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Shashin DM, Demina GR, Linge IA, Vostroknutova GN, Kaprelyants AS, Savitsky AP, Shleeva MO. The Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation on the Protein Profile of Dormant Mycolicibacterium smegmatis Containing Endogenous Porphyrins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13968. [PMID: 37762271 PMCID: PMC10531400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During transition into a dormant state, Mycolicibacterium (Mycobacterium) smegmatis cells are able to accumulate free porphyrins that makes them sensitive to photodynamic inactivation (PDI). The formation of dormant cells in a liquid medium with an increased concentration of magnesium (up to 25 mM) and zinc (up to 62 µM) resulted in an increase in the total amount of endogenous porphyrins in dormant M. smegmatis cells and their photosensitivity, especially for bacteria phagocytosed by macrophages. To gain insight into possible targets for PDI in bacterial dormant mycobacterial cells, a proteomic profiling with SDS gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis were conducted. Illumination of dormant forms of M. smegmatis resulted in the disappearance of proteins in the separating SDS gel. Dormant cells obtained under an elevated concentration of metal ions were more sensitive to PDI. Differential analysis of proteins with their identification with MALDI-TOF revealed that 45.2% and 63.9% of individual proteins disappeared from the separating gel after illumination for 5 and 15 min, respectively. Light-sensitive proteins include enzymes belonging to the glycolytic pathway, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and energy production. Several proteins involved in protecting against oxygen stress and protein aggregation were found to be sensitive to light. This makes dormant cells highly vulnerable to harmful factors during a long stay in a non-replicative state. PDI caused inhibition of the respiratory chain activity and destroyed enzymes involved in the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, the processes which are necessary for dormant cell reactivation and their transition to multiplying bacteria. Because of such multiple targeting, PDI action via endogenous porphyrins could be considered as an effective approach for killing dormant bacteria and a perspective to inactivate dormant mycobacteria and combat the latent form of mycobacteriosis, first of all, with surface localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis M. Shashin
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre ‘Fundamentals of Biotechnology’ of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; (D.M.S.); (G.R.D.); (G.N.V.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Galina R. Demina
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre ‘Fundamentals of Biotechnology’ of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; (D.M.S.); (G.R.D.); (G.N.V.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Irina A. Linge
- Central Institute for Tuberculosis, Moscow 107564, Russia;
| | - Galina N. Vostroknutova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre ‘Fundamentals of Biotechnology’ of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; (D.M.S.); (G.R.D.); (G.N.V.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Arseny S. Kaprelyants
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre ‘Fundamentals of Biotechnology’ of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; (D.M.S.); (G.R.D.); (G.N.V.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Alexander P. Savitsky
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre ‘Fundamentals of Biotechnology’ of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; (D.M.S.); (G.R.D.); (G.N.V.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Margarita O. Shleeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre ‘Fundamentals of Biotechnology’ of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; (D.M.S.); (G.R.D.); (G.N.V.); (A.S.K.)
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2
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Maswikiti EP, Yu Y, Li H, Wang C, Ma H, Xu B, He P, Ma Y, Wang B, Ma B, Yang J, Ma Z, Zhu J, Chen H. Application of intraoperative photodynamic therapy in patients suspected of recurrence post radical surgery: A single center experience. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103047. [PMID: 35931356 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Difficult to resect tumors may be treated with a combination of radical surgery and photodynamic therapy to try to reduce recurrence. The aim of this single center study is to present results from a combined application of radical surgery with intraoperative PDT for patients with various cancers suspected of high risk for post-operative local recurrence. METHODS Radical surgery combined with intraoperative PDT was performed in each and every patient under study at different time points from June 2020 to July 2021, and the PDT irradiation time ranged from 10, 20, 25 and 30 min. Hematoporphyrin, as a photo synthesizer, was administered intravenously 48 h before surgery and during the operative period respectively, at a 3 mg/kg dose. In addition, the mean and median survival times for each of these patients were also evaluated. Patient's overall disease-Free Survival (DFS) and survival (OS) were immensely evaluated. RESULTS 12 patients (33.3% female and 66.7 % male) underwent radical surgery and PDT simultaneously. No photosensitivity events were reported in the included patients, except for one case with a moderate to severe erythema. Intraoperative PDT was tolerated in all included patients without serious liver and kidney damages. As from the time these patients underwent radical surgery and PDT, three mortalities were recorded and the remaining 9 patients had some remarkable outcomes with less or no recurrences. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative PDT is a potentially safe therapeutic strategy for various tumor patients who undergo operation. Intraoperative PDT combined with surgery may improve local tumor control but this needs to be tested in a larger patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Huixia Li
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Caijuan Wang
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bo Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Puyi He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yanling Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bofang Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bin Ma
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jinwei Yang
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Hao Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China.
