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De La Cruz-Sigüenza DA, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Velasco-Velázquez MA, Trejo-Becerril C, Pérez-Cárdenas E, Chávez-Blanco A, Taja-Chayeb L, Domínguez-Gómez G, Ramos-Godinez MP, González-Fierro A, Dueñas-González A. The non-vesicle cell-free DNA (cfDNA) induces cell transformation associated with horizontal DNA transfer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:174. [PMID: 38252353 PMCID: PMC10803523 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09016-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a source for liquid biopsy used for cancer diagnosis, therapy selection, and disease monitoring due to its non-invasive nature and ease of extraction. However, cfDNA also participates in cancer development and progression by horizontal transfer. In humans, cfDNA circulates complexed with extracellular vesicles (EV) and macromolecular complexes such as nucleosomes, lipids, and serum proteins. The present study aimed to demonstrate whether cfDNA not associated with EV induces cell transformation and tumorigenesis. METHODS Supernatant of the SW480 human colon cancer cell line was processed by ultracentrifugation to obtain a soluble fraction (SF) and a fraction associated with EV (EVF). Primary murine embryonic fibroblast cells (NIH3T3) underwent passive transfection with these fractions, and cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell transformation, and tumorigenic assays were performed. Next, cfDNA was analyzed by electronic microscopy, and horizontal transfer was assessed by human mutant KRAS in recipient cells via PCR and recipient cell internalization via fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS The results showed that the SF but not the EVF of cfDNA induced proliferative and antiapoptotic effects, cell transformation, and tumorigenesis in nude mice, which were reduced by digestion with DNAse I and proteinase K. These effects were associated with horizontal DNA transfer and cfDNA internalization into recipient cells. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest pro-tumorigenic effects of cfDNA in the SF that can be offset by enzyme treatment. Further exploration of the horizontal tumor progression phenomenon mediated by cfDNA is needed to determine whether its manipulation may play a role in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A De La Cruz-Sigüenza
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J P Reyes-Grajeda
- Protein Structure Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Tlalpan, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M A Velasco-Velázquez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacan, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Trejo-Becerril
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Pérez-Cárdenas
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Chávez-Blanco
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L Taja-Chayeb
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Domínguez-Gómez
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M P Ramos-Godinez
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A González-Fierro
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Dueñas-González
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Av. Universidad 3004, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacan, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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2
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Mamtimin M, Pinarci A, Han C, Braun A, Anders HJ, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Extracellular DNA Traps: Origin, Function and Implications for Anti-Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:869706. [PMID: 35574410 PMCID: PMC9092261 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.869706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA may serve as marker in liquid biopsies to determine individual diagnosis and prognosis in cancer patients. Cell death or active release from various cell types, including immune cells can result in the release of DNA into the extracellular milieu. Neutrophils are important components of the innate immune system, controlling pathogens through phagocytosis and/or the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs also promote tumor progression and metastasis, by modulating angiogenesis, anti-tumor immunity, blood clotting and inflammation and providing a supportive niche for metastasizing cancer cells. Besides neutrophils, other immune cells such as eosinophils, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, mast cells, basophils and lymphocytes can also form extracellular traps (ETs) during cancer progression, indicating possible multiple origins of extracellular DNA in cancer. In this review, we summarize the pathomechanisms of ET formation generated by different cell types, and analyze these processes in the context of cancer. We also critically discuss potential ET-inhibiting agents, which may open new therapeutic strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medina Mamtimin
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Akif Pinarci
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Chao Han
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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3
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Ahmad A, Mandwie M, O'Sullivan KM, Smyth C, York J, Doyle H, Holdsworth S, Pickering MC, Lachmann PJ, Alexander IE, Logan G. Conversion of the liver into a biofactory for DNaseI using adeno-associated virus vector gene transfer reduces neutrophil extracellular traps in a model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:560-571. [PMID: 35293226 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are proving to be clinically transformative tools in the treatment of monogenic genetic disease. Rapid ongoing development of this technology promises to not only increase the number of monogenic disorders amenable to this approach, but also to bring diseases with complex multigenic and non-genetic aetiologies within therapeutic reach. Here we explore the broader paradigm of converting the liver into a biofactory for systemic output of therapeutic molecules using AAV-mediated delivery of DNaseI as an exemplar. DNaseI can clear neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are nuclear-protein structures possessing anti-microbial action that are also involved in the pathophysiology of clinically troubling immune-mediated diseases. However, a translational challenge is short half-life of the enzyme in vivo (<5 hours). The current study demonstrates that AAV-mediated liver-targeted gene transfer stably induces serum DNaseI activity to >190-fold above physiological levels. In lupus-prone mice (NZBWF1) activity was maintained for longer than 6 months, the latest time point tested, and resulted in a clear functional effect with reduced renal presence of neutrophils, NETs, IgG and complement C3. However, treatment in this complex disease model did not extend life-span, improve serological endpoints or preserve renal function indicating there are elements of pathophysiology not accessible to DNaseI in the NZBWF1 model. We conclude that a translational solution to the challenge of short half-life of DNaseI is AAV-mediated gene delivery and that this may be efficacious in treating disease where NETs are a dominant pathological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Ahmad
