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Oikawa K, Kuroda M, Ehata S. Suppression of antitumor cytokine IL‑24 by PRG4 and PAI‑1 may promote myxoid liposarcoma cell survival. Biomed Rep 2023; 19:60. [PMID: 37614985 PMCID: PMC10442737 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppression of the antitumor cytokine interleukin-24 (IL-24) is critical for the survival of myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) cells. It has been previously demonstrated by the authors that an MLS-specific chimeric oncoprotein, translocated in liposarcoma-CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (TLS-CHOP), supresses IL24 mRNA expression via induction of proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) to sustain MLS cell proliferation. However, IL-24 has also been revealed to be suppressed by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in human ovarian and lung cancer cells. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of IL-24 suppression in MLS cells. The results revealed that the proteasome inhibitor, MG-132, induced cell death in MLS cells in vitro; this effect was reduced following IL-24 knockdown. This indicated that proteasomal degradation of IL-24 may be an important process for MLS cell survival. In addition, it was also previously revealed by the authors that knockdown of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a TLS-CHOP downstream molecule, suppressed the growth of MLS cells, thus instigating the investigation of the effect of PAI-1 on IL-24 expression in MLS cells. Double knockdown of PAI-1 and IL-24 negated the growth-suppressive effect of PAI-1 single knockdown in MLS cells. Interestingly, PAI-1 single knockdown did not increase the mRNA expression of IL24, but it did increase the protein abundance of IL-24, indicating that PAI-1 suppressed IL-24 expression by promoting its proteasomal degradation. Moreover, treatment of MLS cells with a PAI-1 inhibitor, TM5275, induced IL-24 protein expression and apoptosis. Collectively, the results of the present as well as previous studies indicated that IL-24 expression may be suppressed at the transcriptional level by PRG4 and at the protein level by PAI-1 in MLS cells. Accordingly, PAI-1 may represent an effective therapeutic target for MLS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Oikawa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shogo Ehata
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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Role of FUS-CHOP in Myxoid Liposarcoma via miR-486/CDK4 Axis. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:1095-1106. [PMID: 34792704 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the roles and relationship between FUsed in Sarcoma (FUS)-C/EBP HOmologous Protein (CHOP), microRNA (miR)-486 and cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) in myxoid liposarcoma, and determined whether FUS-CHOP can regulate proliferation and apoptosis of myxoid liposarcoma cells by regulating miR-486/CDK4 axis. The levels of miR-486, CDK4 and FUS-CHOP in myxoid liposarcoma samples/adjacent normal muscle tissues and myxoid liposarcoma/human adipose-derived stem cell line were evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were performed using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, the apoptosis-related proteins were determined using Western blot assay. We found that miR-486 was down-regulated, FUS-CHOP and CDK4 were up-regulated in myxoid liposarcoma tissues and myxoid liposarcoma cell lines. Moreover, FUS-CHOP-siRNA distinctly suppressed FUS-CHOP level and increased miR-486 levels in 1955/91 cells. Our results demonstrated that knockdown of FUS-CHOP by siRNA inhibited 1955/91 growth, promoted cell apoptosis and enhanced cleaved Caspase3 protein expression. However, all these data were reversed by miR-486 inhibitor. Similarly, compared to mimic control, miR-486 mimic markedly reduced 1955/91 cells growth, induced cell apoptosis and fortified cleaved Caspase3 level, while these results were abolished by CDK4-plasmid. Collectively, our observations clearly suggested that FUS-CHOP regulated myxoid liposarcoma cell proliferation and apoptosis by the regulation of miR-486/CDK4 axis, indicating the potential use of FUS-CHOP-siRNA as a promising therapy for myxoid liposarcoma.
