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Na L, Wang Z, Bai Y, Sun Y, Dong D, Wang W, Zhao C. WNT7B represses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem-like properties in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1868:166271. [PMID: 34562599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence and metastasis are the major problems of bladder urothelial carcinoma, which mainly attribute to tumor cell stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemoresistance. METHODS TCGA database was interrogated for gene mRNA expression in bladder urothelial carcinoma samples. CCLE database was interrogated for gene mRNA expression in bladder cancer cell lines. The correlation between two genes was analyzed by Pearson statistics. 37 human bladder urothelial carcinoma specimens were adopted for immunohistochemistry. Bladder cancer cells RT4, J82, and UM-UC-3 were used to carry out loss and gain of function studies. Kaplan-Meier method was performed to analyze the overall survival. FINDINGS WNT7B is downregulated in high-grade bladder urothelial carcinomas. Low WNT7B expression is associated with unfavorable prognosis. Loss and gain of function studies showed that WNT7B inhibits bladder urothelial carcinoma cell EMT, stem-like properties and chemoresistance. FZD5, a specific receptor for WNT7B, mediates WNT7B signaling. ELF3 is a downstream component of WNT7B signaling, which transcriptionally modulates NOTCH1, a tumor suppressor in bladder urothelial carcinoma. INTERPRETATION These data demonstrate that WNT7B/FZD5-ELF3-NOTCH1 signaling functions as a tumor-suppressing pathway in bladder urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Na
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Chenghai Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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2
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Hui J, Wang C, Miao Y, Liu R, Xu J. The pancancer landscape of Wnt family expression reveals potential biomarkers in urinary system tumors. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:1035-1045. [PMID: 33311568 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy and targeted therapy have been particularly effective in treating tumors of the urinary system; however, the mechanisms of the Wnt family of proteins in the tumorigenesis, development, and immune response of urinary system tumors are not fully understood. Here, we show that the Wnt family was extensively upregulated in and impacted the prognosis of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) and bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). Moreover, the Wnt family correlated with the levels of infiltrating immune cells, including B cells, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The expression levels of Wnt family members were closely related to neoantigens, the mismatch repair system (MMRS) and DNA methyltransferases, and the mutation rate was generally low. Wnt family members are potential biomarkers for precision immunotherapy of urinary system tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Hui
- Department of Organ Transplant, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengxinqiao Wang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Miao
- Department of Organ Transplant, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Organ Transplant, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Tang C, Wang X, Ji C, Zheng W, Yu Y, Deng X, Zhou X, Fang L. The Role of miR-640: A Potential Suppressor in Breast Cancer via Wnt7b/β-catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:645682. [PMID: 33912460 PMCID: PMC8072343 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.645682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated that miR-640 is significantly downregulated in breast cancer (BC) tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-640 inhibited the proliferation and migration of BC in vitro and in vivo, while depletion of miR-640 exhibited the opposite effect. Importantly, miR-640 could directly target Wnt7b, thereby regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in BC. In conclusion, miR-640/Wnt7b suppresses BC cells tumorigenesis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which might be novel targets for BC targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tang
- Clinical Medical College of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Xuehui Wang
- Clinical Medical College of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changle Ji
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfang Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhe Yu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochong Deng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiqian Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Fang
- Clinical Medical College of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Liu Q, Wang Z, Zhou X, Tang M, Tan W, Sun T, Deng Y. miR-342-5p inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth, migration, invasion, and sensitivity to Doxorubicin through targeting Wnt7b. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:3325-3336. [PMID: 31601147 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1676087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) accounts for 9 percent of cancer-related deaths in young people. The PI3K/Akt signaling, a well-known carcinogenic signaling pathway in human cancer, cooperates with other signaling pathways such as Wnt signaling to promote cancer progression. Wnt7b, as a transforming member of the Wnt family, could activate mTORC1 through PI3K-AKT signaling and is upregulated in OS. In the present study, we found that miR-342-5p inhibits Wnt7b expression via direct binding to Wnt7b 3'-UTR. miR-342-5p overexpression remarkably suppressed the viability and invasion while enhanced the apoptosis of OS cells; meanwhile, Wnt7b, β-catenin, c-myc, and cyclin D1 proteins were reduced while E-cadherin protein showed to be increased. Consistent with its expression pattern, Wnt7b exerted oncogenic effects on OS cells. Wnt7b could significantly attenuate the impacts of miR-342-5p. In conclusion, we demonstrated a miR-342-5p/Wnt7b axis that regulates the capacity of OS cells to proliferate and to invade through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The miR-342-5p/Wnt7b axis might be novel targets for OS targeted therapy, which needs further in vivo and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenting Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingying Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tianshi Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Youwen Deng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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5