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 58454, Gene Therapy Research Unit, Westmead, Australia;
| | - Mawj Mandwie
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 58454, Gene Therapy Research Unit, Westmead, Australia;
| | | | - Christine Smyth
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 58454, Gene Therapy Research Unit, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia, 2145;
| | - Jarrod York
- The University of Sydney, 4334, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Helen Doyle
- The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Randwick and Westmead, 371501, Pathology, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Stephen Holdsworth
- Monash University, 2541, Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Matthew C Pickering
- Imperial College London, 4615, Centre of Inflammatory Disease, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Peter J Lachmann
- University of Cambridge, 2152, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Ian Edward Alexander
- Sydney Children's Hospitals Network and Children's Medical Research Institute, Corner Hawkesbury Rd & Hainsworth St, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia, 2145 Sydney;
| | - Grant Logan
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 58454, Gene Therapy Research Unit, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Australia, 2145;
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Alekseeva L, Mironova N. Role of Cell-Free DNA and Deoxyribonucleases in Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12246. [PMID: 34830126 PMCID: PMC8625144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported an increase in the level of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the blood of patients with cancer. cfDNA mainly comes from tumor cells and, therefore, carries features of its genomic profile. Moreover, tumor-derived cfDNA can act like oncoviruses, entering the cells of vulnerable organs, transforming them and forming metastatic nodes. Another source of cfDNA is immune cells, including neutrophils that generate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Despite the potential eliminative effect of NETs on tumors, in some cases, their excessive generation provokes tumor growth as well as invasion. Considering both possible pathological contributions of cfDNA, as an agent of oncotransformation and the main component of NETs, the study of deoxyribonucleases (DNases) as anticancer and antimetastatic agents is important and promising. This review considers the pathological role of cfDNA in cancer development and the role of DNases as agents to prevent and/or prohibit tumor progression and the development of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadezhda Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
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5
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Human Recombinant DNase I (Pulmozyme ®) Inhibits Lung Metastases in Murine Metastatic B16 Melanoma Model That Correlates with Restoration of the DNase Activity and the Decrease SINE/LINE and c-Myc Fragments in Blood Cell-Free DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112074. [PMID: 34769514 PMCID: PMC8585023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated cell-free DNAs (cfDNA) play an important role in the promotion of metastases. Previous studies proved the high antimetastatic potential of bovine pancreatic DNase I and identified short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) and long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs)and fragments of oncogenes in cfDNA as the main molecular targets of enzyme in the bloodstream. Here, recombinant human DNase I (commercial name Pulmozyme®), which is used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis in humans, was repurposed for the inhibition of lung metastases in the B16 melanoma model in mice. We found that Pulmozyme® strongly reduced migration and induced apoptosis of B16 cells in vitro and effectively inhibited metastases in lungs and liver in vivo. Pulmozyme® was shown to be two times more effective when administered intranasally (i.n.) than bovine DNase I, but intramuscular (i.m.) administration forced it to exhibit as high an antimetastatic activity as bovine DNase I. Both DNases administered to mice either i.m. or i.n. enhanced the DNase activity of blood serum to the level of healthy animals, significantly decreased cfDNA concentrations, efficiently degraded SINE and LINE repeats and c-Myc fragments in the bloodstream and induced apoptosis and disintegration of neutrophil extracellular traps in metastatic foci; as a result, this manifested as the inhibition of metastases spread. Thus, Pulmozyme®, which is already an approved drug, can be recommended for use in the treatment of lung metastases.
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6
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Friedemann M, Horn F, Gutewort K, Tautz L, Jandeck C, Bechmann N, Sukocheva O, Wirth MP, Fuessel S, Menschikowski M. Increased Sensitivity of Detection of RASSF1A and GSTP1 DNA Fragments in Serum of Prostate Cancer Patients: Optimisation of Diagnostics Using OBBPA-ddPCR. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174459. [PMID: 34503269 PMCID: PMC8431466 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of aberrant DNA methylation is a promising tool in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we evaluated a two-step method named optimised bias-based preamplification followed by digital PCR (OBBPA-dPCR). The method was used to identify promoter hypermethylation of 2 tumour suppressor genes RASSF1A and GSTP1 in the circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from serum samples of PCa patients (n = 75), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, n = 58), and healthy individuals (controls, n = 155). The PCa cohort was further subdivided into subgroups comprising (I) patients with Gleason Scores (GS) ≤ 7 (n = 55), (II) GS ≥ 8 (n = 10), and (III) patients with metastatic PCa diagnosis (n = 10). We found that RASSF1A methylation levels were significantly increased in all 3 PCa subgroups compared to the controls and BPH cohorts (p < 0.01 for all comparisons). Fractional abundances of methylated GSTP1 DNA fragments were significantly increased in subgroup III of metastatic PCa patients (p < 0.001). RASSF1A methylation analysis was found to be beneficial as a complementary biomarker where further diagnostic validation is most crucial. In combination with free PSA, RASSF1A methylation status helps to identify PCa patients with GS ≥ 8 and grey-zone total PSA values between 2-10 ng/mL. In our study, PCR biases between 80-90% were sufficient to detect minute amounts of tumour DNA with high signal-to-noise ratios as well as high analytical sensitivity and specificity. Both RASSF1A and GSTP1 exhibited strongly increased DNA methylation levels in all metastatic PCa patients. Our data indicates a superior sensitivity of epigenetic biomarker analyses in early detection of PCa metastases that should also help to improve PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Friedemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.F.); (L.T.); (F.H.); (K.G.); (C.J.); (N.B.)