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Owen I, Yee D, Wyne H, Perdikari TM, Johnson V, Smyth J, Kortum R, Fawzi NL, Shewmaker F. The oncogenic transcription factor FUS-CHOP can undergo nuclear liquid-liquid phase separation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272045. [PMID: 34357401 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcoma is caused by a chromosomal translocation resulting in a fusion protein comprised of the N terminus of FUS (fused in sarcoma) and the full-length transcription factor CHOP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, also known as DDIT3). FUS functions in RNA metabolism, and CHOP is a stress-induced transcription factor. The FUS-CHOP fusion protein causes unique gene expression and oncogenic transformation. Although it is clear that the FUS segment is required for oncogenic transformation, the mechanism of FUS-CHOP-induced transcriptional activation is unknown. Recently, some transcription factors and super enhancers have been proposed to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation and form membraneless compartments that recruit transcription machinery to gene promoters. Since phase separation of FUS depends on its N terminus, transcriptional activation by FUS-CHOP could result from the N terminus driving nuclear phase transitions. Here, we characterized FUS-CHOP in cells and in vitro, and observed novel phase-separating properties relative to unmodified CHOP. Our data indicate that FUS-CHOP forms phase-separated condensates that colocalize with BRD4, a marker of super enhancer condensates. We provide evidence that the FUS-CHOP phase transition is a novel oncogenic mechanism and potential therapeutic target for myxoid liposarcoma. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzy Owen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Debra Yee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Hala Wyne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | - Victoria Johnson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Jeremy Smyth
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Robert Kortum
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Nicolas L Fawzi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Frank Shewmaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Kamikawa Y, Yokota K, Oikawa K, Sato F, Muragaki Y. Suppression of MKL1 promotes adipocytic differentiation and reduces the proliferation of myxoid liposarcoma cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:369. [PMID: 33154767 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) is thought to occur due to defective adipocytic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. A promising strategy for MLS treatment is the prevention of sarcomagenesis by promoting the terminal differentiation of MLS cells into adipocytes. Previous studies have reported that the suppression of megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) expression induces adipocytic differentiation in preadipocyte cell lines. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of MKL1 suppression on MLS cells. In the present study, MKL1 knockdown was demonstrated to promote the adipocytic differentiation of an MLS-derived cell line, designated 1955/91, under adipogenic conditions. This suggests that therapeutic targeting of the MKL1-associated molecular pathway has potential as a promising method of MLS treatment. However, the induction of adipogenesis by MKL knockdown was incomplete, and Oil Red O staining indicated that intracellular lipid droplets were only sporadically generated. Conversely, MKL1 knockdown reduced the growth of the MLS cells. As adipocytic differentiation in vitro requires cellular confluence, the decreased growth rate of the MLS cells following MKL1 knockdown could be attributed to the incomplete induction of adipogenesis. Translocated in liposarcoma-CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (TLS-CHOP) is an MLS-specific oncoprotein that is thought to play key roles in sarcomagenesis and the suppression of adipocytic differentiation. However, the results of western blotting analyses suggest that TLS-CHOP has limited effects on MKL1 expression in MLS cells and that MKL1 knockdown hardly affects TLS-CHOP expression. Thus, it is postulated that the inhibitory effect of TLS-CHOP on adipogenesis is not associated with MKL1 expression. However, MKL1 and the molecular pathway involving MKL1 appear to be attractive targets for the differentiation therapy of MLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kamikawa
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kento Yokota
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kosuke Oikawa
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Muragaki
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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5
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Identification of inhibitors regulating cell proliferation and FUS-DDIT3 expression in myxoid liposarcoma using combined DNA, mRNA, and protein analyses. J Transl Med 2018; 98:957-967. [PMID: 29588491 PMCID: PMC6070472 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
FUS-DDIT3 belongs to the FET (FUS, EWSR1, and TAF15) family of fusion oncogenes, which collectively are considered to be key players in tumor development. Even though over 90% of all myxoid liposarcomas (MLS) have a FUS-DDIT3 gene fusion, there is limited understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate its expression. In order to study cell proliferation and FUS-DDIT3 regulation at mRNA and protein levels, we first developed a direct cell lysis approach that allows DNA, mRNA, and protein to be analyzed in the same sample using quantitative PCR, reverse transcription quantitative qPCR and proximity ligation assay, respectively. We screened 70 well-characterized kinase inhibitors and determined their effects on cell proliferation and expression of FUS-DDIT3 and FUS at both mRNA and protein levels in the MLS 402-91 cell line, where twelve selected inhibitors were evaluated further in two additional MLS cell lines. Both FUS-DDIT3 and FUS mRNA expression correlated with cell proliferation and both transcripts were co-regulated in most conditions, indicating that the common 5' FUS promotor is important in transcriptional regulation. In contrast, FUS-DDIT3 and FUS protein levels displayed more cell line dependent expression. Furthermore, most JAK inhibitors caused FUS-DDIT3 downregulation at both mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, defining factors that regulate FUS-DDIT3 expression opens new means to understand MLS development at the molecular level.
