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Blagova B, Krastev D, Krastev N, Malinova L. Tissue changes and tissue reactivity following osteotomy by a conventional rotary device, an ultrasonic unit, and an Er: YAG laser - A comparative study in humans. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2023; 125:101750. [PMID: 38142938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Innovative technologies from other fields of science are constantly being introduced in medicine. Research works on animals strongly confirm the belief in better results following ultrasound and laser surgery. The main conclusions are based on observations from different animal species, whose biological characteristics differ from those of humans. This requires scientific experiments to be performed and confirmed in humans. MATERIAL & METHODS Human mandible specimens harvested in vivo by a conventional low-speed rotary device, an ultrasonic unit, or an Er: YAG laser were studied and analyzed to compare their effects on bone morphology and tissue response following surgery. RESULTS The cutting surface of eighty biopsies was studied, as well the facial edema, pain levels, and jaw dysfunction were followed up in the same eighty patients from whom the slices were obtained. In the piezosurgery and drill groups, the borders exhibited irregular edges full of bone fragments and debris. Thermal alterations within the superficial surface in all bone samples were generally minimal. In all specimens, intact osteocytes were detectable away from the area of direct action of the bone-cutting device. It was established, that the reactive facial edema, pain levels, and jaw disfunction were with milder values following in vivo osteotomy by an ultrasonic unit and Er: YAG laser compared to the conventional drilling. Moreover, the recovery of the patients in these two groups was more pronounced. The observed tissue changes proved to affect the follow-up tissue reactions in the postoperative period (p ≤ 0.05). DISCUSSION Based on the established effects on human bone by its in vivo cutting, it can be concluded that laser and ultrasonic bone surgery was a superior alternative osteotomy method in humans to conventional drilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bistra Blagova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.
| | - Dimo Krastev
- Medical College "Jordanka Filaretova", Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria; Faculty of Public Health, Health Care and Sport, South-West University "Neofit Rilski", Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Krastev
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Lina Malinova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
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Blagova B, Krastev D, Malinova L. Conventional drilling versus ultrasound and laser osteotomy in mandibular third molar surgery: A comparative study. Lasers Surg Med 2023; 55:862-870. [PMID: 37811576 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few research works with in-depth studies and direct simultaneous comparisons of the effects on tissue reactions and patients' recovery following in vivo conventional drilling, ultrasound- and laser-assisted osteotomy in humans. OBJECTIVE The current study aims to compare bone cutting duration, pain, swelling, and trismus in patients following surgical mandible third molar extraction by bone removal using three different osteotomes-a conventional rotary device, an ultrasonic unit, and an Er:YAG laser. METHODS A prospective, randomized three-group comparative clinical trial was performed. As an experimental setting for the study, аn open mandible third molar surgery was chosen because osteotomy is included in its protocol. Patients were divided into three groups according to the used device for bone removal. Bone cutting time intraoperatively, facial swelling, trismus, and pain on the first, second, and third postoperative days were assessed. The statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS v. 17.0-Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way ANOVA, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and χ2 test. Statistical results were considered significant at p < 0.05 (confidence interval of difference, 95% CI). RESULTS Eighty patients (34 males and 46 females with an average age of 25.18 years) were included in the study. The average time for bone removal by the conventional low-speed device (4.95 min), by the ultrasonic unit (5.13 min), and by the Er:YAG laser (9.00 min) differed significantly (p = 0.001). The mean postoperative facial swelling showed a marked difference between the groups (p < 0.05), in favor of the laser and piezo groups. The osteotome proved to influence pain intensity not only immediately after surgery (p = 0.002), but also during the followed-up period (p = 0.001), again in favor of the two above-mentioned groups. No association was found between trismus and the osteotome used by the followed-up patients (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Bone-cutting mechanism and the biological influence of the laser beam and ultrasound on living tissues proved to be favorable factors for patients' pain levels and tissue swelling postoperatively independent of the longer osteotomy duration compared to conventional drilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bistra Blagova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimo Krastev
- Medical College "Jordanka Filaretova", Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Faculty of Public Health, Health Care and Sport, South-West University "Neofit Rilski", Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Lina Malinova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Harris DM, Sulewski JG. Photoinactivation and Photoablation of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Pathogens 2023; 12:1160. [PMID: 37764967 PMCID: PMC10535405 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several types of phototherapy target human pathogens and Porphyromonas gingivitis (Pg) in particular. The various approaches can be organized into five different treatment modes sorted by different power densities, interaction times, effective wavelengths and mechanisms of action. Mode 1: antimicrobial ultraviolet (aUV); mode 2: antimicrobial blue light (aBL); mode 3: antimicrobial selective photothermolysis (aSP); mode 4: antimicrobial vaporization; mode 5: antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). This report reviews the literature to identify for each mode (a) the putative molecular mechanism of action; (b) the effective wavelength range and penetration depth; (c) selectivity; (d) in vitro outcomes; and (e) clinical trial/study outcomes as these elements apply to Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). The characteristics of each mode influence how each is translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Harris