| | - Friederike Horn
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.F.); (L.T.); (F.H.); (K.G.); (C.J.); (N.B.)
| | - Katharina Gutewort
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.F.); (L.T.); (F.H.); (K.G.); (C.J.); (N.B.)
| | - Lars Tautz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.F.); (L.T.); (F.H.); (K.G.); (C.J.); (N.B.)
| | - Carsten Jandeck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.F.); (L.T.); (F.H.); (K.G.); (C.J.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.F.); (L.T.); (F.H.); (K.G.); (C.J.); (N.B.)
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Department of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Institute of Experimental Diabetology, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olga Sukocheva
- School of Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Manfred P. Wirth
- Department of Urology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.P.W.); (S.F.)
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.P.W.); (S.F.)
| | - Mario Menschikowski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.F.); (L.T.); (F.H.); (K.G.); (C.J.); (N.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-35-1458-2634; Fax: +49-35-1458-4332
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7
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Abstract
Neutrophils produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by expelling their extracellular chromatin embedded with citrullinated histone H3, myeloperoxidase, and other intracellular molecules. Since their discovery in 2004, numerous articles have demonstrated the mechanism of NET formation and their function in innate immunity and inflammation. NET components often play an antimicrobial role, but excessive NETs are deleterious and can cause inflammation and tissue damage. This review highlights recent advancements in the identification of novel pathways and mechanisms of NET formation. We also focus on the specific damaging impact of NETs in individual organs. We then discuss the progress and limitations of various NET detection assays. Collectively, these vital aspects of NETs significantly improve our understanding of the pathobiology of NETs and future diagnostics and therapeutic tools for examining and modulating NETs in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Tan
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
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8
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Xia Y, He J, Zhang H, Wang H, Tetz G, Maguire CA, Wang Y, Onuma A, Genkin D, Tetz V, Stepanov A, Terekhov S, Ukrainskaya V, Huang H, Tsung A. AAV-mediated gene transfer of DNase I in the liver of mice with colorectal cancer reduces liver metastasis and restores local innate and adaptive immune response. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2920-2935. [PMID: 32813937 PMCID: PMC7607180 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis is the main cause of colorectal cancer (CRC)‐related death. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play important roles in CRC progression. Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) has been shown to alter NET function by cleaving DNA strands comprising the NET backbone. Moreover, DNase I displays high antimetastatic activity in multiple tumor models. To circumvent long‐term daily administrations of recombinant DNase I, we have developed an adeno‐associated virus (AAV) gene therapy vector to specifically express DNase I in the liver. In this study, we demonstrate AAV‐mediated DNase I liver gene transfer following a single intravenous injection suppresses the development of liver metastases in a mouse model of CRC liver metastasis. Increased levels of neutrophils and NET formation in tumors are associated with poor prognosis in many patients with advanced cancers. Neutrophil infiltration and NET formation were inhibited in tumor tissues with AAV‐DNase I treatment. This approach restored local immune responses at the tumor site by increasing the percentage of CD8+ T cells while keeping CD4+ T cells similar between AAV‐DNase I and AAV‐null treatments. Our data suggest that AAV‐mediated DNase I liver gene transfer is a safe and effective modality to inhibit metastasis and represents a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Xia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi He
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongji Zhang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - George Tetz
- Human Microbiology Institute, New York, NY, USA.,CLS-Therapeutics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Casey A Maguire
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amblessed Onuma
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Victor Tetz
- Human Microbiology Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexey Stepanov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Terekhov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Ukrainskaya
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hai Huang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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9
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Deoxyribonucleases and Their Applications in Biomedicine. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071036. [PMID: 32664541 PMCID: PMC7407206 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA, also called cell-free DNA, released from dying cells or activated immune cells can be recognized by the immune system as a danger signal causing or enhancing inflammation. The cleavage of extracellular DNA is crucial for limiting the inflammatory response and maintaining homeostasis. Deoxyribonucleases (DNases) as enzymes that degrade DNA are hypothesized to play a key role in this process as a determinant of the variable concentration of extracellular DNA. DNases are divided into two families-DNase I and DNase II, according to their biochemical and biological properties as well as the tissue-specific production. Studies have shown that low DNase activity is both, a biomarker and a pathogenic factor in systemic lupus erythematosus. Interventional experiments proved that administration of exogenous DNase has beneficial effects in inflammatory diseases. Recombinant human DNase reduces mucus viscosity in lungs and is used for the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis. This review summarizes the currently available published data about DNases, their activity as a potential biomarker and methods used for their assessment. An overview of the experiments with systemic administration of DNase is also included. Whether low-plasma DNase activity is involved in the etiopathogenesis of diseases remains unknown and needs to be elucidated.