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6
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FUS–DDIT3 Fusion Protein-Driven IGF-IR Signaling is a Therapeutic Target in Myxoid Liposarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Oikawa K, Mizusaki A, Takanashi M, Ozaki T, Sato F, Kuroda M, Muragaki Y. PRG4 expression in myxoid liposarcoma maintains tumor cell growth through suppression of an antitumor cytokine IL-24. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:209-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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8
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Angileri F, Roy V, Morrow G, Scoazec JY, Gadot N, Orejuela D, Tanguay RM. Molecular changes associated with chronic liver damage and neoplastic lesions in a murine model of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2603-17. [PMID: 26360553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is the most severe inherited metabolic disease of the tyrosine catabolic pathway, with a progressive hepatic and renal injury and a fatal outcome if untreated. Toxic metabolites accumulating in HT1 have been shown to elicit endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, and to induce chromosomal instability, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis perturbation. Although many studies have concentrated on elucidating these events, the molecular pathways responsible for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remain unclear. In this study the fah knockout murine model (fah(-/-)) was used to investigate the cellular signaling implicated in the pathogenesis of HT1. Fah(-/-) mice were subjected to drug therapy discontinuation (Nitisinone withdrawal), and livers were analyzed at different stages of the disease. Monitoring of mice revealed an increasing degeneration of the overall physiological conditions following drug withdrawal. Histological analysis unveiled diffuse hepatocellular damage, steatosis, oval-like cells proliferation and development of liver cell adenomas. Immunoblotting results revealed a progressive and chronic activation of stress pathways related to cell survival and proliferation, including several stress regulators such as Nrf2, eIF2α, CHOP, HO-1, and some members of the MAPK signaling cascade. Impairment of stress defensive mechanisms was also shown by microarray analysis in fah(-/-) mice following prolonged therapy interruption. These results suggest that a sustained activation of stress pathways in the chronic HT1 progression might play a central role in exacerbating liver degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Angileri
- Laboratoire de génétique cellulaire et développementale,IBIS et PROTEO,Département de Biologie Moléculaire,Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie,Faculté de Médecine,1030 Ave de la médecine,Université Laval,Québec G1V 0A6,Canada
| | - Vincent Roy
- Laboratoire de génétique cellulaire et développementale,IBIS et PROTEO,Département de Biologie Moléculaire,Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie,Faculté de Médecine,1030 Ave de la médecine,Université Laval,Québec G1V 0A6,Canada
| | - Geneviève Morrow
- Laboratoire de génétique cellulaire et développementale,IBIS et PROTEO,Département de Biologie Moléculaire,Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie,Faculté de Médecine,1030 Ave de la médecine,Université Laval,Québec G1V 0A6,Canada
| | - Jean Yves Scoazec
- Service Central d'anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques,Hôpital Edouard-Herriot,69437 Lyon Cedex 03,France
| | - Nicolas Gadot
- Service Central d'anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques,Hôpital Edouard-Herriot,69437 Lyon Cedex 03,France
| | - Diana Orejuela
- Laboratoire de génétique cellulaire et développementale,IBIS et PROTEO,Département de Biologie Moléculaire,Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie,Faculté de Médecine,1030 Ave de la médecine,Université Laval,Québec G1V 0A6,Canada
| | - Robert M Tanguay
- Laboratoire de génétique cellulaire et développementale,IBIS et PROTEO,Département de Biologie Moléculaire,Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie,Faculté de Médecine,1030 Ave de la médecine,Université Laval,Québec G1V 0A6,Canada.
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9
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HAN TIANCI, WANG ZHIYONG, YANG YANG, SHU TIANCI, LI WEINAN, LIU DALI, LI PEIWEN, QI RUIQUN, REN YI, LI LI, LIU HONG, ZHANG SHUGUANG, ZHANG LIN. The tumor-suppressive role of BATF2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1353-60. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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10
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Guan Z, Yu X, Wang H, Wang H, Zhang J, Li G, Cao J, Teng L. Advances in the targeted therapy of liposarcoma. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:125-36. [PMID: 25609980 PMCID: PMC4293924 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s72722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is the most common type of soft-tissue sarcoma. Complete surgical resection is the only curative means for localized disease; however, both radiation and conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy remain controversial for metastatic or unresectable disease. An increasing number of trials with novel targeted therapy of LPS have provided encouraging data during recent years. This review will provide an overview of the advances in our understanding of LPS and summarize the results of recent trials with novel therapies targeting different genetic and molecular aberrations for different subtypes of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghai Guan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongfei Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohao Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangliang Li
- Department of Medicine Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Clinical Research Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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11
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Zhou RJ, Shi Z, Zhou K, Wang HD, Zhang GQ, Li XT, Xu JP. Decreased SARI expression predicts poor prognosis of Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2013; 6:2056-2063. [PMID: 24133583 PMCID: PMC3796227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