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Garg M, Maurya N. WNT/β-catenin signaling in urothelial carcinoma of bladder. World J Nephrol 2019; 8:83-94. [PMID: 31624709 PMCID: PMC6794554 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v8.i5.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma of bladder is the second most prevalent genitourinary disease. It is a highly heterogeneous disease as it represents a spectrum of neoplasms, including non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and metastatic lesions. Genome-wide approaches and candidate gene analysis suggest that malignant transformation of the bladder is multifactorial and a multitude of genes are involved in the development of MIBC or NMIBC phenotypes. Wnt signaling is being examined to control and maintain balance between stemness and differentiation in adult stem cell niches. Owing to its participation in urothelial development and maintenance of adult urothelial tissue homeostasis, the components of Wnt signaling are reported as an important diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as novel therapeutic targets. Mutations/epigenetic alterations in the key molecules of Wnt/β-catenin canonical pathway have been linked with tumorigenesis, development of drug resistance and enhanced survival. Present review extends our understanding on the functions of key regulatory molecules of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in urothelial tumorigenesis by inducing cancer stem cell phenotype (UCSCs). UCSCs may be responsible for tumor heterogeneity, high recurrence rates and complex biological behavior of bladder cancer. Therefore, understanding the role of UCSCs and the regulatory mechanisms that are responsible for high relapse rates and metastasis could help to develop pathway inhibitors and augment current therapies. Potential implications in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma of bladder by targeting this pathway primarily in UCSCs as well as in bulk tumor population that are responsible for high relapse rates and metastasis may facilitate potential therapeutic avenues and better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Niharika Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
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6
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Lu Y, Deng X, Xiao G, Zheng X, Ma L, Huang W. circ_0001730 promotes proliferation and invasion via the miR-326/Wnt7B axis in glioma cells. Epigenomics 2019; 11:1335-1352. [PMID: 31304776 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To study the role of circRNA (circ_0001730) in glioblastoma. Materials & methods: The interaction between circ_0001730 and miR-326 was confirmed by FISH, RNA pull down, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Cell proliferation and growth were determined by MTT, EdU and colony formation assays. Cell migration was assessed by the Boyden assay. Results: The levels of circ_0001730 were elevated in glioblastoma cell lines and tissues. circ_0001730 downregulation suppressed migration and proliferation in glioblastoma cells. SP1 bounds to the promoter of circ_0001730 host gene EPHB4 thereby increasing the expression of circ_0001730. circ_0001730 activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via the miR-326/Wnt7B axis. Conclusion: circ_000173 promoted growth and invasion in glioblastoma cells via the miR-326/Wnt7B axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyong Lu
- Department of Oncology (Section 3), Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xubin Deng
- Department of internal medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guanghui Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology Program, Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 215, USA
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of internal medicine, Yanling Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of internal medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, PR China
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7
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Alok A, Lei Z, Jagannathan NS, Kaur S, Harmston N, Rozen SG, Tucker-Kellogg L, Virshup DM. Wnt proteins synergize to activate β-catenin signaling. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1532-1544. [PMID: 28289266 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.198093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt ligands are involved in diverse signaling pathways that are active during development, maintenance of tissue homeostasis and in various disease states. While signaling regulated by individual Wnts has been extensively studied, Wnts are rarely expressed alone, and the consequences of Wnt gene co-expression are not well understood. Here, we studied the effect of co-expression of Wnts on the β-catenin signaling pathway. While some Wnts are deemed 'non-canonical' due to their limited ability to activate β-catenin when expressed alone, unexpectedly, we find that multiple Wnt combinations can synergistically activate β-catenin signaling in multiple cell types. WNT1- and WNT7B-mediated synergistic Wnt signaling requires FZD5, FZD8 and LRP6, as well as the WNT7B co-receptors GPR124 (also known as ADGRA2) and RECK. Unexpectedly, this synergistic signaling occurs downstream of β-catenin stabilization, and is correlated with increased lysine acetylation of β-catenin. Wnt synergy provides a general mechanism to confer increased combinatorial control over this important regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshula Alok