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10
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Shi L, Yao H, Liu Z, Xu M, Tsung A, Wang Y. Endogenous PAD4 in Breast Cancer Cells Mediates Cancer Extracellular Chromatin Network Formation and Promotes Lung Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:735-747. [PMID: 32193354 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4/PADI4) is a posttranslational modification enzyme that converts protein arginine or mono-methylarginine to citrulline. The PAD4-mediated hypercitrullination reaction in neutrophils causes the release of nuclear chromatin to form a chromatin network termed neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). NETs were first described as antimicrobial fibers that bind and kill bacteria. However, it is not known whether PAD4 can mediate the release of chromatin DNA into the extracellular space of cancer cells. Here, we report that murine breast cancer 4T1 cells expressing high levels of PADI4 can release cancer extracellular chromatin networks (CECN) in vitro and in vivo. Deletion of Padi4 using CRISPR/Cas9 abolished CECN formation in 4T1 cells. Padi4 deletion from 4T1 cells also reduced the rate of tumor growth in an allograft model, and decreased lung metastasis by 4T1 breast cancers. DNase I treatment, which degrades extracellular DNA including CECNs, also reduced breast to lung metastasis of Padi4 wild-type 4T1 cells in allograft experiments in the Padi4-knockout mice. We further demonstrated that DNase I treatment in this mouse model did not alter circulating tumor cells but decreased metastasis through steps after intravasation. Taken together, our genetic studies show that PAD4 plays a cell autonomous role in cancer metastasis, thus revealing a novel strategy for preventing cancer metastasis by inhibiting cancer cell endogenous PAD4. IMPLICATIONS: This study shows that PADI4 can mediate the formation of CECNs in 4T1 cells, and that endogenous PADI4 plays an essential role in breast cancer lung metastasis. VISUAL OVERVIEW: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/18/5/735/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Shi
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania.,The Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences Program, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Huanling Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Ming Xu
- The Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences Program, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania.,Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Allan Tsung
- Division of Surgical Oncology, James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yanming Wang
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania. .,The Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences Program, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania.,School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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11
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Alekseeva LA, Sen'kova AV, Zenkova MA, Mironova NL. Targeting Circulating SINEs and LINEs with DNase I Provides Metastases Inhibition in Experimental Tumor Models. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:50-61. [PMID: 32146418 PMCID: PMC7058713 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated cell-free DNAs (cfDNAs) are found to play some important roles at different stages of tumor progression; they are involved in the transformation of normal cells and contribute to tumor migration and invasion. DNase I is considered a promising cancer cure, due to its ability to degrade cfDNAs. Previous studies using murine tumor models have proved the high anti-metastatic potential of DNase I. Later circulating cfDNAs, especially tandem repeats associated with short-interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) and long-interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), have been found to be the enzyme's main molecular targets. Here, using Lewis lung carcinoma, melanoma B16, and lymphosarcoma RLS40 murine tumor models, we reveal that tumor progression is accompanied by an increase in the level of SINE and LINEs in the pool of circulating cfDNAs. Treatment with DNase I decreased in the number and area of metastases by factor 3-10, and the size of the primary tumor node by factor 1.5-2, which correlated with 5- to 10-fold decreasing SINEs and LINEs. We demonstrated that SINEs and LINEs from cfDNA of tumor-bearing mice are able to penetrate human cells. The results show that SINEs and LINEs could be important players in metastasis, and this allows them to be considered as attractive new targets for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila A Alekseeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Avenue, 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Aleksandra V Sen'kova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Avenue, 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Marina A Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Avenue, 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Avenue, 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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12
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Takesue S, Ohuchida K, Shinkawa T, Otsubo Y, Matsumoto S, Sagara A, Yonenaga A, Ando Y, Kibe S, Nakayama H, Iwamoto C, Shindo K, Moriyama T, Nakata K, Miyasaka Y, Ohtsuka T, Toma H, Tominaga Y, Mizumoto K, Hashizume M, Nakamura M. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote liver micrometastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via the activation of cancer‑associated fibroblasts. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:596-605. [PMID: 31894273 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer‑associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) via tumor‑stromal interactions. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular DNA meshworks released from neutrophils together with proteolytic enzymes against foreign pathogens. Emerging studies suggest their contribution to liver metastasis in several types of cancer. Herein, in order to investigate the role of NETs in liver metastasis in PDAC, the effects of NET inhibitors on spontaneous PDAC mouse models were evaluated. It was demonstrated that DNase I, a NET inhibitor, suppressed liver metastasis. For further investigation, further attention was paid to liver micrometastasis and an experimental liver metastasis mouse model was used that was generated by intrasplenic tumor injection. Furthermore, DNase I also suppressed liver micrometastasis and notably, CAFs accumulated in metastatic foci were significantly decreased in number. In vitro experiments revealed that pancreatic cancer cells induced NET formation and consequently NETs enhanced the migration of hepatic stellate cells, which was the possible origin of CAFs in liver metastasis. On the whole, these results suggest that NETs promote liver micrometastasis in PDAC via the activation of CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Takesue
