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R S, R C, Mohideen K, Adtani PN, Subramani V, Balasubramaniam M. Expression of Sex Hormones in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review on Immunohistochemical Studies. Cureus 2022; 14:e25384. [PMID: 35765387 PMCID: PMC9233754 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most widespread oral malignancy. In the western world, smoking and alcohol remain the most common risk factors, whereas smokeless tobacco and areca nut consumption are the prevalent etiological factors in South Asia. Numerous markers were studied till date to identify the disease. However, the role of sex hormones in OSCC is poorly defined. Hormonal receptors play a role in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and human papillomavirus (HPV) driven oropharyngeal cancers. It is proven that the expression of estrogen receptor-α improved the overall survival of the patient with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer. Thus, this review article aims to determine the expression of sex hormones by immunohistochemistry in OSCC. This systematic review was performed with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement Criteria 2020. Relevant articles were collected from the electronic database in PubMed and Cochrane till 2021. Immunohistochemical studies on sex hormones and their role in OSCC published in English literature were included. We excluded case reports, case series, and abstract-only articles. The sample size of the selected studies varied, and these studies measured the parameters such as sex hormones and OSCC. Furthermore, all the studies used different sex hormones and their association with oral cancer through the immunohistochemical process. Thus, this review summarizes that sex hormones influence the biopathology of oral cancer and have a prognostic significance in the tumor subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya R
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IND
| | - Chandini R
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IND
| | - Khadijah Mohideen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IND
| | - Pooja N Adtani
- Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, ARE
| | - Vijayanirmala Subramani
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Murali Balasubramaniam
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IND
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Zhang C, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Wang F, Che Y, Fang L, Zhang Y, Sun N, He J. Identification of a Prognostic Immune Signature for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Predict Survival and Inflammatory Landscapes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:580005. [PMID: 33392181 PMCID: PMC7773787 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has achieved success in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, studies concerning immune phenotypes within the ESCC microenvironment and their relationship with prognostic outcomes are limited. We constructed and validated an individual immune-related risk signature for patients with ESCC. We collected 196 ESCC cases, including 119 samples from our previous public data (GSE53624) to use as a training set and an independent cohort with 77 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) data, which we used for validation. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) cohorts were also collected for validation. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model and a stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to construct the immune-specific signature. The potential mechanism and inflammatory landscapes of the signature were explored using bioinformatics and immunofluorescence assay methods. This signature predicted different prognoses in clinical subgroups and the independent cohort, as well as in patients with HNSCC and LUSC. Further exploration revealed that the signature was associated with specific inflammatory activities (activation of macrophages and T-cell signaling transduction). Additionally, high-risk patients exhibited distinctive immune checkpoints panel and higher regulatory T cell and fibroblast infiltration. This signature served as an independent prognostic factor in ESCC. This was the first applicable immune-related risk signature for ESCC. Our results furnished new hints of immune profiling of ESCC, which may provide some clues to further optimize associated cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejun Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Richtig G, Aigelsreiter AM, Asslaber M, Weiland T, Pichler M, Eberhard K, Sygulla S, Schauer S, Hoefler G, Aigelsreiter A. Hedgehog pathway proteins SMO and GLI expression as prognostic markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathology 2019; 75:118-127. [PMID: 30861166 PMCID: PMC6851882 DOI: 10.1111/his.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aims Because the hedgehog signalling pathway plays a major role in many types of cancer and can nowadays be targeted by specific compounds, we aimed to investigate the role of this pathway in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Methods and results Ninety‐eight treatment‐naive head and neck cancer specimens were immunohistologically stained for SMO, GLI‐1, p53 and p16 expression and correlated with clinicopathological factors. Immunoreactivity for SMO and GLI‐1 was found in 20 (20.4%) and 52 (53.1%) cases of tumours, respectively. SMO expression correlated with GLI‐1 expression (ρ = 0.258, P = 0.010) in univariate and multivariate analysis (P = 0.007, t = 2.81). In univariate analysis, high SMO expression was associated with shorter overall survival (HR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.32–0.98; P = 0.044) and disease‐free survival (HR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.30–0.95; P = 0.034). In multivariate cox regression analysis SMO expression showed a trend towards an independent predictor for shorter overall survival (HR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.30–1.05; P = 0.072) and disease‐free survival (HR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.28–1.02; P = 0.056). In head and neck cancer patients with low tumour p16 expression, SMO expression was an independent factor for overall survival (HR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.24–0.98; P = 0.043) and disease‐free survival (HR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.22‐0.96; P = 0.037). Conclusion Although it needs to be confirmed in larger cohorts, our results suggest that targeting SMO might be a potentially therapeutic option in patients with head and neck cancer. In line, molecular pathological analyses including mutation analysis in the hedgehog pathway might point to additional therapeutic leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Richtig
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Pharmacology Section, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Division of Oncology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Martin Asslaber