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3
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Chen S, Tang L, Xu M, Chen T, Zhao S, Liu M, Liu S. Light-emitting-diode-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapies in the treatment of periodontitis. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2022; 38:311-321. [PMID: 34907599 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of light-emitting diode (LED)-based photodynamic therapies in the treatment of periodontitis is increasing because these modalities are effective, safe, and painless. They are not subject to acquired drug resistance or environmental issues and are associated with no complications when used appropriately. These light sources have also been used in combination with pharmacological measures to synergize their effects and optimize therapeutic outcomes. This review focuses on optical devices used in treating periodontitis and delineates the current applications of various methods, including their utility and efficacy. The application of LEDs in periodontology is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyao Tang
- Department of Light Source and Illuminating Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianran Chen
- Department of Light Source and Illuminating Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouliang Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muqing Liu
- Department of Light Source and Illuminating Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Bradley AE, Wancket LM, Rinke M, Gruebbel MM, Saladino BH, Schafer K, Katsuta O, Garcia B, Chanut F, Hughes K, Nelson K, Himmel L, McInnes E, Schucker A, Uchida K. International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rabbit. J Toxicol Pathol 2021; 34:183S-292S. [PMID: 34712007 PMCID: PMC8544166 DOI: 10.1293/tox.34.183s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for
Lesions Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp) is a joint initiative of the Societies of
Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North
America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and
non-proliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to
provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in most
tissues and organs from the laboratory rabbit used in nonclinical safety studies. Some of
the lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature
presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet
(http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from
government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes
spontaneous lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. Relevant
infectious and parasitic lesions are included as well. A widely accepted and utilized
international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions in laboratory animals will provide
a common language among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different
countries and increase and enrich international exchanges of information among
toxicologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alys E Bradley
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd, Tranent, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Begonya Garcia
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd, Tranent, Scotland, UK
| | - Franck Chanut
- Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brosselette, 91380 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | | | | | - Lauren Himmel
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Adrienne Schucker
- American Preclinical Services, LLC, 8945 Evergreen Blvd, Minneapolis, MN 55433
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Sun J, Xing F, Braun J, Traub F, Rommens PM, Xiang Z, Ritz U. Progress of Phototherapy Applications in the Treatment of Bone Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111354. [PMID: 34768789 PMCID: PMC8584114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer including primary bone cancer and metastatic bone cancer, remains a challenge claiming millions of lives and affecting the life quality of survivors. Conventional treatments of bone cancer include wide surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, some bone cancer cells may remain or recur in the local area after resection, some are highly resistant to chemotherapy, and some are insensitive to radiotherapy. Phototherapy (PT) including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), is a clinically approved, minimally invasive, and highly selective treatment, and has been widely reported for cancer therapy. Under the irradiation of light of a specific wavelength, the photosensitizer (PS) in PDT can cause the increase of intracellular ROS and the photothermal agent (PTA) in PTT can induce photothermal conversion, leading to the tumoricidal effects. In this review, the progress of PT applications in the treatment of bone cancer has been outlined and summarized, and some envisioned challenges and future perspectives have been mentioned. This review provides the current state of the art regarding PDT and PTT in bone cancer and inspiration for future studies on PT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Sun
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Joy Braun
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Frank Traub
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Pol Maria Rommens
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (U.R.)
| | - Ulrike Ritz
- Biomatics Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.S.); (J.B.); (F.T.); (P.M.R.)
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (U.R.)