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Shinkawa
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Otsubo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Sokichi Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Sagara
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Yonenaga
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Yohei Ando
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Shin Kibe
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Nakayama
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Chika Iwamoto
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Koji Shindo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Taiki Moriyama
- Department of Endoscopic Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakata
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyasaka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Takao Ohtsuka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Toma
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Yohei Tominaga
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mizumoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Hashizume
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
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13
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Watanabe T, Takada S, Mizuta R. Cell-free DNA in blood circulation is generated by DNase1L3 and caspase-activated DNase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:790-795. [PMID: 31255286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) (e.g. fetal- or tumor-derived DNA) is DNA found in the blood circulation. It is now widely investigated as a biomarker for prenatal screening, tumor diagnosis, and tumor monitoring as "liquid biopsies". However, the biological and biochemical aspects of cfDNA remain unclear. Although cfDNA is considered to be mainly derived from dead cells, information is scarce as to whether it is apoptotic or necrotic and what kinds of endonucleases or DNases are involved. We induced in vivo hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis in mice deficient in DNase1L3 (also named DNase γ) and/or caspase-activated DNase (CAD) genes with acetaminophen overdose and anti-Fas antibody treatments. We found that (i) DNase1L3 was the endonuclease responsible for generating cfDNA in acetaminophen-induced hepatocyte necrosis and (ii) CAD and DNase1L3 cooperated in producing cfDNA for anti-Fas mediated hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Watanabe
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Shuhei Takada
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Ryushin Mizuta
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan.
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14
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Alexeeva LA, Patutina OA, Sen’kova AV, Zenkova MA, Mironova NL. Inhibition of invasive properties of murine melanoma by bovine pancreatic DNase I in vitro and in vivo. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893317040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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15
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Alekseeva LA, Mironova NL, Brenner EV, Kurilshikov AM, Patutina OA, Zenkova MA. Alteration of the exDNA profile in blood serum of LLC-bearing mice under the decrease of tumour invasion potential by bovine pancreatic DNase I treatment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171988. [PMID: 28222152 PMCID: PMC5319761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking into account recently obtained data indicating the participation of circulating extracellular DNA (exDNA) in tumorigenesis, enzymes with deoxyribonucleic activity have again been considered as potential antitumour and antimetastatic drugs. Previously, using murine Lewis lung carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma A1 tumour models, we have shown the antimetastatic activity of bovine DNase I, which correlates with an increase of DNase activity and a decrease of exDNA concentration in the blood serum of tumour-bearing mice. In this work, using next-generation sequencing on the ABS SOLiD™ 5.500 platform, we performed a search for molecular targets of DNase I by comparing the exDNA profiles of healthy animals, untreated animals with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and those with LLC treated with DNase I. We found that upon DNase I treatment of LLC-bearing mice, together with inhibition of metastasis, a number of strong alterations in the patterns of exDNA were observed. The major differences in exDNA profiles between groups were: i) the level of GC-poor sequences increased during tumour development was reduced to that of healthy mice; ii) levels of sequences corresponding to tumour-associated genes Hmga2, Myc and Jun were reduced in the DNase I-treated group in comparison with non-treated mice; iii) 224 types of tandem repeat over-presented in untreated LLC-bearing mice were significantly reduced after DNase I treatment. The most important result obtained in the work is that DNase I decreased the level of B-subfamily repeats having homology to human ALU repeats, known as markers of carcinogenesis, to the level of healthy animals. Thus, the obtained data lead us to suppose that circulating exDNA plays a role in tumour dissemination, and alteration of multiple molecular targets in the bloodstream by DNase I reduces the invasive potential of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila A. Alekseeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L. Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenyi V. Brenner
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Olga A. Patutina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina A. Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
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16
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Neutrophil extracellular traps: protagonists of cancer progression? Oncogene 2016; 36:2483-2490. [PMID: 27941879 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a defense mechanism first described to trap and kill bacteria and other pathogens. Increasingly, however, their involvement in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and malignant diseases is being recognized. Several recent studies have suggested important roles of NETs in tumor progression, metastasis and tumor-associated thrombosis. Although systematic studies to address the role of NETs in tumor development are still scarce, we will explore the emerging evidence for NETs as potential protagonists in malignant disease and highlight the mechanisms through which these effects may be exerted. Future questions arising from our current knowledge of direct and indirect interactions between NETs and cancer cells will be outlined and we will explore NETs as candidate pharmaceutical targets in cancer patients.