- Bio-Medical Consultants, Inc., Canandaigua, NY 14424, USA
- Department of Periodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - John G. Sulewski
- Institute for Advanced Dental Technologies, Huntington Woods, MI 48070, USA
- Millennium Dental Technologies, Inc., Cerritos, CA 90703, USA
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Chen B, Du T, Wang J, Gao Q, Zhang N, Zheng C, Dong J, Zhou J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Reduction of thermal effects in a 2.7-µm Er:Y 2O 3 ceramic laser with annular pumping. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:2584-2592. [PMID: 36785268 DOI: 10.1364/oe.480430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of thermal effects is a challenging aspect for power scaling of 2.7-µm bulk Er-lasers due to the large quantum defect when pumping at ∼ 0.97 µm. Here, we demonstrate that thermal effects in an Er:Y2O3 ceramic laser can be significantly reduced pumping by an annular beam, thus improving the continuous-wave (CW) laser performance in the 3-µm spectral range. The excitation conditions of the TEM00 mode were determined theoretically by taking into account the propagation characteristics of the annular pump beam. For a comparison, the temperature and stress distributions are at first theoretically studied with three different pump configurations. In the experiment, output power of the Er:Y2O3 ceramic laser improved by ∼ 60% by changing the pump beam from coventional quasi-top-hat to a designed annular one. This work, as a proof-of-principle study, indicates the potential of power scaling of the 2.7-µm bulk Er-lasers pumping with an annular beam.
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Wenyan H, Pujue Z, Yuhang H, Zhenni L, Yuejun W, Wenbin W, Ziling L, Pathak JL, Sujuan Z. The impact of Er:YAG laser combined with fluoride treatment on the supragingival plaque microbiome in children with multiple caries: a dynamic study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:537. [PMID: 36424564 PMCID: PMC9685943 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a minimally invasive tool for caries prevention tool, the pulsed erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser is being used in a large number of studies. Microorganisms are extremely vital in the occurrence and development of dental caries. However, the impact of Er:YAG laser irradiation combined with fluoride on the dynamic microbial changes that occur in dental plaques is still uncertain. In this study, we examined the effect of an Er:YAG laser combined with fluorine on supragingival microbial composition and diversity in children with multiple caries. METHODS In this study, dental plaque samples (n = 48) were collected from 12 children with over 8 filled teeth. Supragingival plaques from left mandibular molars before (CB) and after fluoride treatment (CA) and right mandibular molars before (EB) and after fluoride+Er:YAG laser treatment (EA) were collected from each patient. In CB and EB groups, the samples were collected just before the treatments. In CA and EA groups, the samples were collected 1 month after treatments. Then, all specimens were subjected to 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to investigate the changes in microbial composition and diversity in mandibular molar supragingival plaques before and after fluoride or fluoride+Er:YAG laser treatment. RESULTS The dental plaque microbial diversity was higher in the EA group than in the EB group (baseline levels), and the microbial composition changed in EA group compared with EB group (P < 0.05). The levels of microorganisms associated with caries occurrence, including Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, declined, while the levels of Faecacterium, Fastidiosipila, Vibrio, and Shewanella increased in EA group compared with EB group. The declines in Firmicutes, Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, and Veillonella levels were significantly lower in the EA group than in the CA group. CONCLUSION The combined application of the Er:YAG laser and fluoride may be more effective than using fluoride alone in reducing the proportion of cariogenic bacteria, increasing the diversity of plaque microorganisms, and further promoting the microecological balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Wenyan
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182 Guangdong China
| | - Zheng Pujue
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182 Guangdong China
| | - Huang Yuhang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182 Guangdong China
| | - Liu Zhenni
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182 Guangdong China
| | - Wu Yuejun
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182 Guangdong China
| | - Wu Wenbin
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182 Guangdong China
| | - Li Ziling
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182 Guangdong China
| | - Janak L. Pathak
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182 Guangdong China
| | - Zeng Sujuan
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182 Guangdong China
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Abstract
The aim of this review paper is to concentrate on the use and application of photonics in dentistry. More than one hundred review and research articles were comprehensively analysed in terms of applications of photonics in dentistry, including surgical applications, as well as dental biomaterials, diagnosis and treatments. In biomedical engineering, various fields, such as biology, chemistry, material and physics, come together in to tackle a disease/disorder either as a diagnostic tool or an option for treatment. Engineers believe that biophotonics is the application of photonics in medicine, whereas photonics is simply a technology for creating and connecting packets of light energy, known as photons. This review paper provides a comprehensive discussion of its main elements, such as photoelasticity, interferometry techniques, optical coherence tomography, different types of lasers, carbon nanotubes, graphene and quantum dots.