SARI is associated with the risk for several cancers, and loss of SARI expression is frequently found in aggressive and metastatic cancer. Limited evidence shows that SARI is a tumor suppressor gene, but the role of SARI in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been previously reported. This study was to investigate the SARI expression profile in surgically resected lung cancer tissues of Chinese patients by immunohistochemistry and evaluate the relationship between SARI expression and prognosis of lung cancer patients. Furthermore, SARI gene was transfected into lung cancer cells (A549), and the growth curve and cell healing of lung cancer cells were determined, aiming to investigate the influence of SARI on the growth and migration of lung cancer cells in vitro. Results showed that 103 of 195 (52.82%) tissues were positive for SARI. When compared with normal tissues, SARI expression significantly reduced in 50.26% of NSCLC tissues. Patients with negative or reduced SARI expression were more likely to have advanced lung cancer and lymph node metastasis. In squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma patients, the SARI expression had no relation with the survival time; However in one-on-one analysis SARI expression in tumor cells and adjacent tissues, patients which tumor cells SARI express reduced than adjacent tissues, survival time was significantly shorter than those without reduction in SARI expression (Log Rank test, p = 0.001). After transfection by SARI gene, the proliferation and migration of A549 cells were obviously inhibited (p < 0.001). These results demonstrate that decreased SARI expression may predict a poor prognosis in NSCLC patients, and SARI may serve as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityNo. 183, Xinqiaozheng Rd, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zhong Shi
- Department of Emergency, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityNo. 183, Xinqiaozheng Rd, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityNo. 183, Xinqiaozheng Rd, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hai-Dong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityNo.30, Gaotanyanzheng Rd, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityNo. 183, Xinqiaozheng Rd, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xue-Tao Li
- Department of Surgery, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical CollegeNo. 82, University zhong Rd, Shapingba district, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jian-Ping Xu
- Department of Pathologists, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityNo. 183, Xinqiaozheng Rd, Chongqing 400037, China
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12
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Molecular detection and targeting of EWSR1 fusion transcripts in soft tissue tumors. Med Oncol 2013; 30:412. [PMID: 23329308 PMCID: PMC3586390 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors, traditionally classified according to morphology and histogenesis. Molecular classification divides sarcomas into two main categories: (a) sarcomas with specific genetic alterations and (b) sarcomas showing multiple complex karyotypic abnormalities without any specific pattern. Most chromosomal alterations are represented by translocations which are increasingly detected. The identification of fusion transcripts, in fact, not only support the diagnosis but also provides the basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at blocking aberrant activity of the chimeric proteins. One of the genes most susceptible to breakage/translocation in soft tissue tumors is represented by Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1). This gene has a large number of fusion partners, mainly associated with the pathogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma but with other soft tissue tumors too. In this review, we illustrate the characteristics of this gene/protein, both in normal cellular physiology and in carcinogenesis. We describe the different fusion partners of EWSR1, the molecular pathways in which is involved and the main molecular biology techniques for the identification of fusion transcripts and for their inhibition.
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13
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Borjigin N, Ohno S, Wu W, Tanaka M, Suzuki R, Fujita K, Takanashi M, Oikawa K, Goto T, Motoi T, Kosaka T, Yamamoto K, Kuroda M. TLS-CHOP represses miR-486 expression, inducing upregulation of a metastasis regulator PAI-1 in human myxoid liposarcoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427:355-60. [PMID: 22995304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcomas (MLSs) are characterized by t(12;16)(q13;p11) translocation and expression of TLS-CHOP chimeric oncoprotein. However, the molecular functions of TLS-CHOP have not been fully understood. On the other hand, microRNAs (miRNAs) comprise an abundant class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate the expression of their target genes, and are involved in many biological processes. It is now evident that dysregulation of miRNAs is an important step in the development of many cancers. To our knowledge, however, there have been no reports of the miRNAs involved in MLS tumorigenesis and development. In this study, we have found that miR-486 expression was repressed in TLS-CHOP-expressed NIH3T3 fibroblasts and MLS tissues, and exogenous overexpression of miR-486 repressed growth of MLS cells. Thus, downregulation of miR-486 may be an important process for MLS. In addition, we have identified plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as a novel target gene of miR-486. PAI-1 is a unique type of serine protease inhibitor and is known to be one of the key regulators of tumor invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, knockdown of PAI-1 by a specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited growth of MLS cells, suggesting that increased expression of PAI-1 by miR-486 repression is critical for survival of MLS cells. Collectively, these results suggest a novel essential molecular mechanism that TLS-CHOP activates PAI-1 expression by repression of miR-486 expression in MLS tumorigenesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariso Borjigin
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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