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Abstract
Neoplasia has long been reported as a rare finding in rabbits, but over the past decades the number of reports on neoplastic disease in rabbits has risen considerably. Similar to other animals, neoplastic changes may occur in any organ system, but the rate in which the organ systems are affected differs considerably. In rabbits, tumors have predominantly been found in the urogenital, hemolymphatic, and integumentary systems. This article discusses current insights on the etiopathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of the commonest neoplastic diseases in rabbits and offer guidelines for the correct diagnosis and treatment of the rabbit oncologic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne van Zeeland
- Division of Zoological Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
As our knowledge of host-microbial interactions within the oral cavity increases, future treatments are likely to be more targeted. For example, efforts to target a single species or key virulence factors that they produce, while maintaining the natural balance of the resident oral microbiota that acts to modulate the host immune response would be an advantage. Targeted approaches may be directed at the black-pigmented anaerobes, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, associated with periodontitis. Such pigments provide an opportunity for targeted phototherapy with high-intensity monochromatic light. Functional inhibition approaches, including the use of enzyme inhibitors, are also being explored to control periodontitis. More general disruption of dental plaque through the use of enzymes and detergents, alone and in combination, shows much promise. The use of probiotics and prebiotics to improve gastrointestinal health has now led to an interest in using these approaches to control oral disease. More recently the potential of antimicrobial peptides and nanotechnology, through the application of nanoparticles with biocidal, anti-adhesive and delivery capabilities, has been explored. The aim of this review is to consider the current status as regards non-conventional treatment approaches for oral infections with particular emphasis on the plaque-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Allaker
- a Oral Microbiology; Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London ; London, UK
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8
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Bown SG. Photodynamic therapy for photochemists. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2013; 371:20120371. [PMID: 23776302 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an evolving technique for localized control of diseased tissue with light after prior administration of a photosensitizing agent and in the presence of oxygen. The biological effect is quite different from surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. With no temperature change during treatment, connective tissues like collagen are largely unaffected, so maintaining the mechanical integrity of hollow organs. PDT is of particular value for pre-cancer and early cancers of the skin (not melanomas) and mouth as the cosmetic and functional results are so good. Another key indication is for small areas of cancer that are unsuitable for or have persisted or recurred after conventional management. It can be applied in areas already exposed to the maximum safe dose of radiotherapy. Outside cancer, in ophthalmology, it is established for age-related macular degeneration, and has considerable potential in arterial disease for preventing restenosis after balloon angioplasty and in the treatment of infectious diseases, where the responsible organisms are accessible to both the photosensitizer and light. New developments on the horizon include techniques for increasing the selectivity for cancers, such as coupling photosensitizers to antibodies, and for stimulating immunological responses, but many further pre-clinical and clinical studies are needed to establish PDT's role in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Bown
- National Medical Laser Centre, University College London, London, UK.
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9
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Villano JS, Cooper TK. Mandibular fracture and necrotizing sialometaplasia in a rabbit. Comp Med 2013; 63:67-70. [PMID: 23561940 PMCID: PMC3567379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A 7-mo-old female New Zealand white rabbit presented with hemorrhage of the gingiva surrounding a loose lower right incisor. Antemortem conventional radiographs revealed only a small bone fragment adjacent to the left mandible's body. In light of a provisional diagnosis of mandibular fracture, the rabbit was euthanized. Postmortem radiographs of the disarticulated mandible demonstrated mandibular symphyseal fracture and comminuted fracture of the ramus and body of the left mandible. According to histopathology, the left submandibular salivary gland had necrotizing sialometaplasia, a nonneoplastic condition of the salivary glands that is caused by ischemic infarction. Although rabbits have been used as animal models of mandibular fracture and necrotizing sialometaplasia, no nonexperimental case of such conditions had been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Villano
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Raghavendra M, Koregol A, Bhola S. Photodynamic therapy: a targeted therapy in periodontics. Aust Dent J 2010; 54 Suppl 1:S102-9. [PMID: 19737261 DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2009.01148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The oral cavity is colonized by a large number and highly diversified communities of micro-organisms. Bacterial biofilm present on tooth or root surface is a major cause of gingivitis and periodontitis. Chemical antimicrobial agents are widely used in prophylactic and therapeutic regimens for dental plaque related diseases, which are among the most common human infections. As these agents are difficult to maintain at therapeutic concentrations in the oral cavity and can be rendered ineffective by resistance development in target organisms, there is a need for an alternative antimicrobial approach. A novel approach, photodynamic therapy (PDT), could be a solution to these problems. Lethal photosensitization of many bacteria, both Gram positive and Gram negative was found in many studies. The advantage of this new approach includes rapid bacterial elimination, minimal chance of resistance development and safety of adjacent host tissue and normal microflora. Thus, the available knowledge of photodynamic therapy should encourage a more clinically oriented application of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raghavendra
- PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.