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17
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Trejo-Becerril C, Pérez-Cardenas E, Gutiérrez-Díaz B, De La Cruz-Sigüenza D, Taja-Chayeb L, González-Ballesteros M, García-López P, Chanona J, Dueñas-González A. Antitumor Effects of Systemic DNAse I and Proteases in an In Vivo Model. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 15:NP35-NP43. [PMID: 27146129 PMCID: PMC5739158 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416631102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Cell-free DNA circulates in cancer patients and induces in vivo cell transformation and cancer progression in susceptible cells. Based on this, we hypothesized that depletion of circulating DNA with DNAse I and a protease mix could have antitumor effects. Study design. The study aimed to demonstrate that DNAse I and a protease mix can degrade in vitro DNA and proteins from the serum of healthy individuals and cancer patients, and in vivo in serum of Wistar rats,. Moreover, the antitumor effect of the systemically administered enzyme mix treatmentwas evaluated in nude mice subcutaneously grafted with the human colon cancer cell line SW480. Results. The serum DNA of cancer patients or healthy individuals was almost completely degraded in vitro by the enzymatic treatment, but no degradation was found with the enzymes given separately. The intravenous administration of the enzymes led to significant decreases in DNA and proteins from rat serum. No antitumor effect was observed in immunodeficient mice treated with the enzymes given separately. In contrast, the animals that received both enzymes exhibited a marked growth inhibition of tumors, 40% of them having pathological complete response. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that systemic treatment with DNAse I and a protease mix in rats decreases DNA and proteins from serum and that this treatment has antitumor effects. Our results support the hypothesis that circulating DNA could have a role in tumor progression, which can be offset by depleting it. Further studies are needed to prove this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - José Chanona
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Dueñas-González
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, Mexico .,Instituto de InvestigacionesBiomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, Mexico
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18
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Tedcastle A, Illingworth S, Brown A, Seymour LW, Fisher KD. Actin-resistant DNAse I Expression From Oncolytic Adenovirus Enadenotucirev Enhances Its Intratumoral Spread and Reduces Tumor Growth. Mol Ther 2016; 24:796-804. [PMID: 26708004 PMCID: PMC4886935 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spread of oncolytic viruses through tumor tissue is essential to effective virotherapy. Interstitial matrix is thought to be a significant barrier to virus particle convection between "islands" of tumor cells. One way to address this is to encode matrix-degrading enzymes within oncolytic viruses, for secretion from infected cells. To test the hypothesis that extracellular DNA provides an important barrier, we assessed the ability of DNase to promote virus spread. Nonreplicating Ad5 vectors expressing actin-resistant DNase (aDNAse I), proteinase K (PK), hyaluronidase (rhPH20), and chondroitinase ABC (CABC) were injected into established DLD human colorectal adenocarcinoma xenografts, transcomplemented with a replicating Ad5 virus. Each enzyme improved oncolysis by the replicating adenovirus, with no evidence of tumor cells being shed into the bloodstream. aDNAse I and rhPH20 hyaluronidase were then cloned into conditionally-replicating group B adenovirus, Enadenotucirev (EnAd). EnAd encoding each enzyme showed significantly better antitumor efficacy than the parental virus, with the aDNAse I-expressing virus showing improved spread. Both DNase and hyaluronidase activity was still measurable 32 days postinfection. This is the first time that extracellular DNA has been implicated as a barrier for interstitial virus spread, and suggests that oncolytic viruses expressing aDNAse I may be promising candidates for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kerry D Fisher
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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19
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Hawes MC, Wen F, Elquza E. Extracellular DNA: A Bridge to Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4260-4. [PMID: 26392072 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DNase I is a secreted enzyme whose function has been presumed to control "waste management" in the human system, by degrading DNA that leaks from dead and dying cells. Emerging studies have instead yielded evidence that DNase I plays a central role in newly defined dynamics of immune and autoimmune diseases, as well as cancer and vascular disorders, including thrombosis. Cancer cells have been reported to be associated with distinctive extracellular structures that facilitate aggregation and implantation. The fact that DNA is a component of such structures and that it plays a role in cancer development is illustrated by direct evidence: DNase I added to tumor cells eliminates the structures and inhibits tumorigenicity of some cancer cell lines. DNase I injected into experimental animals, moreover, results in significant inhibition of metastasis. Despite independent observations of such phenomena in diverse cancers for over 50 years, the potential for using DNase I as a clinical tool to prevent or treat cancer remains unexplored. The discovery of neutrophil extracellular traps has yielded a conceptual framework for interpreting how extracellular DNA may function in cancer development and why it may prove to be an important clinical target in stopping cancer outside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha C Hawes
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, Bio5 Institute of Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
| | - Fushi Wen
- Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Roche Tissue Diagnosis, Oro Valley, Arizona
| | - Emad Elquza
- Arizona Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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20