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Zhengdeng Lei
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore.,Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - N Suhas Jagannathan
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore.,Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Simran Kaur
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Nathan Harmston
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Steven G Rozen
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore.,Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Lisa Tucker-Kellogg
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore.,Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - David M Virshup
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore .,Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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8
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Du HF, Ou LP, Lv CK, Yang X, Song XD, Fan YR, Wu XH, Luo CL. Expression of hepaCAM inhibits bladder cancer cell proliferation via a Wnt/β-catenin-dependent pathway in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1502-13. [PMID: 26192362 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1071732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously established that hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (hepaCAM), a typical structure of immunoglobulin (Ig)-like adhesion molecules, inhibited the proliferation and the progression of cultured human bladder cancer cells. As increasing evidence reveals that aberrant activation of canonical Wnt pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer, and β-catenin serves as a pivotal molecule of Wnt pathway. Then, we explored whether the anti-proliferation effect of hepaCAM was associated with Wnt/β-catenin pathway in human bladder cancer cells. The negative correlation between hepaCAM and β-catenin in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder (TCCB) was found. Follow by, studied the effect of hepaCAM on the key elements of Wnt pathway. Here, Our researches showed that hepaCAM played a central role in modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by interfering nuclear protein levels of β-catenin, leading to down-regulate transcriptional activity of LEF/TCF and its target genes c-Myc and cyclinD1. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that hepaCAM-activated GSK3β led to elevate the phosphorylation of β-catenin, contributing to the aberrant translocation of β-catenin. In addition, Anti-proliferation and associated molecular mechanisms of hepaCAM were demonstrated by using vivo experiment. In conclusion, our reports uncover that expression of hepaCAM suppresses the proliferation of bladder cancer cells through a Wnt/β-catenin-dependent signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fei Du
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College ; Chengdu , PR China
| | - Li-Ping Ou
- b The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education ; Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , PR China
| | - Chang-Kun Lv
- c Department of Laboratory Medicine ; Shang qiu Medical College ; Shang qiu , PR China
| | - Xue Yang
- b The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education ; Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , PR China
| | - Xue-Dong Song
- b The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education ; Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , PR China
| | - Yan-Ru Fan
- b The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education ; Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , PR China
| | - Xiao-Hou Wu
- d Department of Urology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , PR China
| | - Chun-Li Luo
- b The Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education ; Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , PR China
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9
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Malgor R, Crouser S, Greco D, Brockett C, Coschigano K, Nakazawa M, Jenkinson S. Correlation of Wnt5a expression with histopathological grade/stage in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:139. [PMID: 23947922 PMCID: PMC3846281 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer, including urothelial carcinoma (UC), is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract and the fourth most frequent cancer overall in men. Wnt5a, a member of the Wnt family of proteins, has been shown to have contradictory roles in the pathogenesis of many cancers, acting either as tumor suppressor or tumor promoter. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and role of Wnt5a in the pathogenesis of UC and suggest possible clinical applications for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. METHODS We characterized the expression of Wnt5a in 33 human UC samples using immunohistochemistry. The samples were obtained via transurethral resection, immediately fixed in formalin and then embedded in paraffin. The correlation between Wnt5a immunoreactivity, histological grade, and pathological stage of the tumor was analyzed. The expression of Wnt5a mRNA as well as the effect of Wnt5a on cell migration was also evaluated in two UC cell lines, T24 and J82, and a normal urothelial cell line. RESULTS Our immunohistochemical results revealed that Wnt5a staining intensity correlated positively with the histological grade and pathological stage of the UC. Wnt5a mRNA expression differed widely in the three urothelial cell lines, with high levels in one carcinoma cell line and low levels in the other cell line in comparison to the normal urothelial cell line. Migration increased in both UC cell lines in response to Wnt5a treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the Wnt5a pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of UC and suggest that Wnt5a may serve as an additional, complementary diagnostic/prognostic marker for UC. VIRTUAL SLIDE http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1952312091979566.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Malgor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA.