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Weiland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Eberhard
- Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics, Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stephan Sygulla
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Schauer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ariane Aigelsreiter
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Fei M, Zhang J, Zhou J, Xu Y, Wang J. Sex-related hormone receptor in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: correlation with androgen estrogen-ɑ and prolactin receptor expression and influence of prognosis. Acta Otolaryngol 2018; 138:66-72. [PMID: 28889782 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2017.1373851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression and function of androgen receptors (AR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ER-ɑ) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) have remained controversial for decades. Prolactin receptor (PRLR) is a sex-related hormone, that has been rarely documented in terms of expression or function compared with data on other hormone receptors in laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS This study reports on immunohistochemical and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of tumour tissue and adjacent normal tissue in 96 patients with LSCC (82 males and 14 females). The expression levels of the receptors were related to clinicopathologic parameters and survival data. RESULTS At both protein and mRNA levels, the expression level of AR, ER-ɑ, and PRLR was much higher in LSCC than in adjacent normal tissues (p < .05). Among them, higher PRLR expression in tumour tissues tended to have a significantly poorer survival rate (p = .03) for patients with LSCC. Furthermore, higher expression of ER-ɑ in tumours was correlated with higher expression level of PRLR (r = .823, p = .03). CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that the sex-related hormone receptors play an important role in the development of LSCC. The PRLR represents a novel prognosticator, because of its negative effect on survival and its interaction with ER-ɑ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Fei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiadong Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Agarwal N, Machiels JP, Suárez C, Lewis N, Higgins M, Wisinski K, Awada A, Maur M, Stein M, Hwang A, Mosher R, Wasserman E, Wu G, Zhang H, Zieba R, Elmeliegy M. Phase I Study of the Prolactin Receptor Antagonist LFA102 in Metastatic Breast and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Oncologist 2016; 21:535-6. [PMID: 27091421 PMCID: PMC4861370 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
LESSONS LEARNED Despite evidence for a role for prolactin signaling in breast and prostate tumorigenesis, a prolactin receptor-binding monoclonal antibody has not produced clinical efficacy.Increased serum prolactin levels may be a biomarker for prolactin receptor inhibition.Results from the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics (PD) studies suggest that inappropriately long dosing intervals and insufficient exposure to LFA102 may have resulted in lack of antitumor efficacy.Based on preclinical data, combination therapy of LFA102 with those novel agents targeting hormonal pathways in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and metastatic breast cancer is promising.Given the PD evidence of prolactin receptor blockade by LFA102, this drug has the potential to be used in conditions such as hyperprolactinemia that are associated with high prolactin levels. BACKGROUND Prolactin receptor (PRLR) signaling is implicated in breast and prostate cancer. LFA102, a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to and inhibits the PRLR, has exhibited promising preclinical antitumor activity. METHODS Patients with PRLR-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) or metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) received doses of LFA102 at 3-60 mg/kg intravenously once every 4 weeks. Objectives were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or recommended dose for expansion (RDE) to investigate the safety/tolerability of LFA102 and to assess pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and antitumor activity. RESULTS A total of 73 patients were enrolled at 5 dose levels. The MTD was not reached because of lack of dose-limiting toxicities. The RDE was established at 60 mg/kg based on PK and PD analysis and safety data. The most common all-cause adverse events (AEs) were fatigue (44%) and nausea (33%) regardless of relationship. Grade 3/4 AEs reported to be related to LFA102 occurred in 4% of patients. LFA102 exposure increased approximately dose proportionally across the doses tested. Serum prolactin levels increased in response to LFA102 administration, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for PRLR inhibition. No antitumor activity was detected. CONCLUSION Treatment with LFA102 was safe and well tolerated, but did not show antitumor activity as monotherapy at the doses tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Agarwal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jean-Pascal Machiels
- Roi Albert II Institute, Medical Oncology Service, University Clinic Saint Luc and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (Pôle Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy & Oncology), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nancy Lewis
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michaela Higgins
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kari Wisinski
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Michela Maur
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Respiratory Disease, University Hospital Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Mark Stein
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andy Hwang
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Gang Wu
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hefei Zhang
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Renata Zieba
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
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Xu J, Li Y, Lu J, Pan T, Ding N, Wang Z, Shao T, Zhang J, Wang L, Li X. The mRNA related ceRNA-ceRNA landscape and significance across 20 major cancer types. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:8169-82. [PMID: 26304537 PMCID: PMC4787795 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) through shared miRNAs represents a novel layer of gene regulation that plays important roles in the physiology and development of cancers. However, a global view of their system-level properties across various types of cancers is still unknown. Here, we constructed the mRNA related ceRNA–ceRNA interaction landscape across 20 cancer types by systematically analyzing molecular profiles of 5203 tumors and miRNA regulations. Our study highlights the conserved features shared by pan-cancer and higher similarity within similar origin cell type. Moreover, a core ceRNA network was identified. Function analysis identified a common theme of cancer hallmarks, however they exhibit phenotype-specific connectivity patterns. Besides, we found a marked rewiring in the ceRNA program between various cancers, and further revealed conserved and rewired network ceRNA hubs in each cancer, which were tensely competitive interactions to constitute conserved and cancer-specific modules. By providing mechanistic linkage between known cancer miRNAs, their mediated ceRNA–ceRNA interactions, and the associations with known cancer hallmarks, the inferred cancer ceRNA–ceRNA interaction landscape will serve as a powerful public resource for further biological discoveries of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jianping Lu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Tao Pan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Na Ding