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Cools-Lartigue J, Spicer J, Najmeh S, Ferri L. Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4179-94. [PMID: 25070012 PMCID: PMC7096049 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are being increasingly recognized as an important element in tumor progression. They have been shown to exert important effects at nearly every stage of tumor progression with a number of studies demonstrating that their presence is critical to tumor development. Novel aspects of neutrophil biology have recently been elucidated and its contribution to tumorigenesis is only beginning to be appreciated. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are neutrophil-derived structures composed of DNA decorated with antimicrobial peptides. They have been shown to trap and kill microorganisms, playing a critical role in host defense. However, their contribution to tumor development and metastasis has recently been demonstrated in a number of studies highlighting NETs as a potentially important therapeutic target. Here, studies implicating NETs as facilitators of tumor progression and metastasis are reviewed. In addition, potential mechanisms by which NETs may exert these effects are explored. Finally, the ability to target NETs therapeutically in human neoplastic disease is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cools-Lartigue
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,
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21
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Wen F, Shen A, Choi A, Gerner EW, Shi J. Extracellular DNA in pancreatic cancer promotes cell invasion and metastasis. Cancer Res 2013; 73:4256-66. [PMID: 23722544 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive metastasis is the chief cause of the high morbidity and mortality associated with pancreatic cancer, yet the basis for its aggressive behavior remains elusive. Extracellular DNA (exDNA) is a recently discovered component of inflammatory tissue states. Here, we report that exDNA is present on the surface of pancreatic cancer cells where it is critical for driving metastatic behavior. exDNA was abundant on the surface and vicinity of cultured pancreatic cancer cells but absent from normal pancreas cells. Strikingly, treatment of cancer cell cultures with DNase I to degrade DNA nonspecifically reduced metastatic characters associated with matrix attachment, migration, and invasion. We further assessed the role of exDNA in pancreatic cancer metastasis in vivo using an orthotopic xenograft model established by implantation of pancreatic cancer cells expressing firefly luciferase. Noninvasive bioluminescent imaging confirmed that DNase I treatment was sufficient to suppress tumor metastasis. Mechanistic investigations suggested the existence of a positive feedback loop in which exDNA promotes expression of the inflammatory chemokine CXCL8, which leads to higher production of exDNA by pancreatic cancer cells, with a significant reduction in CXCL8 levels achieved by DNase I treatment. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that exDNA contributes to the highly invasive and metastatic character of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushi Wen
- Department of Surgery, Arizona Cancer Center; BIO5 Institute and Arizona Cancer Center, BIO5 Oro Valley, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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22
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Chen Y, Jiang S, Jin Y, Yin Y, Yu G, Lan X, Cui M, Liang Y, Wong BHC, Guo L, Sun H. Purification and characterization of an antitumor protein with deoxyribonuclease activity from edible mushroom Agrocybe aegerita. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1729-38. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Chen
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Jin
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Yalin Yin
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Guojun Yu
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Xianqing Lan
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Mingyao Cui
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; Hubei Province; P. R. China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Guangdong Medical College; Dongguan; P. R. China
| | | | - Lin Guo
- College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan; Hubei Province; P. R. China
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23
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Patutina O, Mironova N, Ryabchikova E, Popova N, Nikolin V, Kaledin V, Vlassov V, Zenkova M. Inhibition of metastasis development by daily administration of ultralow doses of RNase A and DNase I. Biochimie 2010; 93:689-96. [PMID: 21194552 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent data on the involvement of miRNA and circulating tumor-derived DNA in regulation of tumorigenesis showed a great prospect for these molecules as a novel class of therapeutic targets and gave a new start for the study of enzymes cleaving nucleic acids as potential antitumor and antimetastatic agents. In the present paper using two murine tumor models with pulmonary or liver metastases we studied the antimetastatic potential of RNase A and DNase I and performed a search for possible molecular targets of the enzymes. Herein, we show for the first time that daily administration of ultralow doses of RNase A (0.5-50 μg/kg) and DNase I (0.02-2.3 mg/kg) inhibits the development of metastasis to 60-90% and RNase A exerts 30% retardation of tumor growth. Remarkably, the increase in RNase A dose from 50 μg/kg to 10mg/kg leads to a disappearance of antitumor and antimetastatic effects. Simultaneous treatment of tumor-bearing animals with RNase A and DNase I leads to an additive effect and results in almost total absence of metastases. The use of RNase A as an adjuvant in conjunction with conventional cytostatic cyclophosphamide results in a reliable enhancement of antitumor and antimetastatic effect of the therapy compared with the use of these agents individually. The search for possible molecular mechanism of antimetastatic effect of nucleases showed that daily administration of the enzymes reduced the pathologically increased level of extracellular nucleic acids and increased nuclease activity of the blood plasma of tumor-bearing mice back to the level of healthy animals. Thus, we unequivocally show that the proposed protocol of treatment of tumor-bearing animals with RNase A and DNase I has a general systemic and immunomodulatory effect, leads to a drastic suppression of metastasis development, and in perspective may become an effective component of intensive complex therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Patutina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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24