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10
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Li Y, Zheng Y, Izumi K, Ishiguro H, Ye B, Li F, Miyamoto H. Androgen activates β-catenin signaling in bladder cancer cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:293-304. [PMID: 23447569 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signals have been implicated in bladder carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has also been reported to correlate with bladder cancer progression and poor patients' outcomes. However, cross talk between AR and β-catenin pathways in bladder cancer remains uncharacterized. In radical cystectomy specimens, we immunohistochemically confirmed aberrant expression of β-catenin especially in aggressive tumors. There was a strong association between nuclear expressions of AR and β-catenin in bladder tumors (P=0.0215). Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests further revealed that reduced membranous β-catenin expression (P=0.0276), nuclear β-catenin expression (P=0.0802), and co-expression of nuclear AR and β-catenin (P=0.0043) correlated with tumor progression after cystectomy. We then assessed the effects of androgen on β-catenin in AR-positive and AR-negative bladder cancer cell lines. A synthetic androgen R1881 increased the expression of an active form of β-catenin and its downstream target c-myc only in AR-positive lines. R1881 also enhanced the activity of β-catenin-mediated transcription, which was abolished by an AR antagonist hydroxyflutamide. Using western blotting and immunofluorescence, R1881 was found to induce nuclear translocation of β-catenin when co-localized with AR. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation revealed androgen-induced associations of AR with β-catenin or T-cell factor (TCF) in bladder cancer cells. Thus, it was likely that androgen was able to activate β-catenin signaling through the AR pathway in bladder cancer cells. Our results also suggest that activation of β-catenin signaling possibly via formation of AR/β-catenin/TCF complex contributes to the progression of bladder cancer, which may enhance the feasibility of androgen deprivation as a potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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11
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Wang X, Wang H, Bu R, Fei X, Zhao C, Song Y. Methylation and aberrant expression of the Wnt antagonist secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 in bladder cancer. Oncol Lett 2012; 4:334-338. [PMID: 22844380 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the methylation and expression status of secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) in bladder cancer, to explore the mechanisms involved and to study the role of SFRP1 in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. SFRP1 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The DNA methylation status was determined by methylation-specific PCR and protein was detected using western blotting. The results of the present study demonstrated that SFRP1 was methylated in the bladder cancer cell lines T24 and 5637, but not in SCaBER cells. After treating T24 and 5637 cells with a demethylating agent, the cells expressed SFRP1 mRNA and protein. Among the 45 patients with bladder cancer, methylation of SFRP1 was detected in 28 patients (62.2%). Of the matched cancer-adjacent tissues, 6 (13.3%) were found to have methylated SFRP1. The result is statistically significant (P<0.01). In conclusion, SFRP1 is downregulated in certain bladder cancer patients as a consequence of methylation. SFRP1 methylation may be involved in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer via excessive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P.R. China
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12
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Majid S, Saini S, Dahiya R. Wnt signaling pathways in urological cancers: past decades and still growing. Mol Cancer 2012; 11:7. [PMID: 22325146 PMCID: PMC3293036 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is involved in a wide range of embryonic patterning events and maintenance of homeostasis in adult tissues. The pathological role of the Wnt pathway has emerged from studies showing a high frequency of specific human cancers associated with mutations that constitutively activate the transcriptional response of these pathways. Constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is a common feature of solid tumors and contributes to tumor development, progression and metastasis in various cancers. In this review, the Wnt pathway will be covered from the perspective of urological cancers with emphasis placed on the recent published literature. Regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway by microRNAs (miRNA), small RNA sequences that modify gene expression profiles will also be discussed. An improved understanding of the basic genetics and biology of Wnt signaling pathway will provide insights into the development of novel chemopreventive and therapeutic strategies for urological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahana Majid
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco CA 94121, USA
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13
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Siar CH, Nagatsuka H, Han PP, Buery RR, Tsujigiwa H, Nakano K, Ng KH, Kawakami T. Differential expression of canonical and non-canonical Wnt ligands in ameloblastoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2011; 41:332-9. [PMID: 22077561 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Huat Siar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine & Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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14