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Allaker RP, Douglas CI. Novel anti-microbial therapies for dental plaque-related diseases. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 33:8-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Luan XL, Qin YL, Bi LJ, Hu CY, Zhang ZG, Lin J, Zhou CN. Histological evaluation of the safety of toluidine blue-mediated photosensitization to periodontal tissues in mice. Lasers Med Sci 2008; 24:162-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-007-0513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Meisel P, Kocher T. Photodynamic therapy for periodontal diseases: State of the art. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2005; 79:159-70. [PMID: 15878121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2004.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2003] [Revised: 05/19/2004] [Accepted: 11/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic killing of periodontopathogenic bacteria may be an alternative to the systemic application of antibacterial drugs used in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Even though the method is still in the experimental stage, increasing bacterial resistance problems may promote the introduction of photodynamic therapy (PDT) into periodontal practice. AIM In this review a literature survey is given of PDT as seen from a periodontal perspective. METHODS In this review, the present knowledge and experience of PDT is summarized. Literature data are presented on drawbacks of conventional antibiotics, the mechanism of PDT, bactericidal effects of PDT as well as results of clinical efforts. The future prospects of the method are discussed. RESULTS The application of photosensitizing dyes and their excitation by visible light enables effective killing of periodontopathogens. Encouraging studies using PDT in periodontitis and in peri-implantitis are known. CONCLUSION Even though PDT is still in experimental stages of development and testing, the method may be an adjunct to conventional antibacterial measures in periodontology. Clinical follow-up studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Meisel
- Department of Pharmacology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, F-Loeffler-Str. 23d, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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Burch S, Bogaards A, Siewerdsen J, Moseley D, Yee A, Finkelstein J, Weersink R, Wilson BC, Bisland SK. Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of metastatic lesions in bone: studies in rat and porcine models. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2005; 10:034011. [PMID: 16229655 DOI: 10.1117/1.1921887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study represents the first reported use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for metastatic bone lesions and specifically, as a treatment for spinal metastases. A model of bone metastasis in rat confirmed the efficacy of benzoporphyrin derivative-monoacid-mediated PDT for treating lesions within the spine and appendicular bone. Fluorimetry confirmed the selective accumulation of drug into the tumor(s) at 3 h post-injection. 48 h post-light delivery into the vertebral body of the rat spine loss of bioluminescent signal and histological analyses of sectioned spine confirmed MT-1 tumor cell kill in vivo as previously confirmed in vitro using an established cell viability assay. Porcine vertebrae provided a model comparable to that of human for light propagation and PDT response. Histological examination of vertebrae 48 h post-PDT revealed a necrotic radius of 0.6 cm with an average fluence rate of 4.3 mW/cm2. Non-necrotic tissue damage was evident up to 2 cm out from the treatment fiber. Results support the application of PDT to the treatment of primary or metastatic lesions within bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Burch
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
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Kömerik N, Nakanishi H, MacRobert AJ, Henderson B, Speight P, Wilson M. In vivo killing of Porphyromonas gingivalis by toluidine blue-mediated photosensitization in an animal model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:932-40. [PMID: 12604524 PMCID: PMC149320 DOI: 10.1128/aac.47.3.932-940.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major causative organisms of periodontitis and has been shown to be susceptible to toluidine blue-mediated photosensitization in vitro. The aims of the present study were to determine whether this technique could be used to kill the organism in the oral cavities of rats and whether this would result in a reduction in the alveolar bone loss characteristic of periodontitis. The maxillary molars of rats were inoculated with P. gingivalis and exposed to up to 48 J of 630-nm laser light in the presence of toluidine blue. The number of surviving bacteria was then determined, and the periodontal structures were examined for evidence of any damage. When toluidine blue was used together with laser light there was a significant reduction in the number of viable P. gingivalis organisms. No viable bacteria could be detected when 1 mg of toluidine blue per ml was used in conjunction with all light doses used. On histological examination, no adverse effect of photosensitization on the adjacent tissues was observed. In a further group of animals, after time was allowed for the disease to develop in controls, the rats were killed and the level of maxillary molar alveolar bone was assessed. The bone loss in the animals treated with light and toluidine blue was found to be significantly less than that in the control groups. The results of this study show that toluidine blue-mediated lethal photosensitization of P. gingivalis is possible in vivo and that this results in decreased bone loss. These findings suggest that photodynamic therapy may be useful as an alternative approach for the antimicrobial treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kömerik