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Lecomte T, Ceze N, Dorval E, Laurent-Puig P. Circulating free tumor DNA and colorectal cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 34:662-81. [PMID: 20832215 DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2009.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by multiple somatic genetic and epigenetic alterations that could be useful as molecular markers for detecting tumor DNA in different bodily fluids. In patients with various diseases as well as in healthy subjects, circulating plasma and serum carry small amounts of non-cell-bound DNA. In this free circulating DNA, tumor-associated molecular alterations can be detected in patients who have cancer. In many instances, the alterations identified are the same as those found in the primary tumor tissue, thereby suggesting tumor origin from a fraction of the circulating free DNA. In fact, various types of DNA alterations described in colorectal cancer have been detected in the circulating free DNA of patients with colorectal cancer. These alterations include KRAS2, APC and TP53 mutations, DNA hypermethylation, microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Also, advances in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technology now allow the detection and quantification of extremely small amounts of tumor-derived circulating free DNA in colorectal cancer patients. The present report summarizes the literature available so far on the mechanisms of circulating free DNA, and on the studies aimed at assessing the clinical and biological significance of tumor-derived circulating free DNA in colorectal cancer patients. Thus, tumor-derived circulating free DNA could serve as a marker for the diagnosis, prognosis and early detection of recurrence, thereby significantly improving the monitoring of colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lecomte
- Université François-Rabelais, parc Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France. lecomt
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Patutina O, Mironova N, Ryabchikova E, Popova N, Nikolin V, Kaledin V, Vlassov V, Zenkova M. Tumoricidal Activity of RNase A and DNase I. Acta Naturae 2010; 2:88-94. [PMID: 22649632 PMCID: PMC3347544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In our work the antitumor and antimetastatic activities of RNase A and DNase I were studied using two murine models of pulmonary (Lewis lung carcinoma) and liver (hepatoma A-1) metastases. We found that intramuscular administration of RNase A at the dose range of 0.1-50 µ g/kg retarded the primary tumor growth by 20-40%, and this effect disappeared with the increase in RNase A dose over 0.5 mg/kg. DNase I showed no effect on the primary tumor growth. The intramuscular administration of RNase A (0.35-7 µ g/kg) or DNase I (0.02-2.3 mg/kg) resulted in a considerable decrease in the metastasis number into the lungs of animals with Lewis lung carcinoma and a decrease of the hepatic index of animals with hepatoma 1A. A histological analysis of the organs occupied by metastases revealed that the administration of RNase A and DNase I induced metastasis pathomorphism as manifested by the destruction of oncocytes, an increase in necrosis and apoptosis foci in metastases, and mononuclear infiltration. Our data indicated that RNase A and DNase I are highly promising as supplementary therapeutics for the treatment of metastasizing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- O.A. Patutina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - N.L. Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - E.I. Ryabchikova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - N.A. Popova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - V.P. Nikolin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - V.I. Kaledin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - V.V. Vlassov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - M.A. Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
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Shklyaeva OA, Mironova NL, Malkova EM, Taranov OS, Ryabchikova EI, Zenkova MA, Vlasov VV. Cancer-suppressive effect of RNase A and DNase I. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2008; 420:108-11. [PMID: 18680903 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672908030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O A Shklyaeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrent'eva 8, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
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Abstract
The detection of free, circulating tumor DNA in the plasma of cancer patients opens up new possibilities for the diagnosis and prognostication of cancer. Whatever might be the mechanism for the presence of such DNA, it is now clear that oncogenes can circulate in the plasma fraction of blood and we can now ask whether this phenomenon has potentially important implications in cancer patients. The results of our experiments, together with previous observations of other authors, have led us to propose the "Hypothesis of Genometastasis", which suggests that metastases might develop as a result of transfection of susceptible cells in distant target organs with dominant oncogenes that circulate in the plasma and are derived from the primary tumor.
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Abstract
A number of mammalian proteins with suitable biological activities have been considered for use in targeted tumour therapy. Deoxyribonuclease-I (DNase-I), an endonuclease that degrades double-stranded DNA, represents an attractive candidate for tumour targeting since it is normally non-toxic yet could be highly cytotoxic when redirected to the cell nucleus. Our aim was to investigate the cytotoxic potential of mammalian DNase-I and its possible use in tumour-targeting strategies for cancer therapy. A chimeric molecule comprising a scFv reactive against the human placental alkaline phosphatase (hPLAP) and bovine pancreatic DNase-I was designed and investigated. The development of a tightly controlled system for the bacterial expression of DNase-I and its chimera is described. The production and purification of active DNase-I from the soluble cell fraction and significant yields from the insoluble fraction by isolation and refolding are described. The construction, expression, purification and in vitro characterisation of an anti-PLAP scFv-DNase-I chimera is also described. This molecule was shown to possess both antigen-binding and DNA-degrading activity in in vitro assays, thus combining the specific cell-targeting properties of the scFv and the potent, highly catalytic activity of the endonuclease. Furthermore, this chimeric molecule was highly cytotoxic in vitro in cells expressing the PLAP antigen. Targeting mammalian DNase-I provides a novel therapeutic strategy for selective cell killing, with the promise of less systemic toxicity and immunogenicity than currently used immunotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Linardou
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Oncology, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Imperial College Medical School at Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
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