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Krust B, El Khoury D, Nondier I, Soundaramourty C, Hovanessian AG. Targeting surface nucleolin with multivalent HB-19 and related Nucant pseudopeptides results in distinct inhibitory mechanisms depending on the malignant tumor cell type. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:333. [PMID: 21812966 PMCID: PMC3199867 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleolin expressed at the cell surface is a binding protein for a variety of ligands implicated in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. By using a specific antagonist that binds the C-terminal RGG domain of nucleolin, the HB-19 pseudopeptide, we recently reported that targeting surface nucleolin with HB-19 suppresses progression of established human breast tumor cells in the athymic nude mice, and delays development of spontaneous melanoma in the RET transgenic mice. METHODS By the capacity of HB-19 to bind stably surface nucleolin, we purified and identified nucleolin partners at the cell surface. HB-19 and related multivalent Nucant pseudopeptides, that present pentavalently or hexavalently the tripeptide Lysψ(CH2N)-Pro-Arg, were then used to show that targeting surface nucleolin results in distinct inhibitory mechanisms on breast, prostate, colon carcinoma and leukemia cells. RESULTS Surface nucleolin exists in a 500-kDa protein complex including several other proteins, which we identified by microsequencing as two Wnt related proteins, Ku86 autoantigen, signal recognition particle subunits SRP68/72, the receptor for complement component gC1q-R, and ribosomal proteins S4/S6. Interestingly, some of the surface-nucleolin associated proteins are implicated in cell signaling, tumor cell adhesion, migration, invasion, cell death, autoimmunity, and bacterial infections. Surface nucleolin in the 500-kDa complex is highly stable. Surface nucleolin antagonists, HB-19 and related multivalent Nucant pseudopeptides, exert distinct inhibitory mechanisms depending on the malignant tumor cell type. For example, in epithelial tumor cells they inhibit cell adhesion or spreading and induce reversion of the malignant phenotype (BMC cancer 2010, 10:325) while in leukemia cells they trigger a rapid cell death associated with DNA fragmentation. The fact that these pseudopeptides do not cause cell death in epithelial tumor cells indicates that cell death in leukemia cells is triggered by a specific signaling mechanism, rather than nonspecific cellular injury. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that targeting surface nucleolin could change the organization of the 500-kDa complex to interfere with the proper functioning of surface nucleolin and the associated proteins, and thus lead to distinct inhibitory mechanisms. Consequently, HB-19 and related Nucant pseudopeptides provide novel therapeutic opportunities in treatment of a wide variety of cancers and related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Krust
- CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Unité Régulation de la Transcription de Maladies Génétique, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Diala El Khoury
- CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Unité Régulation de la Transcription de Maladies Génétique, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Isabelle Nondier
- CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Unité Régulation de la Transcription de Maladies Génétique, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Calaiselvy Soundaramourty
- CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Unité Régulation de la Transcription de Maladies Génétique, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Ara G Hovanessian
- CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Unité Régulation de la Transcription de Maladies Génétique, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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15
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Abstract
Tumors are heterogeneous collections of cells with highly variable abilities to survive, grow, and metastasize. This variability likely stems from epigenetic and genetic influences, either stochastic or hardwired by cell type-specific lineage programs. That differentiation underlies tumor cell heterogeneity was elegantly demonstrated in hematopoietic tumors, in which rare primitive cells (cancer stem cells (CSCs)) resembling normal hematopoietic stem cells are ultimately responsible for tumor growth and viability. Because of the compelling clinical implications CSCs pose--across the entire spectrum of cancers--investigators applied the CSC model to cancers arising in tissues with crudely understood differentiation programs. Instead of relying on differentiation, these studies used empirically selected markers and statistical arguments to identify CSCs. The empirical approach has stimulated important questions about "stemness" in cancer cells as well as the validity and stoichiometry of CSC assays. The recent identification of urothelial differentiation programs in urothelial carcinomas (UroCas) supports the idea that solid epithelial cancers (carcinomas) develop and differentiate analogously to normal epithelia and provides new insights about the spatial localization and molecular makeup of carcinoma CSCs. Importantly, CSCs from invasive UroCas (UroCSCs) appear well situated to exchange important signals with adjacent stroma, to escape immune surveillance, and to survive cytotoxic therapy. These signals have potential roles in treatment resistance and many participate in druggable cellular pathways. In this review, we discuss the implications of these findings in understanding CSCs and in better understanding how UroCas form, progress, and should be treated.