- Department of Microbiology, Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom
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McCaw DL, Payne JT, Pope ER, West MK, Tompson RV, Tate D. Treatment of canine hemangiopericytomas with photodynamic therapy. Lasers Surg Med 2001; 29:23-6. [PMID: 11500858 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Canine hemangiopericytomas are a commonly occurring neoplasm with a clinical course of recurrence after surgical removal. This study sought to evaluate Photochlor (HPPH) photodynamic therapy (HPPH-PDT) as an adjuvant therapy to prevent recurrence of tumor after surgical removal. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen dogs with naturally occurring hemangiopericytomas were treated with surgical removal of the tumor followed by PDT using Photochlor as the photosensitizer. Photochlor was injected intravenously at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg. Forty-eight hours later the treatment consisted of surgical removal of the tumor followed by HPPH-PDT. RESULTS Nine dogs (56%) had recurrence of tumor from 2 to 29 (median 9) months after treatment. These results are comparable or not as good as other forms of therapy. CONCLUSIONS Photochlor photodynamic therapy applied after surgery appears to have no advantage over other forms of therapy in regards to preventing recurrence. Delayed wound healing and infections are problematic and make HPPH-PDT an undesirable addition to surgery for the treatment of this tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L McCaw
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
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McCaw DL, Pope ER, Payne JT, West MK, Tompson RV, Tate D. Treatment of canine oral squamous cell carcinomas with photodynamic therapy. Br J Cancer 2000; 82:1297-9. [PMID: 10755404 PMCID: PMC2374488 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.1999.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eleven dogs with naturally occurring oral squamous cell carcinomas were treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) using Photochlor (HPPH) as the photosensitizer. The largest length of the tumours measured in a two-dimensional plane ranged from 0.9 to 6.8 cm. Seven of the tumours invaded underlying bone as determined by radiograph appearance. Photochlor was injected intravenously at a dose of 0.3 mg kg(-1). Forty-eight hours later the tumours were treated. Tumours with a surface to base depth of greater than 1 cm were surgically reduced to less than 1 cm. Irradiation with 665 nm light with an energy density of 100 J cm(-2) was administered. Eight dogs were considered cured with no tumour recurrence for at least 17 months after treatment. Local treatment of oral squamous cell carcinomas with PDT appears to give results similar to those obtained with surgical removal of large portions of the mandible or maxilla. The cosmetic results with PDT are superior to those of radical surgical removal. The new sensitizer, Photochlor, appears effective for oral squamous carcinomas with results similar to those reported for other sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L McCaw
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA
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Grant WE, Speight PM, Hopper C, Bown SG. Photodynamic therapy: an effective, but non-selective treatment for superficial cancers of the oral cavity. Int J Cancer 1997; 71:937-42. [PMID: 9185692 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19970611)71:6<937::aid-ijc4>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It has often been claimed that photodynamic therapy (PDT) produces selective destruction of small cancers without affecting the adjacent normal tissue. The objective of our work was to treat small cancers of the oral cavity with PDT and subsequently excise the treated areas for histological studies of tumour and adjacent normal tissue exposed to the same light dose. Eleven patients with histologically proven T1NO oral squamous-cell carcinomas were treated with PDT, using Photofrin as a sensitiser. The tumours plus a surrounding cuff of normal tissue were exposed to 50 J/cm2 non-thermal laser light at 630 nm delivered by surface illumination and the treated areas subsequently excised. Histological staining and image analysis were used to determine the nature and extent of injury. No macroscopic distinction was evident between tumour and normal tissue exposed to light. Histologically, replacement of superficial epithelium, tumour and connective tissue with a fibrinous necrotic slough was seen. There was also loss of endothelium from small vessels, with haemorrhage and thrombosis. Preservation of subepithelial collagen and elastin was demonstrated with EVG staining. No evidence of selective tumour necrosis was found. Although depth of injury was variable, full thickness mucosal necrosis occurred in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Grant
