: PMC11153209 DOI: 10.31547/bct-2023-038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), in combination with a calcineurin inhibitor, is used as the prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Compared to intravenous methotrexate (MTX), MMF is associated with a lower incidence of mucositis and shorter time for hematopoietic engraftment but comparable incidence of acute GVHD, resulting in the preferred use of MMF for GVHD prophylaxis in elderly patients or those undergoing cord blood transplantation (CBT). Although several studies have evaluated the clinical impact of MTX omission due to toxicity after allogeneic HCT, the impact of oral MMF interruption for GVHD prophylaxis on transplant outcomes remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we retrospectively analyzed the consecutive data of adult patients who underwent single-unit unrelated CBT and received oral MMF in combination with cyclosporine for GVHD prophylaxis at our hospital. Among the 53 patients, the planned dose of MMF was interrupted in 14 with a median of 19.5 d (range, 3-27 d) of CBT. In multivariate analysis, MMF interruption, which was treated as a time-dependent covariate, was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 5.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.03-14.43; P < 0.001) and higher non-relapse mortality (HR, 7.56; 95% CI, 1.99-28.79; P = 0.002). Further studies with larger cohorts are necessary to confirm the clinical significance of oral MMF interruption in GVHD prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahori Fukushi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Monna-Oiwa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiko Kato
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Isobe
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kuroda
- Department of Pharmacy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nannya
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Division of Clinical Precision Research Platform, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Konuma
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Hamilton BK, Rybicki LA, Li H, Lucas T, Corrigan D, Kalaycio M, Sobecks R, Hanna R, Rotz SJ, Dean RM, Gerds AT, Jagadeesh D, Brunstein C, Sauter CS, Copelan EA, Majhail NS. Tacrolimus/methotrexate vs tacrolimus/reduced-dose methotrexate/mycophenolate for graft-versus-host disease prevention. Blood Adv 2023; 7:4505-4513. [PMID: 37352262 PMCID: PMC10440463 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tacrolimus (Tac)/methotrexate (MTX) is standard graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis; however, is associated with several toxicities. Tac, reduced-dose MTX (mini-MTX), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) have been used but never compared with standard MTX. We performed a randomized trial comparing Tac/MTX (full-MTX) with Tac/mini-MTX/MMF (mini-MTX/MMF) for GVHD prevention after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Patients (pts) receiving first myeloablative HCT using an 8/8 HLA-matched donor were eligible. Primary end points were incidence of acute GVHD (aGVHD), mucositis, and engraftment. Secondary end points included chronic GVHD (cGVHD), organ toxicity, infection, relapse, nonrelapse mortality (NRM), and overall survival (OS). Ninety-six pts were randomly assigned to full-MTX (N = 49) or mini-MTX (N = 47). The majority (86%) used bone marrow grafts. There was no significant difference in grade 2-4 aGVHD (28% mini-MTX/MMF vs 27% full-MTX; P = .41); however higher incidence of grade 3-4 aGVHD (13% vs 4%; P = .07) with mini-MTX/MMF. Pts receiving mini-MTX/MMF had lower grade 3 or 4 mucositis and faster engraftment. There were no differences in moderate-to-severe cGVHD at 1 year or infections. Pts receiving mini-MTX/MMF experienced less nephrotoxicity and respiratory failure. There was no difference in the 1-year relapse (19% vs 21%; P = .89) and OS (72% vs 71%; P = .08), and mini-MTX/MMF was associated with lower but nonsignificant NRM (11% vs 22%; P = .06). Compared with full-MTX, mini-MTX/MMF was associated with no difference in grade 2-4 aGVHD and a more favorable toxicity profile. The higher severe aGVHD warrants further study to optimize this regimen. The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01951885.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty K. Hamilton
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lisa A. Rybicki
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Taylor Lucas
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Donna Corrigan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Matt Kalaycio
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ronald Sobecks
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Rabi Hanna
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Pediatric Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Seth J. Rotz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Pediatric Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Robert M. Dean
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Aaron T. Gerds
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Deepa Jagadeesh
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Claudio Brunstein
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Craig S. Sauter
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Edward A. Copelan
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
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Ramanan R, Lim ABM, Tan JLC, Barmanray RD, Mason K, Collins J, Hillman M, Szer J, Bajel A, Ritchie D. Predictors and Outcomes of Dose Reduction of Methotrexate and Cyclosporin Graft-Versus-Host-Disease Prophylaxis Following Allogeneic Haematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Intern Med J 2022. [PMID: 35666197 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concern regarding dose-related toxicities of methotrexate (MTX) and cyclosporin (CYA) GVHD prophylaxis occasionally lead to dose alterations post allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT). AIM To clarify causes of MTX and CYA dose alteration and assess impact on patient outcomes including GVHD, relapse, non-relapse mortality (NRM), and overall survival (OS). METHOD Analysis of retrospective data was performed in a single tertiary centre of patients who underwent alloHCT for any indication and who received GVHD prophylaxis with CYA and MTX between the years 2011 and 2015. Univariate analysis was conducted using the log-rank test for OS and using competing risk regression for NRM, relapse and GVHD. Fisher exact tests were used to determine if an association existed between each of the pre-transplant variables and MTX alteration. Multivariate models for OS and NRM were constructed using Cox proportional hazards modelling and competing risk regression respectively. RESULTS 54/196 (28%) had MTX alterations and 61/187 (33%) had CYA alterations. Reasons for MTX alteration included mucositis, renal or liver impairment, fluid overload and sepsis. Causes of CYA alteration were numerous but most commonly due to acute kidney impairment. MTX alteration was associated with inferior OS (HR 2.4, P=<0.001) and higher NRM (OR 4.6, P<0.001) at 6 years(y) post-landmark. CYA alteration was associated with greater NRM (OR 2.7, P= 0.0137) at 6y. GVHD rates were unaffected by dose alteration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest dose alteration in MTX and CYA GVHD prophylaxis is associated with adverse survival outcomes in alloHCT, without a significant impact on GVHD rates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Ramanan