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KASAKAWA A, SEKINE S, TANAKA K, MURAKAMI J, KONDO S, HAZAMA H, AWAZU K, AKIYAMA S. Effect of <i>Q</i>-switched Er:YAG laser irradiation on bonding performance to dentin surface. Dent Mater J 2022; 41:616-623. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aya KASAKAWA
- Division of Special Care Dentistry, Osaka University Dental Hospital
| | | | - Kenji TANAKA
- Division of Special Care Dentistry, Osaka University Dental Hospital
| | - Jumpei MURAKAMI
- Division of Special Care Dentistry, Osaka University Dental Hospital
| | - Sota KONDO
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | | | - Kunio AWAZU
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Shigehisa AKIYAMA
- Division of Special Care Dentistry, Osaka University Dental Hospital
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Zhang L, Wang X. Efficiency and Temperature Rise of File Ablation by Neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Perovskite Laser In Vitro. J Endod 2021; 47:982-988. [PMID: 33737003 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retrieving a separated file in the root canal system requires a skilled clinician. A metal file can be removed by ablation via the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-perovskite (Nd:YAP) laser; however, the efficiency and potential hazards of the ablation procedure are still unclear. The aim of this study was 2-fold: to investigate the efficiency of file ablation using the Nd:YAP laser and to evaluate the rise in temperature of the root surface in vitro. METHODS In part 1 of this study, #10 and #15 C-files (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany) and ProTaper Next X1 and X2 files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were selected. Under 8.5×, the Nd:YAP laser was used to ablate the files starting at the tip of the file. The length of the file was recorded after each 5-pulse ablation. In part 2 of this study, 3 files each of the #15 C-file and the ProTaper Next X2 were separated in 6 distal roots of mandibular second molars with single canals. Two-pulse and 5-pulse modes were used to ablate the separated files, and the rise in root surface temperature was recorded with an infrared camera. Another 3 unaltered distal roots served as the negative control. For scanning electron microscopic evaluation, the teeth were split with bone scissors and observed under a scanning electron microscope to evaluate the surface change of the file and the root canal wall. RESULTS The average length of the ablated files after each 5-pulse interval was 0.113-0.158 mm with no statistical difference between the different files.The temperature rise of the negative control group (mean ± standard deviation = 1.86° ± 0.11°C and 5.81° ± 0.35°C for the 2- and 5-pulse group) was significantly lower than the roots with separated files (mean ± standard deviation = 3.74° ± 0.20°C and 4.02° ± 0.11°C for 2-pulse C-file and ProTaper Next X2; 8.47° ± 0.19°C and 9.04° ± 0.20°C for 5-pulse C-file and ProTaper Next X2). The temperature rise of all groups was lower than 10°C. The 2-pulse group showed a lower temperature rise than the 5-pulse group. The diameter or the type of alloy had no effect on the temperature rise. CONCLUSIONS Separated files (stainless steel or nickel-titanium alloy) can be ablated by the Nd:YAP laser. When the number of pulses is less than 5, the temperature rise of the root surface is considered safe to the surrounding periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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The Integration of a Dual-Wavelength Super Pulsed Diode Laser for Consistent Tissue Ablation in the Esthetic Zone: A Case Series. Case Rep Dent 2020; 2020:8883156. [PMID: 33343944 PMCID: PMC7732405 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8883156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A diode laser is one of the universally compact accepted laser systems used fundamentally for soft tissue applications. Most diode laser devices have a single wavelength of either 810 nm for superior coagulation or 980 nm for tissue ablation. In these case series, the use of dual wavelengths (810 nm and 980 nm) in combination with super pulsing has provided a cleaner cut (no charring) with faster healing that eases the placement of the final restoration in the esthetic zone. Case Description. The present case series describe four cases in the esthetic zone that achieved hemostasis ablation without collateral damage to enhance gingival balance of definitive restoration. The gingivoplasty and gingivectomy modes are used to achieve efficient tissue ablation. Although there is no specific mode indicated in the FDA laser requirement for gingival depigmentation, the procedure could be safely performed with the dual-wavelength diode laser. Result All four patients revealed a good esthetic outcome and reported no pain postoperatively. Healing was uneventful, and definitive restoration was delivered within two to four weeks postoperatively. Conclusion Within the limitation of these case series, the dual-wavelength super pulsed diode laser has the capacity to deliver peak powers resulting in efficient cutting and less tissue charring and also as an alternative tool for removal of gingival pigmentation. Prospective clinical research with larger sample size is needed for conclusive results.