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16
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Urakami S, Shiina H, Enokida H, Kawakami T, Tokizane T, Ogishima T, Tanaka Y, Li LC, Ribeiro-Filho LA, Terashima M, Kikuno N, Adachi H, Yoneda T, Kishi H, Shigeno K, Konety BR, Igawa M, Dahiya R. Epigenetic inactivation of Wnt inhibitory factor-1 plays an important role in bladder cancer through aberrant canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:383-91. [PMID: 16428476 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aberrant activation of the Wingless-type (Wnt) pathway plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of several human cancers. Wnt inhibitory factor-1 (Wif-1) was identified as one of the secreted antagonists that can bind Wnt protein. We hypothesize that Wif-1 plays an important role in bladder cancer pathogenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To test this hypothesis, epigenetic and genetic pathways involved in the Wif-1 gene modulation and expression of Wnt/beta-catenin-related genes were analyzed in 4 bladder tumor cell lines and 54 bladder tumor and matched normal bladder mucosa. RESULTS Wif-1 mRNA expression was significantly enhanced after 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment in bladder tumor cell lines. Wif-1 promoter methylation level was significantly higher and Wif-1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in bladder tumor samples than in bladder mucosa samples. In the total bladder tumor and bladder mucosa samples, an inverse correlation was found between promoter methylation and Wif-1 mRNA transcript levels. However, loss-of-heterozygosity at chromosome 12q14.3 close to the Wif-1 gene loci was a rare event (3.7%). Nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin was significantly more frequent in bladder tumor than in bladder mucosa and inversely correlated with Wif-1 expression. In addition, known targets of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, such as c-myc and cyclin D1, were up-regulated in bladder tumor compared with bladder mucosa, and this up-regulation was associated with reduced Wif-1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, transfection of Wif-1 small interfering RNA into bladder tumor cells expressing Wif-1 mRNA transcripts had increased levels of c-myc and cyclin D1 and accelerated cell growth. CONCLUSION This is the first report showing that CpG hypermethylation of the Wif-1 promoter is a frequent event in bladder tumor and may contribute to pathogenesis of bladder cancer through aberrant canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. The present study elucidates novel pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Azacitidine/analogs & derivatives
- Azacitidine/pharmacology
- Base Sequence
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cyclin D1/genetics
- Cyclin D1/metabolism
- DNA Modification Methylases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Decitabine
- Epigenesis, Genetic/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Wnt Proteins/metabolism
- beta Catenin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Urakami
- Department of Urology 112F, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and University of California at San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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17
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Wissmann C, Wild PJ, Kaiser S, Roepcke S, Stoehr R, Woenckhaus M, Kristiansen G, Hsieh JC, Hofstaedter F, Hartmann A, Knuechel R, Rosenthal A, Pilarsky C. WIF1, a component of the Wnt pathway, is down-regulated in prostate, breast, lung, and bladder cancer. J Pathol 2003; 201:204-12. [PMID: 14517837 DOI: 10.1002/path.1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To detect novel Wnt-pathway genes involved in tumourigenesis, this study analysed the RNA expression levels of 40 genes of the Wnt pathway by chip hybridization of microdissected matched pairs of 54 primary prostate carcinomas. Eleven genes showed greater than two-fold differential expression in at least 10% of prostate cancers. Three of these genes encode extracellular components of the Wnt pathway (WNT2, WIF1, SFRP4); two are receptors (FZD4, FZD6); two belong to the intracellular signal cascade (DVL1, PPP2CB); one regulates transcription (TCF4); and three represent genes regulated by this pathway (CCND2, CD44, MYC). While SFRP4, FZD4, FZD6, DVL1, TCF4, and MYC are up-regulated, WIF1, WNT2, PPP2CB, CCND2, and CD44 are down-regulated in certain prostate cancer patients. Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) and secreted frizzled related protein (SFRP4) showed the most significant aberrant expression at the RNA level. WIF1 was down-regulated in 64% of primary prostate cancers, while SFRP4 was up-regulated in 81% of the patients. Immunohistochemical analysis using a polyclonal antibody revealed strong cytoplasmic perinuclear WIF1 expression in normal epithelial cells of the prostate, breast, lung, and urinary bladder. Strong reduction of WIF1 protein expression was found in 23% of prostate carcinomas, but also in 60% of breast, 75% of non-small cell lung (NSCLC), and 26% of bladder cancers analysed. No significant association between WIF1 down-regulation and tumour stage or grade was observed for prostate, breast or non-small cell lung carcinomas, indicating that loss of WIF1 expression may be an early event in tumourigenesis in these tissues. However, down-regulation of WIF1 correlated with higher tumour stage in urinary bladder tumours (pTa versus pT1-pT4; p = 0.038).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wissmann
- metaGen Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Oudenarder Strasse 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Taki M, Kamata N, Yokoyama K, Fujimoto R, Tsutsumi S, Nagayama M. Down-regulation of Wnt-4 and up-regulation of Wnt-5a expression by epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human squamous carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 2003; 94:593-7. [PMID: 12841867 PMCID: PMC11160266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2003.tb01488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2003] [Revised: 05/06/2003] [Accepted: 05/07/2003] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression of Wnt-1, 2, 3, 4, 5a, 6 and 7a was analyzed by RT-PCR in eleven squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines and compared with that in two normal oral keratinocyte strains. There appeared to be an inverse relationship between Wnt-4 and Wnt-5a expressions, i.e., Wnt-4 was not expressed in HOC719-NE, HOC313 or TSU cells, while Wnt-5a was strongly expressed only in these cells. These cell lines showed decreased expression of E-cadherin and elevated expression of vimentin accompanied with strong expressions of Snail and deltaEF1, which have been reported to be transrepressors of E-cadherin and to trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), suggesting associations of Wnt-4 with epithelial phenotype and Wnt-5a with mesenchymal phenotype of SCC cells. To study whether the expressions of these Wnt genes are regulated by EMT, we transfected a Snail-expression vector into A431 and OM-1 cells, which express Wnt-4 but not Wnt-5a. The stably Snail-overexpressing clones showed spindle morphology, increased expression of vimentin and decreased expression of E-cadherin accompanied with augmented expression of deltaEF1. In these clones, down-regulation of Wnt-4 and up-regulation of Wnt-5a were clearly observed. These results indicated that Wnt-4 and Wnt-5a are oppositely affected by EMT, and down-regulation of Wnt-4 and up-regulation of Wnt-5a are possible markers of the malignant phenotype of human SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Taki
- First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
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19
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Thievessen I, Seifert HH, Swiatkowski S, Florl AR, Schulz WA. E-cadherin involved in inactivation of WNT/beta-catenin signalling in urothelial carcinoma and normal urothelial cells. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:1932-8. [PMID: 12799639 PMCID: PMC2741126 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of WNT signalling through beta-catenin, which leads to increased transcription of TCF/beta-catenin target genes, is crucial in the development of many human tumour types including colorectal carcinoma and hepatoma. Its role in urothelial cancer (TCC) is unclear, since typical activating mutations are not found. We therefore determined the activity of a beta-catenin/TCF-dependent promoter in proliferating normal uroepithelial cells and seven TCC cell lines, using a hepatoma line with oncogenic beta-catenin as a control. Neither normal urothelial cells nor TCC lines exhibited activity under normal growth conditions. In normal cells and 5/7 TCC lines, even transfection of activated beta-catenin did not restore promoter activity, suggesting repression of beta-catenin/TCF activity. TCF mRNAs and total beta-catenin protein levels did not differ qualitatively between inducible and noninducible cell lines, but E-cadherin expression was lacking or low in inducible TCC lines. In these, cotransfection of E-cadherin diminished activation of the TCF-dependent promoter by beta-catenin. Our results make constitutive WNT/beta-catenin signalling in TCC appear unlikely, thereby explaining the lack of reported mutations. However, decreased E-cadherin expression occurring in many TCC, often as a consequence of promoter hypermethylation, may confer inappropriate responsiveness to WNT factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Thievessen