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Andrew B M Lim
- Department of Clinical Haematology and Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - Joanne L C Tan
- Department of Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Rahul D Barmanray
- Department of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Kate Mason
- Department of Clinical Haematology and Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - Jenny Collins
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Matthew Hillman
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Jeff Szer
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Ashish Bajel
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Dept of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - David Ritchie
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Reljic T, Kumar A, Yassine F, Keller K, Fernandez A, Murthy H, Ayala E, Aljurf M, Iqbal M. Omission of day +11 methotrexate dose and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation outcomes: results of a systematic review/meta-analysis. Bone Marrow Transplant 2022; 57:65-71. [PMID: 34642451 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-021-01496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is potentially curative for patients with malignant and benign hematologic conditions. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a known complication of allo-HCT that results in significant morbidity and mortality. A common GVHD prophylaxis strategy combines a calcineurin inhibitor with methotrexate. When mucositis and organ toxicity develop, the day +11 dose is frequently omitted to limit further organ damage. The potential impact of this practice on allo-HCT outcomes is unclear as published data show conflicting results. Thus, we performed a systematic review/meta-analysis of the available literature to assess the impact of omitting day +11 methotrexate on allo-HCT recipients. Data were extracted in relation to benefits (overall survival [OS], progression-free survival [PFS]) and harms (acute and chronic GVHD, non-relapse mortality [NRM], and relapse). Pooled OS rate favored those who received day +11 methotrexate vs. those who did not (HR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.02-1.43; p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in pooled rates of PFS (HR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.60-1.52; p = 0.85), acute GVHD (HR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.35-2.98; p = 0.96), chronic GVHD (HR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.44-1.57; p = 0.57), NRM (HR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.67-1.11; p = 0.25), and relapse (HR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.75-1.26; p = 0.83) between the two groups. Large prospective multicenter studies are needed to better define the significance of day +11 methotrexate omission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Kharfan-Dabaja
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Programs, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Tea Reljic
- Research Methodology and Biostatistics Core, Office of Research, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Arni Kumar
- Largo High School, IB Program, Largo, FL, USA
| | - Farah Yassine
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Programs, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Katelyn Keller
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Programs, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Andre Fernandez
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Programs, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Hemant Murthy
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Programs, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ernesto Ayala
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Programs, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mahmoud Aljurf
- Department of Adult Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Madiha Iqbal
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Programs, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Inferior Outcomes with Cyclosporine and Mycophenolate Mofetil after Myeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 25:1744-1755. [PMID: 31158502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Combination therapy with a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI), such as cyclosporine (CSA) or tacrolimus (Tac), and methotrexate (MTX) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a widely used approach to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention. Data on the comparative effectiveness of MMF compared with MTX are limited and conflicting, however. We analyzed data from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research for adult patients undergoing first myeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) from an HLA-identical matched related donor (MRD; n = 3979) or matched unrelated donor (URD; n = 4163) using CSA+MMF, CSA+MTX, Tac+MMF, or Tac+MTX for GVHD prevention between 2000 and 2013. Within the MRD cohort, 2252 patients received CSA+MTX, 1391 received Tac+MTX, 114 received CSA+MMF, and 222 received Tac+MMF. Recipients of CSA+MMF had a higher incidence of acute GVHD grade II-IV (hazard ratio [HR], 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24 to 2.20; P < .001) and grade III-IV (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.31 to 2.83; P < .001) compared with Tac+MTX. The use of CSA+MMF was also associated with inferior overall survival (OS) (HR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.73 to 3.09; P < .001) due to higher transplantation-related mortality (TRM) (HR, 4.03; 95% CI, 2.61 to 6.23; P < .001) compared with Tac+MTX. Within the URD cohort, 974 patients received CSA+MTX, 2697 received Tac+MTX, 68 received CSA+MMF, and 424 received Tac+MMF. CSA+MMF was again significantly associated with a higher incidence of grade III-IV acute GVHD (HR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.57 to 3.42; P <0001), worse OS (HR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.67 to 3.35; P < .001), and higher TRM (HR, 3.09; 95% CI, 2.00 to 4.77; P < .001), compared with Tac+MTX and other regimens. Thus, this large retrospective comparison of MMF versus MTX in combination with CSA or Tac demonstrates significantly worse GVHD and survival outcomes with CSA+MMF compared with Tac+MTX.
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Leon-Rodriguez E, Rivera-Franco MM, Campos-Castro A. Is day +1 omission of methotrexate associated with higher incidence of acute GvHD in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation? Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:772-774. [PMID: 28112753 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Leon-Rodriguez
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M M Rivera-Franco
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Campos-Castro
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
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