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Yao W, Uehara H, Kawase H, Chen H, Yasuhara R. Highly efficient Er:YAP laser with 6.9 W of output power at 2920 nm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:19000-19007. [PMID: 32672186 DOI: 10.1364/oe.395802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the efficient high-power operation of a laser-diode-pumped Er3+-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite (Er:YAP) laser in the 3 μm spectral region at room temperature. 6.9 W of continuous-wave (CW) output power was obtained at 2920 nm. The slope efficiency was as high as 30.6% with respect to the absorbed pump power, which is close to the quantum defect limit (33.4%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest CW output power generated from 3 μm Er3+-doped solid state lasers at room temperature. Furthermore, our analysis has shown that more than 10 W of output power based on Er:YAP is possible by further mitigating the thermal lens effect.
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Troedhan A, Mahmoud ZT, Wainwright M, Khamis MM. Cutting bone with drills, burs, lasers and piezotomes: A comprehensive systematic review and recommendations for the clinician. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17352/2455-4634.000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Wang L, Aghvami M, Brunski J, Helms J. Biophysical regulation of osteotomy healing: An animal study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2017; 19:590-599. [PMID: 28608504 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteotomies have been performed for centuries yet there remains a remarkable lack of consensus on optimal methods for cutting bone. There is universal agreement, however, that preserving cell viability is critical. PURPOSE To identify mechanobiological parameters influencing bone formation after osteotomy site preparation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A murine maxillary osteotomy model was used to evaluate healing. Computational modeling characterized stress and strain distributions in the osteotomy, as well as the magnitude and distribution of heat generated by drilling. The impact of osteocyte death and bone composition were assessed using molecular and cellular assays. RESULTS The phases of osteotomy healing in mice align closely with results in large animals; in addition, molecular analyses extended our understanding of osteoprogenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. Computational analyses provided insights into temperature changes caused by drilling and the mechanobiological state in the healing osteotomies, while concomitant cellular assays correlate drill speed with osteocyte apoptosis and bone resorption. Even when drilling was controlled, trabeculated, spongy (Type III) bone healed faster than densely lamellar (Type I) bone because of the abundance of Wnt responsive osteoprogenitor cells in the former. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a mechanobiological framework for evaluating tools and technologies designed to improve osteotomy site preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - Maziar Aghvami
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - John Brunski
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - Jill Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305
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Verma M, Kumari P, Gupta R, Gill S, Gupta A. Comparative evaluation of surface topography of tooth prepared using erbium, chromium: Yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet laser and bur and its clinical implications. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2016; 15:23-8. [PMID: 26929482 PMCID: PMC4762284 DOI: 10.4103/0972-4052.155042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Erbium, chromium: Yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet (Er, Cr: YSGG) laser has been successfully used in the ablation of dental hard and soft tissues. It has been reported that this system is also useful for preparing tooth surfaces and etching, but no consensus exist in the literature regarding the advantage of lasers over conventional tooth preparation technique. Materials and Methods: Labial surfaces of 25 extracted human maxillary central incisors were divided into two halves. Right half was prepared with diamond bur and left half with Er, Cr; YSGG laser and a reduction of 0.3–0.5 mm was carried out. Topography of prepared surfaces of five teeth were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The remaining samples were divided into 4 groups of 10 specimens each based on the surface treatment received: One group was acid etched and other was nonetched. Composite resin cylinders were bonded on prepared surfaces and shear bond strength was assessed using a universal testing machine. Results: The SEM observation revealed that the laser prepared surfaces were clean, highly irregular and devoid of a smear layer. Bur prepared surfaces were relatively smooth but covered with smear layer. Highest bond strength was shown by laser prepared acid etched group, followed by bur prepared the acid etched group. The bur prepared nonacid etched group showed least bond strength. Conclusions: Er, Cr: YSGG laser can be used for preparing tooth and bond strength value achieved by laser preparation alone without surface treatment procedure lies in the range of clinical acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Verma
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rekha Gupta
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shubhra Gill