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zishan Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Tingting Shao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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Nainani P, Paliwal A, Nagpal N, Agrawal M. Sex hormones in gender-specific risk for head and neck cancer: A review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2014; 4:S1-4. [PMID: 25452920 PMCID: PMC4247543 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.144557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that numerous researches have been carried out to prevent head and neck cancer (HNC) and treat those patients, there is no reduction in morbidity rate because the underlying molecular pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Endocrine microenvironment is another vital factor besides other traditional risk factors like tobacco smoking, infections, and alcohol. It has been proven that sex hormone receptors are also expressed in larynx and lungs, in addition to sex organs. Sex hormones play a vital role in gene expression involved in the plethora of biological and neoplastic processes. The role of sex hormones in HNC is still divisive and very few researches have been conducted to describe their role. So, this article is an effort to attract the attention of researchers, endocrinologists, pathologists, and clinicians toward the impending role of sex hormones, with special emphasis on progesterone, estrogen, and prolactin in HNC onset and progression, along with their therapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purshotam Nainani
- Department of Oral Pathology, RKDF Dental College and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Aparna Paliwal
- Department of Oral Pathology, RKDF Dental College and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Neelu Nagpal
- Department of Oral Pathology, RKDF Dental College and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mayank Agrawal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Wallis SP, Stafford ND, Greenman J. Clinical relevance of immune parameters in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck cancers. Head Neck 2014; 37:449-59. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas D. Stafford
- Hull York Medical School, Daisy Laboratories, Castle Hill Hospital; Hull United Kingdom
| | - John Greenman
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull; Hull United Kingdom
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Aigelsreiter AM, Aigelsreiter A, Wehrschuetz M, Ress AL, Koller K, Salzwimmer M, Gerger A, Schauer S, Bauernhofer T, Pichler M. Loss of the putative tumor suppressor protein spinophilin is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck cancer. Hum Pathol 2013; 45:683-90. [PMID: 24565202 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The putative tumor suppressor protein spinophilin has been recently involved in the pathogenesis of lung, liver, and other types of cancer. Previous studies also indicate that a loss of spinophilin in combination with functional impairment of p53 drives tumor progression. To date, no data exist about the role of spinophilin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present study, we evaluated spinophilin and p53 expression by immunohistochemistry in 85 patients with nonmetastatic HNSCC. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox proportional models were used to define the prognostic relevance of spinophilin for patients with HNSCC. Overall, immunoreactivity for spinophilin was reduced in 40 tumors (47%). Nine cases (10.5%) showed complete loss of spinophilin. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis demonstrated that reduced spinophilin expression is associated with poor overall survival (P = .022). Concomitant analysis of spinophilin and p53 further showed that patients with reduced spinophilin expression and nuclear p53 staining have a significantly decreased overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-3.61; P = .030). In conclusion, the combination of reduced spinophilin expression and nuclear p53 staining indicates a poor prognosis in HNSCC patients. Based on our results, spinophilin might play a previously unrecognized role in the pathogenesis of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Lena Ress
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Koller
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Michaela Salzwimmer
- Department of General Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Schauer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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González-Lucano LR, Muñoz-Valle JF, Ascencio-Cedillo R, Domínguez-Rosales JA, López-Rincón G, Del Toro-Arreola S, Bueno-Topete M, Daneri-Navarro A, Estrada-Chávez C, Pereira-Suárez AL. Increased expression of the prolactin receptor is associated with malignant laryngeal tumors. Exp Ther Med 2012; 3:603-607. [PMID: 22969936 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The altered expression of the prolactin receptor (PRLR) has been associated with the development of various types of cancer, particularly breast, prostate and endometrial cancer. However, in laryngeal tumors, the expression of PRLR has not yet been documented. The aim of this study was to determine the expression and localization of PRLR in laryngeal cancer (LC) in comparison with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). PRLR expression was analyzed in 48 paraffin-embedded tissues (18 RRP and 30 laryngeal cancer tissues) by immunoperoxidase staining. Furthermore, PRLR expression was evaluated in ten samples from each group by Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time PCR. PRLR was observed in all laryngeal tumors at different intensities. PRLR overexpression was significantly associated (P<0.005) with LC. The staining pattern was homogeneous, mainly cytoplasmic, and confined to the tumor area. We found increased expression of different isoforms in LC in comparison with RRP. Our results suggest a possible role of PRL/PRLR in the development of LC. PRLR may be useful as a target for further investigations in laryngeal tissues.
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