- National Medical Laser Centre, University College, London Medical School, UK
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Nauta JM, van Leengoed HL, Witjes MJ, Nikkels PG, Star WM, Vermey A, Roodenburg JL. Photofrin-mediated photodynamic therapy of chemically-induced premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma of the palatal mucosa in rats. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997; 26:223-31. [PMID: 9180236 DOI: 10.1016/s0901-5027(97)80825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), an experimental cancer therapy, was studied in an animal model of chemically-induced epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. PDT was performed 24 hours after i.v. injection of 2.5 mg/kg bw Photofrin, and using 100 J/cm2 incident light at two activation wavelengths (514.5 nm or 625 nm). Two days after PDT, the majority of rats macroscopically showed a marked erythema of the entire palatal region. Microscopically all the rats showed oedema, haemorrhage, and necrosis of the epithelium of the intermolar area. The long-term results were not so favourable. No evidence of disease was found in 6 out of 20 rats in the 514.5 nm group and in 2 out of 20 rats in the 625 nm treated group. Epithelial dysplasia was found in 14 out of 20 rats in the 514.5 nm group, and in 18 out of 20 rats of the 625 nm treated group. Squamous cell carcinomas were found in 4 out of 20 rats treated with 514.5 nm and in 7 out of 20 rats in the 625 nm treated groups. Comparing both treatment wavelengths, better results were obtained in the 514.5 nm groups as this wavelength gave less normal tissue damage. Based on the results of this study the application of PDT for the treatment of field cancerization and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Nauta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Nauta JM, Van Leengoed HLLM, Witjes MJH, Roodenburg JLN, Nikkels PGJ, Thomsen SL, Marijnissen JPA, Star WM. Photofrin-mediated photodynamic therapy of rat palatal mucosa: Normal tissue effects and light dosimetry. Lasers Med Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02156758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kleemann D, MacRobert AJ, Mentzel T, Speight PM, Bown SG. Photodynamic therapy on the normal rabbit larynx with phthalocyanine and 5-aminolaevulinic acid induced protoporphyrin IX photosensitisation. Br J Cancer 1996; 74:49-58. [PMID: 8679457 PMCID: PMC2074606 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1996.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising technique for the treatment of small tumours in organs where it is essential to minimise damage to immediately adjacent normal tissue as PDT damage to many tissues heals by regeneration rather than scarring. As preservation of function is one of the main aims of treating laryngeal tumours, this project studied the effects of PDT on the normal rabbit larynx with two photosensitisers, endogenous protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) induced by the administration of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) and disulphonated aluminium phthalocyanine (AIS2Pc). The main aims of the study were to examine the distribution of protoporphyrin IX and AIS2Pc by fluorescence microscopy in the different regions of the larnyx and to assess the nature and subsequent healing of PDT damage. Peak levels of PPIX were found 0.5-4 h after administration of ALA (depending on dose) with highest levels in the epithelium of the mucosa. With 100 mg kg-1, PDT necrosis was limited to the mucosa, whereas with 200 mg kg-1 necrosis extended to the muscle. With 1 mg kg-1 AIS2Pc, 1 h after administration, the drug was mainly in the submucosa and muscle, whereas after 24 h, it was predominantly in the mucosa. PDT at 1 h caused deep necrosis whereas at 24 h it was limited to the mucosa. All mucosal necrosis healed by regeneration whereas deeper effects left some fibrosis. No damage to cartilage was seen in any of the animals studied. The results of this study have shown that both photosensitisers are suitable for treating mucosal lesions of the larynx, but that for both it is important to optimise the drug dose and time interval between drug and light to avoid unacceptable changes in normal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kleemann
- National Medical Laser Centre, University College London Medical School
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Grant WE, Buonaccorsi G, Speight PM, MacRobert AJ, Hopper C, Bown SG. The effect of photodynamic therapy on the mechanical integrity of normal rabbit carotid arteries. Laryngoscope 1995; 105:867-71. [PMID: 7630302 DOI: 10.1288/00005537-199508000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for tumor ablation is effective in the treatment of superficial cancers. Adjunctive intraoperative PDT has been proposed for the "sterilization" of tumor beds after the resection of malignancies. Arteries in photosensitized animal models exposed to appropriate light receive characteristic injury. This study was conducted to determine whether photodynamic injury to the rabbit carotid artery results in thrombotic occlusion or weakening of the vessel wall. PDT of the