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Esteves JC, de Souza Faloni AP, Macedo PD, Nakata PB, Chierici Marcantonio RA, Intini G, Marcantonio E. Effects on Bone Repair of Osteotomy With Drills or With Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium-Garnet Laser: Histomorphometric and Immunohistochemical Study. J Periodontol 2015; 87:452-60. [PMID: 26693695 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser has been widely used in the dental clinic; however, few studies have demonstrated the advantages of the use of this laser for bone osteotomies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the bone repair process of defects generated by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser or conventional drills. METHODS Ninety-six rats were divided into two groups of 48 animals (drill group and laser group). After surgical exposure of the right tibia, the animals were subjected to a 2-mm-diameter osteotomy created by conventional drills (drill group) or by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser (laser group). The animals were sacrificed 0, 3, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days after the creation of the defect, and histologic sections were obtained and used for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses for the detection of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor, and caspase-3. RESULTS The osteotomy with the drill produced well-delimited and smooth walls, whereas the osteotomies in the laser group were irregular and presented an amorphous basophilic line and bone necrosis that was slowly resorbed during the repair process. Despite these characteristics, bone repair was similar between groups at various time points, and, at 60 days, the defects in both groups were completely repaired by newly formed bone. CONCLUSION The repair process of osteotomies created by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser, despite producing thermal damage to bone tissue, is comparable to that with conventional drills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jônatas Caldeira Esteves
- Department of Dental Clinic, Dental School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Souza Faloni
- Department of Health Sciences, Implantology Postgraduation Course, University Center of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Delello Macedo
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Division of Periodontology, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Borges Nakata
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Division of Periodontology, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Adriana Chierici Marcantonio
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Division of Periodontology, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Intini
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Elcio Marcantonio
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Division of Periodontology, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Najeeb S, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Ajlal S. Applications of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (Lasers) for Restorative Dentistry. Med Princ Pract 2015; 25:201-11. [PMID: 26642047 PMCID: PMC5588377 DOI: 10.1159/000443144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (laser) has been used widely in a range of biomedical and dental applications in recent years. In the field of restorative dentistry, various kinds of lasers have been developed for diagnostic (e.g. caries detection) and operative applications (e.g. tooth ablation, cavity preparation, restorations, bleaching). The main benefits for laser applications are patient comfort, pain relief and better results for specific applications. Major concerns for using dental lasers frequently are high cost, need for specialized training and sensitivity of the technique, thereby compromising its usefulness particularly in developing countries. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate and summarize the applications of lasers in restorative dentistry, including a comparison of the applications of lasers for major restorative dental procedures and conventional clinical approaches. A remarkable increase in the use of lasers for dental application is expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariq Najeeb
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Applied Sciences, Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Taibah University College of Dentistry, Medina, Riyadh
| | - Syed Ajlal
- Department of Applied Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Effects of Er:YAG laser on mineral content of sound dentin in primary teeth. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:578342. [PMID: 25202731 PMCID: PMC4150513 DOI: 10.1155/2014/578342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mineral content of sound dentin in primary teeth prepared using an Er:YAG laser at two different power settings. Thirty-six primary second molars were used in this study. Three dentin slabs were obtained from each tooth, and the slabs were randomly divided into three groups: Group A, control; Group B, Er:YAG laser at 3.5 W, 175 mJ, and 20 Hz, short pulse mode; and Group C, Er:YAG laser at 4 W, 200 mJ, and 20 Hz, medium-short pulse mode. One dentin slab per group was used to evaluate the dentinal morphology and surface roughness values using SEM and profilometer, respectively. Mineral content in the dentin slabs were calculated by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD tests. No significant differences in Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P levels or Ca/P ratio were found among the groups (P > 0.05). SEM micrographs showed that surface irregularities increased with a higher power setting. The surface roughness after laser treatment in Group B and Group C was found to be similar, unlike Group A.