- Urologische Klinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - H-H Seifert
- Urologische Klinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Swiatkowski
- Urologische Klinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A R Florl
- Urologische Klinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - W A Schulz
- Urologische Klinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Urology, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. E-mail:
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20
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Magrangeas F, Nasser V, Avet-Loiseau H, Loriod B, Decaux O, Granjeaud S, Bertucci F, Birnbaum D, Nguyen C, Harousseau JL, Bataille R, Houlgatte R, Minvielle S. Gene expression profiling of multiple myeloma reveals molecular portraits in relation to the pathogenesis of the disease. Blood 2003; 101:4998-5006. [PMID: 12623842 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-11-3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although multiple myeloma (MM) is a unique entity, a marked heterogeneity is actually observed among the patients, which has been first related to immunoglobulin (Ig) types and light chain subtypes and more recently to chromosomal abnormalities. To further investigate this genetic heterogeneity, we analyzed gene expression profiles of 92 primary tumors according to their Ig types and light chain subtypes with DNA microarrays. Several clusters of genes involved in various biologic functions such as immune response, cell cycle control, signaling, apoptosis, cell adhesion, and structure significantly discriminated IgA- from IgG-MM. Genes associated with inhibition of differentiation and apoptosis induction were up-regulated while genes associated with immune response, cell cycle control, and apoptosis were down-regulated in IgA-MM. According to the expression of the 61 most discriminating genes, BJ-MM represented a separate subgroup that did not express either the genes characteristic of IgG-MM or those of IgA-MM at a high level. This suggests that transcriptional programs associated to the switch could be maintained up to plasma cell differentiation. Several genes whose products are known to stimulate bone remodeling discriminate between kappa- and lambda-MM. One of these genes, Mip-1alpha, was overexpressed in the kappa subgroup. In addition, we established a strong association (P =.0001) between kappa subgroup expressing high levels of Mip-1alpha and active myeloma bone disease. This study shows that DNA microarrays enable us to perform a molecular dissection of the bioclinical diversity of MM and provide new molecular tools to investigate the pathogenesis of malignant plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Magrangeas
- INSERM U463, Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital, Nantes, France
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21
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Weeraratna AT, Jiang Y, Hostetter G, Rosenblatt K, Duray P, Bittner M, Trent JM. Wnt5a signaling directly affects cell motility and invasion of metastatic melanoma. Cancer Cell 2002; 1:279-88. [PMID: 12086864 DOI: 10.1016/s1535-6108(02)00045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 669] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression profiling identified human melanoma cells demonstrating increased cell motility and invasiveness. The gene WNT5A best determined in vitro invasive behavior. Melanoma cells were transfected with vectors constitutively overexpressing Wnt5a. Consistent changes included actin reorganization and increased cell adhesion. No increase in beta-catenin expression or nuclear translocation was observed. There was, however, a dramatic increase in activated PKC. In direct correlation with Wnt5a expression and PKC activation, there was an increase in melanoma cell invasion. Blocking this pathway using antibodies to Frizzled-5, the receptor for Wnt5a, inhibited PKC activity and cellular invasion. Furthermore, Wnt5a expression in human melanoma biopsies directly correlated to increasing tumor grade. These observations support a role for Wnt5a in human melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashani T Weeraratna
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Cancer Genetics Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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