carotid arteries of New Zealand white rabbits, using either disulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine or 5-aminolevulinic-acid-induced protoporphyrin IX as the photosensitizer, was performed with a light dose of 100 J/cm2. Histologic examination of the carotids treated with either agent demonstrated typical full-thickness loss of cellularity 3 days after PDT. All vessels remained patent, and no inflammatory infiltrate was evident. Elastin van Gieson staining showed preservation of inner and medial elastic laminae and medial and adventitial collagen. Additional rabbits were similarly treated with PDT to 1-cm segments of both common carotid arteries. The animals were sacrificed at 3, 7, and 21 days. The carotids were exposed, and both control and treated segments were subjected to intraluminal hydrostatic distention until the vessels burst. No reduction in the pressure required to burst the vessels was evident in the treated vessels as compared with the control vessels. The authors of the study concluded that despite full-thickness cell death, PDT-treated arteries are not at risk for thrombotic occlusion or hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Grant
- Department of Surgery, University College London Medical School, England
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Biel MA, Janssen W, Trump MF. Photodynamic therapy to the oral cavity, tongue and larynx: a canine normal tissue tolerance study. Lasers Med Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02133158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Photodynamic effects of di-sulphonated aluminium phthalocyanine on human epidermal keratinocytes in vitro. Lasers Med Sci 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02590222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Grant WE, Hopper C, Speight PM, Macrobert AJ, Bown SG. Photodynamic therapy of malignant and premalignant lesions in patients with 'field cancerization' of the oral cavity. J Laryngol Otol 1993; 107:1140-5. [PMID: 8289004 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215100125496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The management of patients with 'field cancerization' of the oral mucosa, with multicentric foci of invasion, presents a considerable problem for the head and neck surgeon. Surgical resection of synchronous or metachronous primary squamous cell carcinomas, along with adjacent premalignant lesions, is likely to be associated with considerable mutilation. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to be of value in the treatment of superficial tumours in the upper aerodigestive tract, with excellent healing of treated areas. This study reports the use of PDT to treat 11 patients with 'field cancerization' occurring in the oral cavity. Six patients had multiple primary cancers and five had single primary tumours. All had associated areas of leukoplakia. Each received Photofrin 2 mg/kg 48 hours prior to photoirradiation with 50-100 J/cm2 red laser light by surface illumination. Six to eight weeks later treated areas in 10 of the 11 patients showed a complete response to PDT; one patient had areas of residual leukoplakia. Two patients developed further areas of leukoplakia or erythroplakia within 12 months but no patient has had evidence of recurrent invasive carcinoma in the treated areas. Longer term follow-up will be necessary to exclude further recurrence. It is concluded that PDT offers an effective repeatable treatment option, whether on its own or as an adjunct to local excision, for patients with 'field cancerization' of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Grant
- National Medical Laser Centre, University College London Medical School
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Wilson M. Photolysis of oral bacteria and its potential use in the treatment of caries and periodontal disease. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1993; 75:299-306. [PMID: 8226389 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb02780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Dental Surgery, London, UK
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Grant WE, Hopper C, MacRobert AJ, Speight PM, Bown SG. Photodynamic therapy of oral cancer: photosensitisation with systemic aminolaevulinic acid. Lancet 1993; 342:147-8. [PMID: 7687318 DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91347-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy with intravenous photosensitising drugs has been shown to be effective in the ablation of superficial cancers, but long-lasting photosensitivity is a serious disadvantage. Similar photosensitivity is a feature of certain types of porphyria. We present the first report of tumour necrosis brought about by photodynamic activation of a temporary endogenous porphyrin accumulation, after an oral dose of the haem precursor, 5-aminolaevulinic acid. In 4 patients, quantitative fluorescence microscopy showed that accumulation of the photoactive intermediate protoporphyrin IX peaked after 4-6 h in 4 oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas, returning to background in 24 h. Irradiation with non-thermal red laser light caused tumour necrosis in 3 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Grant
- National Medical Laser Centre, University College London Medical School, UK
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