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17
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Chang KP, Tsai TW, Huang KY, Huang CH, Wang SY, Cheng CW, Chen JK, Tzou DY. Thermal response of a dental tissue induced by femtosecond laser pulses. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:6626-6635. [PMID: 24085159 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.006626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a theoretical and experimental study for thermal transport in a thin slice of human tooth induced by a 120 fs, 800 nm pulse laser at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The surface reflectivity of enamel and the convection heat transfer coefficient were determined using an inverse heat transfer analysis. Instead of a fully three-dimensional modeling, two simplified two-dimensional (2D) planar and axisymmetric heat conduction models were proposed to simulate the temperature fields. The temperature responses obtained from the 2D planar and axisymmetric model agree well with the experimental measurements. On the other hand, the one-dimensional (1D) result significantly differs from the 2D axisymmetric one, suggesting that care should be taken when a 1D thermal model is considered for estimating temperature response.
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18
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Victoria Torres Toro C, Dos Reis Derceli J, Jendiroba Faraoni-Romano J, Marchi P, Djalma Pécora J, Guenka Palma-Dibb R. The use of an Er:YAG laser to remove demineralized dentin and its influence on dentin permeability. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 76:225-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Victoria Torres Toro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-904; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Juliana Dos Reis Derceli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-904; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Juliana Jendiroba Faraoni-Romano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-904; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Patricia Marchi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-904; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Jesus Djalma Pécora
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-904; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
| | - Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-904; Ribeirão Preto; SP; Brazil
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19
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Luengo MCL, Portillo M, Sánchez JM, Peix M, Moreno P, García A, Montero J, Albaladejo A. Evaluation of micromorphological changes in tooth enamel after mechanical and ultrafast laser preparation of surface cavities. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:267-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Raucci-Neto W, Pécora JD, Palma-Dibb RG. Thermal effects and morphological aspects of human dentin surface irradiated with different frequencies of Er:YAG laser. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:1370-5. [PMID: 22648790 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the effects on micromorphology and temperature rise in human dentin using different frequencies of Er:YAG laser. Sixty human dentin fragments were randomly assigned into two groups (n = 30): carious or sound dentin. Both groups were divided into three subgroups (n = 10), according to the Er:YAG laser frequency used: 4, 6, or 10 Hz (energy: 200 mJ; irradiation distance: 12 mm; and irradiation time: 20 s). A thermocouple adapted to the tooth fragment recorded the initial temperature value (°C); then, the temperature was measured after the end of the irradiation (20 s). Morphological analysis was performed using images obtained with scanning electron microscope. There was no difference between the temperatures obtained with 4 and 6 Hz; the highest temperatures were achieved with 10 Hz. No difference was observed between carious and sound dentin. Morphological analyses revealed that all frequencies promoted irregular surface in sound dentin, being observed more selectively ablation especially in intertubular dentin with tubule protrusion. The caries dentin presented flat surface for all frequencies used. Both substrates revealed absence of any signs of thermal damage. It may be concluded that the parameters used in this study are capable to remove caries lesion, having acceptable limits of temperature rise and no significant morphological alterations on dentin surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Raucci-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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21
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Raucci-Neto W, Chinelatti MA, Ito IY, Pécora JD, Palma-Dibb RG. Influence of Er:YAG laser frequency on dentin caries removal capacity. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 74:281-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Salmos J, Gerbi MEMM, Braz R, Andrade ESS, Vasconcelos BCE, Bessa-Nogueira RV. Methodological quality of systematic reviews analyzing the use of laser therapy in restorative dentistry. Lasers Med Sci 2009; 25:127-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-009-0733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Influence of etching with erbium, chromium:yttrium–scandium–gallium–garnet laser on microleakage of class V restoration. Lasers Med Sci 2008; 25:325-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-008-0623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Summary of: Temperature rise in cavities prepared by high and low torque handpieces and Er:YAG laser. Br Dent J 2008. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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